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Sang-Mok Cha,Jae-Kyoung Shim,Kyeong-Yeoll Le 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family that is specific to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is known as chaperones and signaling regulators that respond to ER stresses in vertebrates. However, its function in invertebrates, including insects, is uncertain. Here we determined a full cDNA sequence and the expression patterns of grp78 of Aphis gossypii, which is a major pest of numerous crop plants worldwide. Its cDNA had highly conserved motifs of the HSP70 family and the C-terminal motif of KDEL characteristic of ER-specific HSPs. It showed 98.5% identity with the GRP78 of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the grp78 level was higher in the fourth instar nymph than in the younger instar and adult stages. Its level was not affected by thermal stress of 10 to 40°C for 1 h. The grp78 level was proportional to the ingestion of a sucrose solution ranging in concentration from 0% to 30% in a Parafilm feeding chamber. In addition, the grp78 level varied among aphids feeding on leaves from 14 different host plants for 24 h; it was higher with eggplant and pepper but lower with pigweed and tobacco than any other plants. Our study suggests that the grp78 level is regulated by nutritional condition of A. gossypii.
Kim Ju-Sung,Seo Sang-Gyu,Kim Sun-Hyung,Usui Kenji,Shim Le-Sung The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.7 No.3
The effects of constituent amino acids of glutathione (GSH), glutamate (Glu), cysteine (Cys) and glycine (Gly), on GSH synthesis in lettuce seedlings were examined in this study. The GSH concentration of the seedlings was increased to 5.1-fold and 1.6-fold the concentration of the control in the first leaves and roots, respectively, by simultaneous application of these constituent amino acids (Glu+Cys+Gly) at 100 mg/l to the culture solution for two days. In the first leaves and roots of these seedlings, the concentration of GSH was 180.4 and 14.6 nmole/gFW, and non-essential amino acids including Glu, Cys and Gly occupied 93.2% and 84.0% of the total free amino acids, respectively. Application of Cys greatly increased the concentration of GSH in the roots, and application of 50 mg/l Cys increased it to 26.1-fold the concentration in the control. The activity of GSH synthetase was higher in the leaves than in the roots, whereas the activity of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase was higher in the roots than in the leaves.
Lee, Tae Sung,Lee, Nam Joo,Abbas, Haider,Hu, Quanli,Yoon, Tae-Sik,Lee, Hyun Ho,Le Shim, Ee,Kang, Chi Jung IOP Pub 2018 Nanotechnology Vol.29 No.3
<P>The resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices with heterostuctures have been investigated due to cycling stability, nonlinear switching, complementary resistive switching and self-compliance. The heterostructured devices can modulate the resistive switching (RS) behavior appropriately by bilayer structure with a variety of materials. In this study, the bipolar resistive switching characteristics of the bilayer structures composed of Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> and Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Se, which are transition-metal oxide (TMO) and silver chalcogenide, were investigated. The bilayer devices of Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> deposited on Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Se (Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>/Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Se) and Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Se deposited on Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> (Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Se/Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>) were fabricated for investigation of the RS characteristics by stacking sequence of Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> and Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Se. All operating voltages were applied to the Ag top electrode with the Pt bottom electrode grounded. The Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>/Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Se device showed that a negative voltage sweep switched the device from high resistance state (HRS) to low resistance state (LRS) and a positive voltage sweep switched the device from LRS to HRS. On the contrary, for the Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Se/Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> device a positive voltage sweep switched the device from HRS to LRS, and a negative voltage sweep switched it from LRS to HRS. The polarity dependence of RS was attributed to the stacking sequence of Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> and Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Se. In addition, the combined heterostructured device of both bilayer stacks, Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>/Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Se and Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Se/Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>, exhibited the complementary switching characteristics. By using threshold switching devices, sneak path leakage can be reduced without additional selectors. The bilayer heterostructures of Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> and Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Se have various advantages such as self-compliance, reproducibility and forming-free stable RS. It confirms the possible applications of TMO and silver chalcogenide heterostructures in RRAM.</P>
A Study on Real-Time Implementation of Obstacle Avoidance for Autonomous Travelling Robot
Byoung-Kyun Shim,Won-Jun Hwang,Kyung-Sun Choi,Le Xuan Thu,Sung-Hyun Han 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10
We Propose a new approach to the design and real implementation of wall following and fuzzy perception concept with a non-holonomic mobile robot named KU-DAWIN Robot. The main focus of this paper is obtaining a fuzzy perception of the environment in the design of each reactive behavior and solving the problem of behavior combination to implement a fuzzy behavior based control architecture. It should be remarked that, the proposed technique of the nonholonomic constraints are considered in the design of each behavior. Furthermore, in order to improve the capabilities of the intelligent control system and its practical applicability, teleoperation and planned behaviors, together with their combination with reactive ones, have been considered. Experimental results, of an application to control the KU-DAWIN Robot autonomous vehicle, demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method.
Han, Jae Woo,Shim, Sang Hee,Jang, Kyoung Soo,Choi, Yong Ho,Dang, Quang Le,Kim, Hun,Choi, Gyung Ja Taylor & Francis Inc. 2018 Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part Vol.53 No.2
<P>As an alternative to synthetic pesticides, natural materials such as plant extracts and microbes have been considered to control plant diseases. In this study, methanol extracts of 120 plants were explored for in vivo antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infestans, Puccinia triticina, and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Of the 120 plant extracts, eight plant extracts exhibited a disease control efficacy of more than 90% against at least one of five plant diseases. In particular, a methanol extract of Curcuma zedoaria rhizomes exhibited strong activity against wheat leaf rust caused by P. triticina. When the C. zedoaria methanol extracts were partitioned with various solvents, the layers of n-hexane, methylene chloride, and ethyl acetate showed disease control values of 100, 80, and 43%, respectively, against wheat leaf rust. From the C. zedoaria rhizome extracts, an antifungal substance was isolated and identified as a sesquiterpene ketolactone based on the mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. The active compound controlled the development of rice sheath blight, wheat leaf rust, and tomato late blight. Considering the in vivo antifungal activities of the sesquiterpene ketolactone and the C. zedoaria extracts, these results suggest that C. zedoaria can be used as a potent fungicide in organic agriculture.</P>
Tang, Shuang-Yan,Le, Quang-Tri,Shim, Jae-Hoon,Yang, Sung-Jae,Auh, Joong-Huck,Park, Cheonseok,Park, Kwan-Hwa Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006 FEBS JOURNAL Vol.273 No.14
<P>DNA shuffling was used to improve the thermostability of maltogenic amylase from <I>Bacillus thermoalkalophilus</I> ET2. Two highly thermostable mutants, III-1 and III-2, were generated after three rounds of shuffling and recombination of mutations. Their optimal reaction temperatures were all 80 °C, which was 10 °C higher than that of the wild-type. The mutant enzyme III-1 carried seven mutations: N147D, F195L, N263S, D311G, A344V, F397S, and N508D. The half-life of III-1 was about 20 times greater than that of the wild-type at 78 °C. The mutant enzyme III-2 carried M375T in addition to the mutations in III-1, which was responsible for the decrease in specific activity. The half-life of III-2 was 568 min while that of the wild-type was <1 min at 80 °C. The melting temperatures of III-1 and III-2, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry, increased by 6.1 °C and 11.4 °C, respectively. Hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction, proper packing, and deamidation were predicted as the mechanisms for the enhancement of thermostability in the enzymes with the mutations.</P>
WeiQiang Jia,Sug-Won Roh,Sung Hwan Choi,Jong Chan Won,Soo Yong Shim,Jung-Sung Chung,Le Thi Hien,Aung Bo Bo,Kee Woong Park,Jeung Joo Lee 한국잡초학회·한국잔디학회 2021 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.10 No.1
Continuous use of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors has led to the selection of herbicide-resistant Sagittaria trifolia in paddy fields. Herbicide-resistant (R) S. trifolia was first reported in 2011 in Korea. The objective of this study was to investigate the level and mechanism of resistance and understand the fitness of R biotypes using R and susceptible (S) S. trifolia biotypes originated from seeds and tubers. Whole plant dose-response showed that the R biotypes originated from tubers were highly resistant to cyclosulfamuron and moderately resistant to penoxsulam and imazaquin, with R/S ratios of 250, 13 and 8, respectively. Compared to the S biotype, the R biotype originated from tuber had an amino acid substitution at the position of a Pro197-Leu residue of als gene, a well-known mutation site that could confer resistance to sulfonylurea, triazolopyrimidine, and imidazolinone herbicides. Additionally, the germination rate and growth of the S biotypes originated from seeds were lower than those of the R biotypes. The growth of the S biotypes originated from tubers was more vigorous than that of the R biotypes. Once the seed of R biotypes move to uninfected paddy fields, the germination rate of R biotypes is probably more than that of existing S biotypes. If ALS inhibitors are applied into paddy fields, R biotypes can survive and even produce tubers that can continually propagate and probably become dominant in the population in uninfected paddy fields. Thus, increasing the application rate of ALS inhibitors to kill R biotypes probably can enhance ALS-inhibitors’ selection-pressure.