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Maryam Shaygan,Azita Jaberi,Marziehsadat Razavizadegan,Zainab Shayegan 대한통증학회 2023 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.36 No.2
Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic pain and its contributing factors among teenagers aged 12–21 years in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents aged 12–21 years. Demographic variables of the adolescents and their parents as well as the pain characteristics were assessed. Descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, and regression models were used to describe the characteristics of the pain and its predictive factors. Results: The prevalence of chronic pain was 23.7%. The results revealed no significant difference between the male and female participants regarding the pain characteristics, except for the home medications used for pain relief. The results of a chi-square test showed that the mother’s pain, education, and occupation, and the father’s education were associated significantly with chronic pain in adolescents (P < 0.05). Multinomial logistic regression also showed the mother’s history of pain played a significant role in the incidence of adolescents’ chronic pain. Conclusions: The prevalence of chronic pain was relatively high in these adolescents. The results also provided basic and essential information about the contributing factors in this area. However, consideration of factors such as anxiety, depression, school problems, sleep, and physical activity are suggested in future longitudinal studies.
A Growth Mechanism for Free-Standing Vertical Graphene
Zhao, Jiong,Shaygan, Mehrdad,Eckert, Jü,rgen,Meyyappan, M.,Rü,mmeli, Mark H. American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.6
<P>We propose a detailed mechanism for the growth of vertical graphene by plasma-enhanced vapor deposition. Different steps during growth including nucleation, growth, and completion of the free-standing two-dimensional structures are characterized and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The nucleation of vertical graphene growth is either from the buffer layer or from the surface of carbon onions. A continuum model based on the surface diffusion and moving boundary (mass flow) is developed to describe the intermediate states of the steps and the edges of graphene. The experimentally observed convergence tendency of the steps near the top edge can be explained by this model. We also observed the closure of the top edges that can possibly stop the growth. This two-dimensional vertical growth follows a self-nucleated, step-flow mode, explained for the first time.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2014/nalefd.2014.14.issue-6/nl501039c/production/images/medium/nl-2014-01039c_0007.gif'></P>
Bandgap engineering of Cd(x)Zn(1-x)Te nanowires.
Davami, Keivan,Pohl, Judith,Shaygan, Mehrdad,Kheirabi, Nazli,Faryabi, Hamid,Cuniberti, Gianaurelio,Lee, Jeong-Soo,Meyyappan, M RSC Pub 2013 Nanoscale Vol.5 No.3
<P>Bandgap engineering of single-crystalline alloy Cd(x)Zn(1-x)Te (0 x 1) nanowires is achieved successfully through control of growth temperature and a two zone source system in a vapor-liquid-solid process. Extensive characterization using electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence shows highly crystalline alloy nanowires with precise tuning of the bandgap. It is well known that bulk Cd(x)Zn(1-x)Te is popular for construction of radiation detectors and availability of a nanowire form of this material would help to improve detection sensitivity and miniaturization. This is a step forward towards the accomplishment of tunable and predetermined bandgap emissions for various applications.</P>