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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Shama SINGH (검색결과 3 건)
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Fitness consequences of body melanization in Drosophila immigrans from montane habitats
Shama Singh,Seema RAMNIWAS,Ravi PARKASH 한국곤충학회 2009 Entomological Research Vol.39 No.3
We investigated eight populations of Drosophila immigrans from low to high montane localities (600–2202 m) for altitudinal variations in abdominal melanization and fitness-related traits (desiccation resistance, copulation duration, and fecundity). On the basis of common garden experiments, persistence between-population differences at 21°C suggests that observed variations in fitness-related traits have a genetic basis. Parent–offspring regression analyses showed higher heritability (h2= 0.77) for melanization patterns on all the abdominal tergites. All the traits showed significantly higher repeatability across generations. Under colder and drier environments in dispersed montane localities, abdominal melanization and desiccation resistance significantly increased (1.5–1.9 fold) along altitude. Thus, there are correlated effects of abdominal melanization on desiccation resistance. Genetic correlations, based on family means, were significantly high between abdominal melanization and other fitness traits. Furthermore, darker flies along increasing altitude resulted in a 35–40% increase in copulation duration as well as fecundity. There are significantly positive correlations of abdominal melanization with copulation duration as well as fecundity on the basis of within- as well as between-population variations. Such observations are in agreement with the thermal budget hypothesis. Present data suggest that changes in body melanization impact fitness-related traits in montane populations of Drosophila immigrans.
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Subhash RAJPUROHIT,Ravi PARKASH,Shama SINGH,Seema RAMNIWAS 한국곤충학회 2008 Entomological Research Vol.38 No.4
During the past two to three decades, Drosophila ananassae, a warm adapted tropical species, has invaded low to mid altitude localities in the western Himalayas. Due to its cold sensitivity, this species had never been recorded from higher latitudes as well as altitudes in India to the 1960s. A latitudinal cline in this desiccation-sensitive species corresponds with southern humid tropical localities rather than northern drier subtropical localities. An extension of its cline into lowland to midland montane localities has resulted due to global climatic change as well as local thermal effects through anthropogenic impact. However, D. ananassae populations at species borders are characterized by lower genetic variability for body melanization as well as for desiccation resistance. There is a lack of thermal plastic effects for body melanization, and the observed extended cline might represent evolutionary (genetic) response due to selection pressure imposed by drier habitats. A comparison of fecundity, hatchability and viability at three growth temperatures (17, 20 and 25°C) showed significant reduction in trait values at 17 °C in D. ananassae. Thus, its recent range expansion into northern montane localities might involve genetic effects on stress-related traits and plastic effects on life history traits. We suggest that D. ananassae could serve as an indicator species for analyzing range expansion under changing climatic conditions.
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Controlling Intestinal Infections and Digestive Disorders Using Probiotics
Sanjeev Kumar,Md Faruque Ahmad,Priyakshi Nath,Rubina Roy,Rudrarup Bhattacharjee,Eman Shama,Indira Gahatraj,Manisha Sehrawat,Vaishali Dasriya,Harmeet Singh Dhillon,Monica Puniya,Mrinal Samtiya,Tejpal D 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Journal of medicinal food Vol.26 No.10
After consumption, probiotics provide health benefits to the host. Probiotics and their metabolites havetherapeutic and nutritional properties that help to alleviate gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular problems. Probioticsstrengthen host immunity through various mechanisms, including improved gut barrier function, receptor site blocking,competitive exclusion of pathogens, and the production of bioactive molecules. Emerging evidence suggests that intestinalbowel diseases can be fatal, but regular probiotic consumption can alleviate disease symptoms. The use and detailed descriptionof the health benefits of probiotics to consumers in terms of reducing intestinal infection, inflammation, and digestivedisorders are discussed in this review. The well-designed and controlled studies that examined the use of probiotics to reducelife-threatening activities caused by intestinal bowel diseases are also covered. This review discussed the active principles andpotency of probiotics as evidenced by the known effects on host health, in addition to providing information on the mechanismof action.
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