Real Gas Effects of Supercritical CO₂ Flow through a Supersonic Nozzle Senthil kumar Raman and Heuy Dong Kim

Senthil kumar Raman,Heuy Dong Kim 대한기계학회 2016 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2016 No.12

The unique characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO₂) are reason enough to find its use in various engineering applications. But still usability of SCO₂ is not completely explored due to lack of knowledge about its real gas effects. The present study mainly addresses the real gas effects on supercritical CO₂ flow through a supersonic convergent-divergent nozzle. With series of theoretical equations which are based on one-dimensional gas dynamics theory, computer program has been developed to predict the compressible flow characteristics of supercritical CO₂. With the data obtained from the computer program, properties of supercritical CO₂ near critical point is theoretically analyzed with different EOS. Computational analysis also has been carried out to reasonably predict the SCO₂ flows. The deviation in prediction of properties of SCO₂ by a EOS from other one is addressed. Several types of the equations of state were applied to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. For effective use of available EOS, an attempt is made by coupling ideal gas EOS and real gas EOS to analyze the real gas effect of SCO₂. These results are compared with the computational results of SCO₂ flow through convergent divergent nozzle with a single real gas EOS. The obtained solutions were used to investigate the generic features of supercritical CO₂ flow, in terms of shock wave location, flow choking, total pressure loss, pressure recovery, etc.

A Simple Method for Solving Type-2 and Type-4 Fuzzy Transportation Problems

Senthil Kumar, P. Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.16 No.4

In conventional transportation problem (TP), all the parameters are always certain. But, many of the real life situations in industry or organization, the parameters (supply, demand and cost) of the TP are not precise which are imprecise in nature in different factors like the market condition, variations in rates of diesel, traffic jams, weather in hilly areas, capacity of men and machine, long power cut, labourer's over time work, unexpected failures in machine, seasonal changes and many more. To counter these problems, depending on the nature of the parameters, the TP is classified into two categories namely type-2 and type-4 fuzzy transportation problems (FTPs) under uncertain environment and formulates the problem and utilizes the trapezoidal fuzzy number (TrFN) to solve the TP. The existing ranking procedure of Liou and Wang (1992) is used to transform the type-2 and type-4 FTPs into a crisp one so that the conventional method may be applied to solve the TP. Moreover, the solution procedure differs from TP to type-2 and type-4 FTPs in allocation step only. Therefore a simple and efficient method denoted by PSK (P. Senthil Kumar) method is proposed to obtain an optimal solution in terms of TrFNs. From this fuzzy solution, the decision maker (DM) can decide the level of acceptance for the transportation cost or profit. Thus, the major applications of fuzzy set theory are widely used in areas such as inventory control, communication network, aggregate planning, employment scheduling, and personnel assignment and so on.

A Simple Method for Solving Type-2 and Type-4 Fuzzy Transportation Problems

P. Senthil Kumar 한국지능시스템학회 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.16 No.4

In conventional transportation problem (TP), all the parameters are always certain. But, many of the real life situations in industry or organization, the parameters (supply, demand and cost) of the TP are not precise which are imprecise in nature in different factors like the market condition, variations in rates of diesel, traffic jams, weather in hilly areas, capacity of men and machine, long power cut, labourer’s over time work, unexpected failures in machine, seasonal changes and many more. To counter these problems, depending on the nature of the parameters, the TP is classified into two categories namely type-2 and type-4 fuzzy transportation problems (FTPs) under uncertain environment and formulates the problem and utilizes the trapezoidal fuzzy number (TrFN) to solve the TP. The existing ranking procedure of Liou and Wang (1992) is used to transform the type-2 and type-4 FTPs into a crisp one so that the conventional method may be applied to solve the TP. Moreover, the solution procedure differs from TP to type-2 and type-4 FTPs in allocation step only. Therefore a simple and efficient method denoted by PSK (P. Senthil Kumar) method is proposed to obtain an optimal solution in terms of TrFNs. From this fuzzy solution, the decision maker (DM) can decide the level of acceptance for the transportation cost or profit. Thus, the major applications of fuzzy set theory are widely used in areas such as inventory control, communication network, aggregate planning, employment scheduling, and personnel assignment and so on.

Bioinformatics and Systems Biology : Microarray analysis of Gα13-/-knockout embryos reveals perturbations in Gα13 signaling related to hypoxia and angiogenesis

( Senthil Kumar M ),( Ji Hwan Park ),( Gwang Lee ),( Sang Dun Choi ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2008 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

A Review of Energy-Efficient Secured Routing Algorithm for IoT-Enabled Smart Agricultural Systems

Kumar C. Senthil,Anand R. Vijay 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.3

Purpose Food security is the most concerning term nowadays with the increase in world population. The increase in population leads to the conversion of farmland into houses, and unpredictable natural disasters bring down the production of food. This might have increased the usage of smart agriculture with the employment of the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data solutions. Methods Traditional agriculture methods are being migrated by requiring smart IoT technologies. Monitoring, maintenance performance, and cost are controlled using modern technologies. In modern agriculture, aerial imagery and satellites play a significant role. The agriculture-related information, such as water level, soil nutrition levels, soil PH, humidity, and temperature, is measured via an accurate agriculture sensor monitoring network in which the computers and phones remotely monitor their crop, and the details are updated to the farmers. This smart agriculture might have increased productivity and operational efficiency to a great extent. The IoT combines most of the traditional technologies and thus increases productivity. Results In this paper, we present the literature review of an IoT-based energy-efficient secured routing protocol applied to the smart agriculture field. We have taken papers from different publishers like IEEE, Springer, Elsevier, and others and reviewed their limitations and advantages. The reviewed papers include protocols such as MAC, cross-layer, LEACH, multihop, and artificial intelligence (AI). Conclusions This study will help guide the researchers to contribute their works to this most trending and needed topic to enhance the productivity and energy efficiency of agricultural products securely for a sustainable future.

Correction: A Review of Energy-Efficient Secured Routing Algorithm for IoT-Enabled Smart Agricultural Systems

Kumar C. Senthil,Anand R. Vijay 한국농업기계학회 2024 바이오시스템공학 Vol.49 No.1

Electrochemical Sensing Using Quantum-Sized Gold Nanoparticles

Kumar, S. Senthil,Kwak, Kyuju,Lee, Dongil American Chemical Society 2011 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.83 No.9

<P>This paper describes the electrocatalytic activity of quantum-sized thiolate protected Au<SUB>25</SUB> nanoparticles and their use in electrochemical sensing. The Au<SUB>25</SUB> film modified electrode exhibited excellent mediated electrocatalytic activity that was utilized for amperometric sensing of biologically relevant analytes, namely, ascorbic acid and uric acid. The electron transfer dynamics in the Au<SUB>25</SUB> film was examined as a function of Au<SUB>25</SUB> concentration, which manifested the dual role of Au<SUB>25</SUB> as an electronic conductor as well as a redox mediator. The electron transfer study has further revealed the correlation between the electronic conductivity of the Au<SUB>25</SUB> film and the sensing sensitivity.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancham/2011/ancham.2011.83.issue-9/ac200384w/production/images/medium/ac-2011-00384w_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ac200384w'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

(Invited) Electrochemical Sensing Using Molecule-like Gold Nanoclusters

Kumar, S. Senthil,Kwak, Kyuju,Lee, Dongil The Electrochemical Society 2016 ECS Transactions Vol.75 No.16

<P>Quantum-sized gold nanoclusters of size <2 nm possess unique and size-dependent redox behavior. Au<SUB>25</SUB> nanoclusters (Au<SUB>25</SUB>NCs), in particular exhibit redox potentials closer to conventionally used mediators such as ferrocyanide and ferrocene and hence our objective was to utilize these clusters as mediators in the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. We have prepared modified electrodes containing Au<SUB>25</SUB>NCs and tested their electrocatalytic activity and amperometric sensing behavior. Au<SUB>25</SUB>NCs have behaved as an electronic conductor and redox mediator as well. Further, we have tuned the electrostatic charge on these clusters by using glutathione ligand and improved the selectivity of the modified electrode towards charged analytes. Finally, in order to examine the utility of the Au<SUB>25</SUB>NCs in electrochemical biosensing, an ionic liquid containing Au<SUB>25</SUB>NC has been prepared (Au<SUB>25</SUB>IL). The composite of Au<SUB>25</SUB>IL and glucose oxidase enzyme has exhibited to be an excellent biosensor towards the determination of glucose.</P>

An Energy and Deadline-Aware Scheduler with Hybrid Optimization in Virtualized Clouds

Senthil Kumar Kandasamy,Anandamurugan Selvaraj 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.6

For virtualized cloud computing systems, energy conservation is a major challenge. It leads to several advantages like reducing running costs, protecting the environment, and bringing down running costs. Simultaneously, a strategy for energy-efficient task scheduling can be a suitable method to attain these objectives. Another major challenge during scheduling is mapping cloud resources to various user requests within a user-defined deadline with minimal consumption of cloud resources. In this work, using intelligent metaheuristic algorithms for processing the requests and tasks of users to maintain deadlines and to minimize the energy usage is proposed. This work proposed an energy and deadline aware scheduling method in a heterogeneous and virtualized cloud for resolving energy consumption issues. For this work, a mutated particle swarm optimization (PSO), mutated artificial bee colony (ABC), and hybrid ABC–PSO were used to reduce the average makespan, increasing the resource utilization under a constraint of a deadline. For this model, the tasks are arranged in an ascending order based on the priority of length, label the state of the VM, thus achieving the constraint of a deadline after which the tasks are mapped to a VM with a minimum processing time. The idea behind the proposed algorithm was improving both scheduling and deadline in cloud computing using both local and global algorithms. The outcome of the simulation shows that the method will help in attaining good performance compared to the current techniques.

Multiobjective optimization process of Ti6Al4V alloy using MWCNTs dispersed cutting fluid in turning operation

Senthil Kumar L,Savadamuthu L,Manivel C 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2022 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.23 No.4

Turning is one of the precise machining processes, which are widely used at present for many industrial applications. Titaniumalloy Ti6Al4V is widely implemented in the field of aerospace, structural, automotive and biomedical applications. In thisstudy, the most significant factor of Cutting Force, Cutting Temperature and Material Removal Rate is considered the mostresponsible for determining the desirable input factors to the titanium Ti6Al4V alloy in the turning process. Initially, the designof the experiment was conducted for speed, cutting feed, axial depth of cut and the environmental eco-friendly coolant oilconcentration of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes nano-fluid are input parameters of machining process were studied inturning of titanium Ti6Al4V alloy to achieve sustainable production. Desirability Function Analysis was used to predict themathematical model and ANOVA was used to analyze the contribution percentages of the machining parameters. Since theinfluence of the machining parameters of the Cutting Force, Tool Temperature and Material Removal Rate are conflicting innature; the problem was considered a Multi-objective evaluator algorithm-based analysis of the problem. Hence, DesirabilityFunction Analysis was adapted to predict the optimal set of input parameters. The interactive plots reveal that MWCNT’snanofluid improves the result in terms of the maximum rate of removed material with minimum cutting force and cuttingtemperature. Based on multi-objective optimizations of RSM based DFA the optimal results confirm that 1% of MWCNT’sconcentration reduces the cutting temperature and improves the removal of material when MWCNTs are used as cutting fluid.