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Venkata Subramanian Krishnaraju,Kumar Rajender,Sood Ashwani,Jaya Shukla,Karthikeyan Subramanian,Nandita Kakkar,Naresh Panda,Mittal Bhagwant Rai 대한핵의학회 2021 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.55 No.3
Chondrosarcoma is a cartilaginous tumor of mesenchymal origin. The histology and grade of the tumor determine the chances of relapse and survival. These tumors usually respond poorly to chemo-radiotherapy in cases of non-resectable and recurrent disease. 18F-FDG PET/CT has been used in evaluation of recurrence. However, these tumors show only mild to moderate FDG avidity due to their lower mitotic activity and large acellular matrix. These tumors are known to have a high degree of angiogenesis, especially in those of higher grade. We present a case of a 53-year-old man with grade II chondrosarcoma of the left femur showing only mild avidity on 18F-FDG PET/CT but showing moderate to intense tracer avidity on 68Ga-DOTA-RGD2 PET/CT. This may enable the use of angiogenesis-targeted positron and beta-emitting radiopharmaceuticals as a potentially new theranostic alternative treatment in cases of refractory metastatic chondrosarcoma.
Examining the Gm18 and $m^1G$ Modification Positions in tRNA Sequences
Subramanian, Mayavan,Srinivasan, Thangavelu,Sudarsanam, Dorairaj Korea Genome Organization 2014 Genomics & informatics Vol.12 No.2
The tRNA structure contains conserved modifications that are responsible for its stability and are involved in the initiation and accuracy of the translation process. tRNA modification enzymes are prevalent in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. tRNA Gm18 methyltransferase (TrmH) and tRNA $m^1G37$ methyltransferase (TrmD) are prevalent and essential enzymes in bacterial populations. TrmH involves itself in methylation process at the 2'-OH group of ribose at the 18th position of guanosine (G) in tRNAs. TrmD methylates the G residue next to the anticodon in selected tRNA subsets. Initially, $m^1G37$ modification was reported to take place on three conserved tRNA subsets ($tRNA^{Arg}$, $tRNA^{Leu}$, $tRNA^{Pro}$); later on, few archaea and eukaryotes organisms revealed that other tRNAs also have the $m^1G37$ modification. The present study reveals Gm18, $m^1G37$ modification, and positions of $m^1G$ that take place next to the anticodon in tRNA sequences. We selected extremophile organisms and attempted to retrieve the $m^1G$ and Gm18 modification bases in tRNA sequences. Results showed that the Gm18 modification G residue occurs in all tRNA subsets except three tRNAs ($tRNA^{Met}$, $tRNA^{Pro}$, $tRNA^{Val}$). Whereas the $m^1G37$ modification base G is formed only on $tRNA^{Arg}$, $tRNA^{Leu}$, $tRNA^{Pro}$, and $tRNA^{His}$, the rest of the tRNAs contain adenine (A) next to the anticodon. Thus, we hypothesize that Gm18 modification and $m^1G$ modification occur irrespective of a G residue in tRNAs.
Subramanian Gopalakannan,Thiagarajan Senthilvelan 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.3
A novel aluminium metal matrix composite reinforced with SiC particles were prepared by liquid metallurgy route. Recent developmentsin composites are not only focused on the improvement of mechanical properties, but also on machinability for difficult-tomachineshapes. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) was employed to machine MMC with copper electrode. using EDM. Experimentswere conducted using pulse current, gap voltage, pulse on time and pulse off time as typical process parameters. The experimentplan adopts face centered central composite design of response surface methodology. Analysis of variance was applied to investigate theinfluence of process parameters and their interactions viz., pulse current, gap voltage, pulse on time and pulse off time on material removalrate (MRR), electrode wear ratio (EWR) and surface roughness (SR). The objective was to identify the significant process parametersthat affect the output characteristics. Further a mathematical model has been formulated by applying response surface method inorder to estimate the machining characteristics such as MRR, EWR and SR.
Stage-Wise Identification and Analysis of miRNA from Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>
Subramanian, Parthiban,Choi, In-Chan,Mani, Vimalraj,Park, Junhyung,Subramaniyam, Sathiyamoorthy,Choi, Kang-Hyun,Sim, Joon-Soo,Lee, Chang-Muk,Koo, Ja Choon,Hahn, Bum-Soo MDPI AG 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.17 No.10
<P>In this study, we investigated global changes in miRNAs of <I>Meloidogyne incognita</I> throughout its life cycle. Small RNA sequencing resulted in approximately 62, 38, 38, 35, and 39 Mb reads in the egg, J2, J3, J4, and female stages, respectively. Overall, we identified 2724 known and 383 novel miRNAs (read count > 10) from all stages, of which 169 known and 13 novel miRNA were common to all the five stages. Among the stage-specific miRNAs, miR-286 was highly expressed in eggs, miR-2401 in J2, miR-8 and miR-187 in J3, miR-6736 in J4, and miR-17 in the female stages. These miRNAs are reported to be involved in embryo and neural development, muscular function, and control of apoptosis. Cluster analysis indicated the presence of 91 miRNA clusters, of which 36 clusters were novel and identified in this study. Comparison of miRNA families with other nematodes showed 17 families to be commonly absent in animal parasitic nematodes and <I>M. incognita</I>. Validation of 43 predicted common and stage-specific miRNA by quantitative PCR (qPCR) indicated their expression in the nematode. Stage-wise exploration of <I>M. incognita</I> miRNAs has not been carried out before and this work presents information on common and stage-specific miRNAs of the root-knot nematode.</P>
Subramanian, Yuvaraj,Veerasubramani, Ganesh Kumar,Park, Myung-Soo,Kim, Dong-Won The Electrochemical Society 2019 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.166 No.4
<P>We synthesized a layer structured NbSe<SUB>2</SUB> material through gas-phase solid state reaction, and its electrochemical performance was examined as an intercalation anode for sodium-ion hybrid capacitor. The NbSe<SUB>2</SUB> electrode showed a reversible capacity of 142.5 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 200 mA g<SUP>−1</SUP> over 100 cycles with good capacity retention of 94.0%, and it delivered a high discharge capacity of 100.7 mAh at 1000 mA g<SUP>−1</SUP>. The surface capacitive process mainly contributed to the charge storage in the NbSe<SUB>2</SUB> electrode. Its superior electrochemical performance arose from the layered structure of NbSe<SUB>2</SUB> that offered the easy pathway for sodium ion diffusion and accommodated the volume strain during sodiation/de-sodiation processes. The sodium-ion hybrid capacitor assembled with NbSe<SUB>2</SUB> anode and activated carbon cathode exhibited a high power density of 599.6 W kg<SUP>−1</SUP> at energy density of 17.3 Wh kg<SUP>−1</SUP> with good capacity retention of 93.2% at 300 mA g<SUP>−1</SUP> after 3000 cycles. Our results demonstrate that the NbSe<SUB>2</SUB> can be a promising anode material for sodium-ion hybrid capacitor.</P>
Experimental and modelling study of clay stabilized with bottom ash-eco sand slurry pile
Subramanian, Sathyapriya,Arumairaj, P.D.,Subramani, T. Techno-Press 2017 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.12 No.3
Clay soils are typical for their swelling properties upon absorption of water during rains and development of cracks during summer time owing to the profile desorption of water through the inter-connected soil pores by water vapour diffusion leading to evaporation. This type of unstable soil phenomenon by and large poses a serious threat to the strength and stability of structures when rest on such type of soils. Even as lime and cement are extensively used for stabilization of clay soils it has become imperative to find relatively cheaper alternative materials to bring out the desired properties within the clay soil domain. In the present era of catastrophic environmental degradation as a side effect to modernized manufacturing processes, industrialization and urbanization the creative idea would be treating the waste products in a beneficial way for reuse and recycling. Bottom ash and ecosand are construed as a waste product from cement industry. An optimal combination of bottom ash-eco sand can be thought of as a viable alternative to stabilize the clay soils by means of an effective dispersion dynamics associated with the inter connected network of pore spaces. A CATIA model was created and imported to ANSYS Fluent to study the dispersion dynamics. Ion migration from the bottom ash-ecosand pile was facilitated through natural formation of cracks in clay soil subjected to atmospheric conditions. Treated samples collected at different curing days from inner and outer zones at different depths were tested for, plasticity index, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), free swell index, water content, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), pH and ion concentration to show the effectiveness of the method in improving the clay soil.
Highly Efficient Catalytic Cyclic Carbonate Formation by Pyridyl Salicylimines
Subramanian, Saravanan,Park, Joonho,Byun, Jeehye,Jung, Yousung,Yavuz, Cafer T. American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.11
<P>Cyclic carbonates as industrial commodities offer a viable nonredox carbon dioxide fixation, and suitable heterogeneous catalysts are vital for their widespread implementation. Here, we report a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for CO<SUB>2</SUB> addition to epoxides based on a newly identified active catalytic pocket consisting of pyridine, imine, and phenol moieties. The polymeric, metal-free catalyst derived from this active site converts less-reactive styrene oxide under atmospheric pressure in quantitative yield and selectivity to the corresponding carbonate. The catalyst does not need additives, solvents, metals, or co-catalysts, can be reused at least 10 cycles without the loss of activity, and scaled up easily to a kilogram scale. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the nucleophilicity of pyridine base gets stronger due to the conjugated imines and H-bonding from phenol accelerates the reaction forward by stabilizing the intermediate.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Subramanian Ganesh,Ramachandran Amutha 한국통신학회 2013 Journal of communications and networks Vol.15 No.4
Advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology have enabled small and low-cost sensors with the capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. In the WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are limited. A triple umpiring system has already been proved for its better performance inWSNs. The clustering technique is effective in prolonging the lifetime of theWSN. In this study, we have modified the adhoc on demand distance vector routing by incorporating signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) based dynamic clustering. The proposed scheme,which is an efficient and secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks through SNR-based dynamic clustering (ESRPSDC)mechanisms, can partition the nodes into clusters and select the cluster head (CH) among the nodes based on the energy, and non CH nodes join with a specific CH based on the SNR values. Error recovery has been implemented during the inter-cluster routing in order to avoid end-to-end error recovery. Security has been achieved by isolating the malicious nodes using sink-based routing pattern analysis. Extensive investigation studies using a global mobile simulator have shown that this hybrid ESRP significantly improves the energy efficiency and packet reception rate as compared with the SNR unaware routing algorithms such as the low energy aware adaptive clustering hierarchy and power efficient gathering in sensor information systems.