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Khan, Shaukat,Ul-Islam, Mazhar,Ikram, Muhammad,Islam, Salman Ul,Ullah, Muhammad Wajid,Israr, Muhammad,Jang, Jae Hyun,Yoon, Sik,Park, Joong Kon Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES Vol.117 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study reports the fabrication of porogen-induced, surface-modified, 3-dimensionally microporous regenerated bacterial cellulose (rBC)/gelatin (3DMP rBC/G) scaffolds for skin regeneration applications. Round shaped gelatin microspheres (GMS), fabricated using a water-in-oil emulsion (WOE) method, were utilized as the porogen. The dissolution of GMS from the solution casted BC scaffolds led to surface-modified microporous rBC. The scaffolds were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and elemental analysis. FE-SEM analysis confirmed the regular microporosity of the 3DMP rBC/G scaffolds, while elemental analysis confirmed the successful surface modification of cellulose with gelatin. <I>In vitro</I> tests showed good adhesion and proliferation of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) on the 3DMP rBC/G scaffolds during 7 days of incubation. Confocal microscopy showed penetration of HaCaT cells into the scaffolds, up to 300 μm in depth. <I>In vivo</I> wound healing and skin regeneration experiments, in experimental mice, showed complete skin regeneration within 2 weeks. The wound closure efficacy of the 3DMP rBC/G scaffolds was much higher (93%) than that of the control (47%) and pure BC-treated (63%) wounds. These results indicated that our 3DMP rBC/G scaffolds represent future candidate materials for skin regeneration applications.</P>
Shaukat Khan,마잘울이슬람,Waleed Ahmad Khattak,Muhammad Wajid Ullah,유보완,박중곤 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.4
Current study illustrates the effect of high yeast cell density contained in the waste of beer fermentationbroth (WBFB) on bio-ethanol production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). WBFB wasdisintegrated (DW) and comparatively evaluated against nondisintegrated WBFB (NDW) for bio-ethanol production atvariant temperatures. Final bio-ethanol levels of 36.38 g/L and 18.65 g/L at 30 oC, 4.45 g/L and 43.23 g/L at 40 oC, and2.32 g/L and 6.83 g/L at 50 oC were achieved with 20% NDW and DW, respectively, after 12 h. DW carried out thesimultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process through cell free enzyme system and was capable of bioethanolproduction beyond the microbial growth temperature (>30 oC) of NDW system. The increase in sedimentconcentration in DW positively influenced the production capabilities of the system producing 43.23 g/L, 54.39 g/L and62.82 g/L bio-ethanol with 20, 30 and 40% sediments at 40 oC, respectively. The retardation of bioethanol production atelevated temperature (50 oC) was expected to be caused by denaturing or digesting of certain enzymes as observedthrough SDS-PAGE. FTIR analysis also showed the appearance of a new band at approximately 1,590 cm−1 due to unfoldingof polypeptide chains at 50 oC. The overall study reveals the positive influence of increased cell density on ethanolproduction and presents evidence for decreased fermentation beyond certain temperature limits.
Khan, Shaukat,Ul-Islam, Mazhar,Ullah, Muhammad Wajid,Kim, Yeji,Park, Joong Kon Springer-Verlag 2015 CELLULOSE Vol.22 No.4
<P>This study explores the biocompatible behavior of bacterial cellulose (BC) composites with the highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). To synthesize this novel composite, we utilized an ex situ penetration method, whereby never-dried BC sheets were incubated with aqueous PEDOT: PSS solution. The resulting composite films were characterized using several analytical tools. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy illustrated the impregnation of PEDOT: PSS into the BC matrix, while the uniform dispersion of PEDOT: PSS in the composites was confirmed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The conductivity of the PEDOT: PSS incorporated BC was 7.3 9 10(-2) +/- 0.021 S/cm with 29.37 +/- 2.13 weight percentage (wt%) of PEDOT: PSS. The biocompatibility of the BC-PEDOT: PSS film was tested against animal fibroblast cells. The composites showed excellent cell adhesion and proliferation. The animal cells showed filopodia formation and interconnectivity during 3 days of incubation. The cytotoxicity of the BC-PEDOT:PSS film was also assayed, confirming the non-toxic nature of this composite. Taken together, our results demonstrate that this novel biocompatible BC-PEDOT:PSS composite could potentially be used for biomedical applications, particularly in the biosensors, drug delivery devices, neural implants, and tissue engineering fields.</P>