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Neuron‐specific expression of <i>atp6v0c2</i> in zebrafish CNS
Chung, Ah‐,Young,Kim, Myoung‐,Jin,Kim, Dohyun,Bang, Sangsu,Hwang, Sun Wook,Lim, Chae Seung,Lee, Sanggyu,Park, Hae‐,Chul,Huh, Tae‐,Lin Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 2010 Developmental dynamics Vol.239 No.9
<P><B>Abstract</B></P>10.1002/dvdy.22383.abs<P>Vacuolar ATPase (V‐ATPase) is a multi‐subunit enzyme that plays an important role in the acidification of a variety of intracellular compartments. ATP6V0C is subunit c of the V<SUB>0</SUB> domain that forms the proteolipid pore of the enzyme. In the present study, we investigated the neuron‐specific expression of <I>atp6v0c2</I>, a novel isoform of the V‐ATPase c‐subunit, during the development of the zebrafish CNS. Zebrafish <I>atp6v0c2</I> was isolated from a genome‐wide analysis of the zebrafish <I>mib</I><SUP><I>ta52b</I></SUP> mutant designed to identify genes differentially regulated by Notch signaling. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization revealed that <I>atp6v0c2</I> is expressed in a subset of CNS neurons beginning several hours after the emergence of post‐mitotic neurons. The ATP6V0C2 protein is co‐localized with the presynaptic vesicle marker, SV2, suggesting that it is involved in neurotransmitter storage and/or secretion in neurons. In addition, the loss‐of‐function experiment suggests that ATP6V0C2 is involved in the control of neuronal excitability. Developmental Dynamics 239:2501–2508, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</P>
Lin, A.,Watekar, P.R.,Sun, G.,Chung, Y.,Han, W.T. North-Holland 2008 Journal of non-crystalline solids Vol.354 No.32
A germano-silicate optical fiber codoped with Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> and Al<SUP>3+</SUP> was developed by modified chemical vapor deposition and solution doping techniques. The non-resonant third-order optical nonlinearity was measured to be 6.9105x10<SUP>-20</SUP>m<SUP>2</SUP>/W by using the continuous-wave self-phase modulation method. The enhanced non-resonant nonlinearity was ascribed to the increasing number of non-bridging oxygens due to the incorporation of the glass modifiers Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> and Al<SUP>3+</SUP>, the large molar refraction from heavy metal ions Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>, and the enhanced hyper-polarization from PbO doped into the core of the made fiber.
Sun, Ying,Chien, Shang-Chieh,Yip, Hin-Lap,Zhang, Yong,Chen, Kung-Shih,Zeigler, David F.,Chen, Fang-Chung,Lin, Baoping,Jen, Alex K.-Y. Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.21 No.35
<P>Two new semiconducting polymers based on indacenodithiophene and thiadiazolo[3,4-<I>c</I>]pyridine units were synthesized <I>via</I> Stille coupling polymerization. The polymers, PIDTPyT and PIDTDTPyT, exhibited main absorption bands in the range of 550–800 nm while their absorption maxima were located at around 700 nm in films. With two additional thiophene spacers, PIDTDTPyT showed a broader absorption band but a 20 nm blue-shifted maximum peak compared to that of PIDTPyT. Both of the polymers possess low bandgaps (∼1.6 eV) and deep energy levels for both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) device measurements indicate that PIDTPyT and PIDTDTPyT have high hole carrier mobilities of 0.066 and 0.045 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively, with the on/off ratio on the order of 10<SUP>6</SUP>. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices consisting of the copolymers and PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM gave power conversion efficiencies (PCE) as high as 3.91% with broadband photo-response in the range of 300–800 nm. The relationships between the photovoltaic performance and film morphology, energy levels, hole mobilities are discussed.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Low bandgap regiorandom polymers based on indacenodithiophene and thiadiazolo[3,4-<I>c</I>]pyridine units showed excellent OFET hole mobilities and promising photovoltaic device performance as high as 3.91%. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1jm11564b'> </P>
Viability and Functions of Alginate-microencapsulated Islets Isolated from Neonatal Pigs
Lin, Yi-Juain,Wang, Jui-Ping,Chung, Yu-Tung,Sun, Yu-Ling,Chou, Yu-Chi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.5
Patients with Type I diabetes mellitus have been treated with porcine insulin for several decades and pigs have recently been deemed an ideal source of microencapsulated islet cells for clinical xenotransplantation. In this study, neonatal pigs were anesthetized and sacrificed prior to a pancreatectomy. Islet cells were isolated from pancreas via collagenase digestion. Islet cells were separated and collected by hand under microscopic guidance. These cells were suspended in 1.4% sodium alginate solution and encapsulated by dropping them into 1.1% calcium chloride solution and in which the round gel in size was 250-400 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. Viability of the microencapsulated islet cells cultured in medium at $37^{\circ}C$ was assessed by MTT assay. Furthermore, insulin released in response to glucose challenge was investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Secretion of insulin was low in response to the basal glucose solution (4.4 mM) in medium and was significantly higher in response to the high glucose solution (16.7 mM). The viability of microencapsulated islet cells did not differ significantly over a period of 7 days; that is, the increasing pattern of insulin concentration in the culture medium after glucose stimulation interval day was similar throughout the 7 days cultivation. In summary, experimental evidences indicated that the effects of alginate-microencapsulation prolonged survival of the neonatal porcine islets in vitro cultures and the insulin response to glucose of the islets was maintained.
Sun, Ying,Chien, Shang-Chieh,Yip, Hin-Lap,Chen, Kung-Shih,Zhang, Yong,Davies, Joshua A.,Chen, Fang-Chung,Lin, Baoping,Jen, Alex K.-Y. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.12
<P>A detailed model study has shown that thin film morphology and bulk-heterojunction solar cell performance can be significantly improved by systematic tuning of the surface energy of the conjugated donor polymer through side-chain functionalization. Thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) moieties with different contents of cyanohexane side chains were incorporated into three low band-gap conjugated copolymers (<B>PIDTDPP1</B>, <B>PIDTDPP2</B> and <B>PIDTDPP3</B>) consisting of indacenodithiophene (IDT) donors and DPP acceptors. The resulting polymers possessed good solubility in common organic solvents and showed similar energy levels, bandgaps, and hole mobilities. However, the introduction of cyano groups onto the terminal of side-chains significantly changed their surface energy. Topographical images obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM) proved that a better matched surface energy between polymer and PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM had led to enhanced miscibility, which resulted in better BHJ film morphology. Consistent with the surface energy enhancement, the performance of BHJ photovoltaic devices increased from 0.97% for <B>PIDTDPP1</B>, to 2.16% for <B>PIDTDPP2</B> then to 3.67% for <B>PIDTDPP3</B>. These results clearly reveal that tuning surface energy is an effective way to improve the morphology of the BHJ active layer and efficiency of the photovoltaic device.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We have shown that significantly improved thin film morphology and bulk-heterojunction solar cell performance can be achieved by systematically tuning the surface energy of conjugated polymer donors through side-chain functionalization. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm15517f'> </P>
Lee, Byoung-Sun,Yang, Ho-Sung,Jung, Heechul,Jeon, Seung-Yeol,Jung, Changhoon,Kim, Sang-Won,Bae, Jihyun,Choong, Chwee-Lin,Im, Jungkyun,Chung, U-In,Park, Jong-Jin,Yu, Woong-Ryeol RSC Pub 2014 Nanoscale Vol.6 No.11
<P>Silicon/carbon (Si/C) nanocomposites have recently received much attention as Li-ion battery negative electrodes due to their mutual synergetic effects in capacity and mechanical integrity. The contribution of Si to the total capacity of the Si/C nanocomposites determines their structural efficiency. Herein, we report on a multi-layered, one-dimensional nanostructure that exhibits the theoretical specific capacity of Si in the nanocomposite. Concentrically tri-layered, compartmentalized, C-core/Si-medium/C-shell nanofibers were fabricated by triple coaxial electrospinning. The pulverization of Si was accommodated inside the C-shell, whereas the conductive pathway of the Li-ions and electrons was provided by the C-core, which was proven by ex situ Raman spectroscopy. The compartmentalized Si in between the C-core and C-shell led to excellent specific capacity at a high current rate (>820 mA h g(-1) at 12000 mA g(-1)) and the realization of the theoretical specific capacity of the Li15Si4 phase of Si nanoparticles (3627 mA h g(-1)). The electrochemical characterization and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry provided direct evidence of full participation of Si in the electrochemical reactions.</P>
Park, Jae-Sun,Kim, Hyung-Seok,Kim, Jun-Dae,Seo, Jungwon,Chung, Kyung-Sook,Lee, Ho-Sa,Huh, Tae-Lin,Jo, Inho,Kim, Yong-Ou Wiley-Liss, Inc. 2009 Developmental dynamics Vol.238 No.6
<P>We investigated chamber-specific gene expression by isolating a 2.2-kb polymerase chain reaction product containing the 5′-flanking region of the zebrafish ventricular myosin heavy-chain gene (vmhc). Promoter analysis revealed that the fragment, consisting of nucleotides from −301 to +26, is sufficient for vmhc promoter activity. Among several putative cis-acting elements in the region, a GATA-binding site was identified to be crucial for the activity of the promoter, as evidenced by the complete abolishment of promoter activity by a single nucleotide substitution of GATA-binding site (−287, C→T). Knockdown of GATA-binding proteins 4 and 6 (GATA4 and -6) by their antisense morpholino oligonucleotides resulted in reduced green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene and endogenous vmhc expression. These findings suggest that GATA4 and -6 play a key role in the regulation of vmhc expression in the ventricle. In addition, the vmhc promoter and the transgenic zebrafish (vmhc:gfp) are useful tools to study the formation and function of the ventricle. Developmental Dynamics 238:1574–1581, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Effect of Conversion to CTLA4Ig on Tacrolimus-Induced Diabetic Rats
Jin, Long,Lim, Sun Woo,Jin, Jian,Luo, Kang,Ko, Eun Jeong,Chung, Byung Ha,Lin, Hong Li,Yang, Chul Woo Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2018 Transplantation Vol.102 No.4
<P>Conclusions CTLA4Ig was not diabetogenic, and conversion to CTLA4Ig reduced TAC-induced pancreatic islet injury.</P>