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Sivaram, Saujan V.,Shin, Naechul,Chou, Li-Wei,Filler, Michael A. American Chemical Society 2015 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.137 No.31
<P>Surface adsorbates are well-established choreographers of material synthesis, but the presence and impact of these short-lived species on semiconductor nanowire growth are largely unknown. Here, we use infrared spectroscopy to directly observe surface adsorbates, hydrogen atoms and methyl groups, chemisorbed to the nanowire sidewall and show they are essential for the stable growth of Ge nanowires via the vapor–liquid–solid mechanism. We quantitatively determine the surface coverage of hydrogen atoms during nanowire growth by comparing ν(Ge–H) absorption bands from <I>operando</I> measurements (i.e., during growth) to those after saturating the nanowire sidewall with hydrogen atoms. This method provides sub-monolayer chemical information at relevant reaction conditions while accounting for the heterogeneity of sidewall surface sites and their evolution during elongation. Our findings demonstrate that changes to surface bonding are critical to understand Ge nanowire synthesis and provide new guidelines for rationally selecting catalysts, forming heterostructures, and controlling dopant profiles.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2015/jacsat.2015.137.issue-31/jacs.5b03818/production/images/medium/ja-2015-03818h_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja5b03818'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Using Implementation Science to Advance Cancer Prevention in India
Krishnan, Suneeta,Sivaram, Sudha,Anderson, Benjamin O.,Basu, Partha,Belinson, Jerome L,Bhatla, Neerja,D' Cruz, Anil,Dhillon, Preet K.,Gupta, Prakash C.,Joshi, Niranjan,Jhulka, PK,Kailash, Uma,Kapambwe Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9
Oral, cervical and breast cancers, which are either preventable and/or amenable to early detection and treatment, are the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in India. In this paper, we describe implementation science research priorities to catalyze the prevention and control of these cancers in India. Research priorities were organized using a framework based on the implementation science literature and the World Health Organization's definition of health systems. They addressed both community-level as well as health systems-level issues. Community-level or "pull" priorities included the need to identify effective strategies to raise public awareness and understanding of cancer prevention, monitor knowledge levels, and address fear and stigma. Health systems-level or "push" and "infrastructure" priorities included dissemination of evidence-based practices, testing of point-of-care technologies for screening and diagnosis, identification of appropriate service delivery and financing models, and assessment of strategies to enhance the health workforce. Given the extent of available evidence, it is critical that cancer prevention and treatment efforts in India are accelerated. Implementation science research can generate critical insights and evidence to inform this acceleration.
Guntima Suwannapong,Paitoon Seanbualuang,Sivaram Venkatarame Gowda,Mark Eric Benbow 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.13 No.3
The role of honeybee mandibular gland compounds is poorly understood, although they may act as alarm pheromones. We measured forager and guard bee antennal responses evoked by two major components of mandibular gland secretions of the Asiatic honeybee, Apis cerana. Membrane potentials of antennal sensilla were measured after exposure to three concentrations of the synthetic alarm pheromones 2-heptanone and (Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol using a potentiostat (EA161) connected to an e-corder (ED401) with microelectrodes. The resting membrane potential of A. cerana foragers and guards was −55.23±1.44 and −56.41±1.21 mV,respectively. The membrane potential of foragers after exposure to 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0% 2-heptanone was −5.32±0.46, −8.41±1.33 and −11.53±2.16 mV, respectively. The membrane potential of guards was −5.49±1.66, −8.46±1.32 and −7.31±3.46 mV, respectively. Exposure of foragers to 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0%(Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol induced membrane potentials of −24.00±6.56, −36.36±5.18 and −14.60±8.20 mV,respectively; for guards they were −47.62±1.46, −46.08±0.87 and −9.35±1.96 mV, respectively. The highest membrane potential was found in foragers exposed to 1.0% 2-heptanone. The membrane potentials of foragers were higher than that of guards except at the highest concentration (10.0%) of both pheromones. These findings suggest that antennal sensory receptors of foragers may have higher specific thresholds than those of guards.
Potentially Scalable Conductive-Type Nanotube Enrichment Through Covalent Chemistry
Boul, Peter J.,Nikolaev, Pavel,Sosa, Edward,Arepalli, Sivaram American Chemical Society 2011 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.115 No.28
<P>Metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes, synthesized through a pulsed-laser vaporization process, were selectively reacted with dodecyl-oxybenzene-diazonium tetrafluoroborate to yield tetrahydrofuran (THF) suspensions of nanotubes enriched in metallic content. The nanotube material that did not suspend in THF displayed a lower D/G ratio in Raman spectroscopy indicating less covalent functionalization and corresponds to an increase in semiconducting nanotube population. After the THF suspendable nanotubes were extracted from the unsuspendable nanotube material, the two separate nanotube populations were stripped of the dodecyloxybenzene functional groups through an annealing process. In this way, the functionalization process was made to be reversible whereby the nanotubes from both semiconducting and metallically enriched populations could have their original band gap properties restored.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2011/jpccck.2011.115.issue-28/jp202251r/production/images/medium/jp-2011-02251r_0004.gif'></P>
Efficient Spectrofluorimetric Analysis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Samples
Rocha, John-David R.,Bachilo, Sergei M.,Ghosh, Saunab,Arepalli, Sivaram,Weisman, R. Bruce American Chemical Society 2011 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.83 No.19
<P>A new method and instrumentation are described for rapid compositional analysis of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) samples. The customized optical system uses multiple fixed-wavelength lasers to excite NIR fluorescence from SWCNTs individualized in aqueous suspensions. The emission spectra are efficiently captured by a NIR spectrometer with InGaAs multichannel detector and then analyzed by a computer program that consults a database of SWCNT spectral parameters. The identities and relative abundances of semiconducting SWCNTs species are quickly deduced and displayed in graphs and tables. Results are found to be consistent with those based on manual interpretation of full excitation–emission scans from a conventional spectrofluorometer. The new instrument also measures absorption spectra using a broadband lamp and multichannel spectrometers, allowing samples to be automatically characterized by their emission efficiencies. The system provides rapid data acquisition and is sensitive enough to detect the fluorescence of a few picograms of SWCNTs in ∼50 μL sample volumes.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancham/2011/ancham.2011.83.issue-19/ac2014788/production/images/medium/ac-2011-014788_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ac2014788'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Jeong, Hae-Kyung,Jin, Meihua,Ra, Eun Ju,Sheem, Kyeu Yoon,Han, Gang Hee,Arepalli, Sivaram,Lee, Young Hee American Chemical Society 2010 ACS NANO Vol.4 No.2
<P>We propose a new material for high power and high density supercapacitors with excellent cycle stability. Graphite oxide (PSS−GO) intercalated with poly(sodium 4-styrensulfonate) showed high performance of electric double layer capacitance (EDLC) compared to that of the pristine graphite oxide. Specific capacitance of the PSS−GO reached 190 F/g, and the energy density was much improved to 38 Wh/kg with a power density of 61 W/kg. Cycle test showed that the specific capacitance decreased by only 12% after 14860 cycles, providing excellent cyclic stability. The high EDLC performance of PSS−GO composite was attributed to the wide interlayer distance and simple pore structures accommodating fast ion kinetics.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2010/ancac3.2010.4.issue-2/nn901790f/production/images/medium/nn-2009-01790f_0006.gif'></P>