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Agroinfiltration-based Potato Virus X Replicons to Dissect the Requirements of Viral Infection
Park, Sang-Ho,Kim, Kook-Hyung The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.4
Extensive research of the Potato virus X(PVX) has been performed in in vitro transcription system using the bacteriophage T7 promoter. We constructed an efficient T-DNA based binary vector, pSNU1, and modified vectors carrying PVX replicons. The suitability of the construct to transiently express PVX RNA using Agrobacterium tumefaciens was tested by analysis of infectivity in plants. The expressed PVX RNA was infectous and systemically spread in three plant species including Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc, and Capsicum annuum cv. Chilsungcho. The PVX full length construct, pSPVXp31, was caused severe mosaic symptoms on N. benthamiana, severe necrotic lesions on C. annuum while milder symptoms and delayed mosaic symptoms were appeared on the systemic leaves on N. tabaccum. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the presence of PVX RNAs on both inoculated and systemic leaves in all three plant species tested. Our results indicated that PVX replicons were efficiently expressed PVX RNA in at least three tested species. Further investigation win be needed to elucidate the mechanism of PVX replication, translation, movement and assembly/disassembly processes.
Toxicity Study of Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccine Administrated Subcutaneously in Rats
Park, Sin-Jeong,Seo, Kook-Heon,Han, Sang-In Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2011 Toxicological Research Vol.28 No.2
This study was performed to evaluate the toxicity of polysaccharide-based Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine in Specific Pathogen Free (SPF), Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. S. pneumoniae vaccine was administrated subcutaneously each dose level of high (560 ${\mu}g$/rat), medium (280 ${\mu}g$/rat) and low (140 ${\mu}g$/rat) on days 0, 14, 28. The rats were observed for 2 weeks or 4 weeks after the final injection. During this test, there were no significant dose-dependent changes in body weight, water and food consumption. In urinalysis and serum chemistry, dose-related changes were not detected. In hematology, the percent of neutrophils and lymphocytes in white blood cells were changed significantly. According to the measurement of organ weight, only spleen weight was significantly increased in all groups of administration compared to the control group. In the histopathological examination, an antigen-deposit, vacuolated macrophages, infiltrated inflammatory cells and a formation of granulation tissue were observed at the site of an administration. These results are considered as an outcome by immune responses through a vaccination. Consequently, the results of this study demonstrated that S. pneumoniae vaccine has no toxicity when it was administrated subcutaneously three times in 2-week interval at a high dose of 560 ${\mu}g$/rat.
<i>Arthrobacter bambusae</i> sp. nov., isolated from soil of a bamboo grove
Park, YongJin,Kook, MooChang,Ngo, Hien T. T.,Kim, Ki-Young,Park, Sang-Yong,Mavlonov, Gafurjon T.,Yi, Tae-Hoo International Union of Microbiological Societies 2014 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.64 No.9
<P>A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile by gliding, rod-shaped bacterial strain, THG-GM18<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from soil of a bamboo grove. Strain THG-GM18<SUP>T</SUP> was able to grow in the presence of up to 6.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4–37 °C and at pH 7.0–10.0 in R2A medium. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain THG-GM18<SUP>T</SUP> was closely related to species of the genus <I>Arthrobacter</I>. The most closely related strains to strain THG-GM18<SUP>T</SUP> are <I>Arthrobacter ramosus</I> CCM 1646<SUP>T</SUP> (98.5 % similarity), <I>Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus</I> G2-1<SUP>T</SUP> (98.4 %), <I>Arthrobacter nicotinovorans</I> DSM 420<SUP>T</SUP> (98.2 %), <I>Arthrobacter aurescens</I> DSM 20116<SUP>T</SUP> (98.1 %) and <I>Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus</I> A6<SUP>T</SUP> (98.0 %). Strain THG-GM18<SUP>T</SUP> possessed chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of members of the genus <I>Arthrobacter</I>, such as peptidoglycan type A3α (<SMALL>l</SMALL>-Lys–<SMALL>l</SMALL>-Ala–<SMALL>l</SMALL>-Thr–<SMALL>l</SMALL>-Ala), MK-9 as major menaquinone and anteiso- and iso-branched compounds (anteiso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB>, iso-C<SUB>16 : 0</SUB> and anteiso-C<SUB>17 : 0</SUB>) as major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phosphoglycolipid, unidentified phospholipids, unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified glycolipid and unidentified lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.0 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain THG-GM18<SUP>T</SUP> and its closest phylogenetic neighbours were below 26.0 %. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the differentiation of strain THG-GM18<SUP>T</SUP> from species of the genus <I>Arthrobacter</I> with validly published names. <I>Arthrobacter bambusae</I> sp. nov. is the proposed name, and the type strain is THG-GM18<SUP>T</SUP> ( = KACC 17531<SUP>T</SUP> = JCM 19335<SUP>T</SUP>).</P>
Sung, Jung-Suk,Park, In-Kook The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2005 Integrative biosciences Vol.9 No.2
Oxidized abasic residues arise as a major class of DNA damage by a variety of agents involving free radical attack and oxidation of deoxyribose sugar components. 2-deoxyribonolactone (dL) is a C1'-oxidized abasic lesion implicated in DNA strand scission, mutagenesis, and covalent DNA-protein cross-link (DPC). We show here that mammalian cell-free extract give rise to stable DPC formation that is specifically mediated by dL residue. When a duplex DNA containing dL at the site-specific position was incubated with cell-free extracts of Po ${\beta}-proficient$ and -deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, the formation of major dL-mediated DPC was dependent on the presence of DNA polymerase (Pol) ${\beta}$. Formation of dL-specific DPC was also observed with histones and FEN1 nuclease, although the reactivity in forming dL-mediated DPC was significantly higher with Pol ${\beta}$ than with histones or FEN1. DNA repair assay with a defined DPC revealed that the dL lesion once cross-linked with Pol ${\beta}$ was resistant to nucleotide excision repair activity of cell-free extract. Analysis of nucleotide excision repair utilizing a model DNA substrate containing a (6-4) photoproduct suggested that excision process for DPC was inhibited because of DNA single-strand incision at 5' of the lesion. Consequently DPC mediated by dL lesion may not be readily repaired by DNA excision repair pathway but instead function as unusual DNA damage causing a prolonged DNA strand break and trapping of the major base excision repair enzyme.
( Sung-woo Kim ),( Sung-woo Jung ),( Myong-won Seo ),( Hun-young Park ),( Jong-kook Song ) 한국운동영양학회 2019 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.23 No.4
[Purpose] The study aimed to determine the effects of bone-specific physical activity on body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and health-related physical fitness in middle-aged women. [Methods] One hundred eighty-six middle-aged women aged 31-49 years participated in this study. The subjects were divided into tertile groups according to the level of physical activity (low-score group, n=62; middle-score group, n=62; high-score group, n=62). Bone-specific physical activity participation was assessed using the bone-specific physical activity questionnaire. Body composition and BMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Health-related physical fitness test included isometric muscle strength (grip strength), muscular endurance (sit-ups), flexibility (sit and reach), and cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake [VO<sub>2max</sub>]). [Results] The high-score group had a significantly higher fat-free mass (p=.045, partial eta-squared value [ηp <sup>2</sup>]=.033) than the middle- and low-score groups, whereas the high-score group had significantly lower percent body fat (p=.005, ηp <sup>2</sup>=.056) than the other two groups. Whole-body BMD (p=.034, ηp <sup>2</sup>=.036) and lumbar BMD (p=.003, ηp <sup>2</sup>=.060) were significantly higher in the high-score group than in the low-score group. The high-score group performed significantly better for grip strength (p=.0001, ηp <sup>2</sup>=.101), sit-ups (p=.0001, ηp <sup>2</sup>=.108), and VO<sub>2max</sub> (p=.0001, ηp <sup>2</sup>=.092) than the other two groups. [Conclusion] The present study suggests that bone-specific physical activity could be useful in improving body composition, BMD, and health-related physical fitness in middle-aged women, significantly enhancing their BMD and health conditions.
Enhancing Location Estimation and Reducing Computation using Adaptive Zone Based K-NNSS Algorithm
( Sung-hak Song ),( Chang-hoon Lee ),( Ju-hyun Park ),( Kyo-jun Koo ),( Jong-kook Kim ),( Jongsun Park ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2009 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.3 No.1
The purpose of this research is to accurately estimate the location of a device using the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of IEEE 802.11 WLAN for location tracking in indoor environments. For the location estimation method, we adopted the calibration model. By applying the Adaptive Zone Based K-NNSS (AZ-NNSS) algorithm, which considers the velocity of devices, this paper presents a 9% improvement of accuracy compared to the existing K-NNSS-based research, with 37% of the K-NNSS computation load. The accuracy is further enhanced by using a Kalman filter; the improvement was about 24%. This research also shows the level of accuracy that can be achieved by replacing a subset of the calibration data with values computed by a numerical equation, and suggests a reasonable number of calibration points. In addition, we use both the mean error distance (MED) and hit ratio to evaluate the accuracy of location estimation, while avoiding a biased comparison.
OVERVIEW OF KSTAR INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEM
Park, Mi-Kyung,Kim, Kuk-Hee,Lee, Tae-Gu,Kim, Myung-Kyu,Hong, Jae-Sic,Baek, Sul-Hee,Lee, Sang-Il,Park, Jin-Seop,Chu, Yong,Kim, Young-Ok,Hahn, Sang-Hee,Oh, Yeong-Kook,Bak, Joo-Shik Korean Nuclear Society 2008 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.40 No.6
After more than 10 years construction, KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) had finally completed its assembly in June 2007, and then achieved the goal of first-plasma in July 2008 through the four month's commissioning. KSTAR was constructed with fully superconducting magnets with material of $Nb_3Sn$ and NbTi, and their operation temperatures are maintained below 4.5K by the help of Helium Refrigerator System. During the first-plasma operation, plasmas of maximum current of 133kA and maximum pulse width of 865ms were obtained. The KSTAR Integrated Control System (KICS) has successfully fulfilled its missions of surveillance, device operation, machine protection interlock, and data acquisition and management. These and more were all KSTAR commissioning requirements. For reliable and safe operation of KSTAR, 17 local control systems were developed. Those systems must be integrated into the logically single control system, and operate regardless of their platforms and location installed. In order to meet these requirements, KICS was developed as a network-based distributed system and adopted a new framework, named as EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System). Also, KICS has some features in KSTAR operation. It performs not only 24 hour continuous plant operation, but the shot-based real-time feedback control by exchanging the initiatives of operation between a central controller and a plasma control system in accordance with the operation sequence. For the diagnosis and analysis of plasma, 11 types of diagnostic system were implemented in KSTAR, and the acquired data from them were archived using MDSpius (Model Driven System), which is widely used in data management of fusion control systems. This paper will cover the design and implementation of the KSTAR integrated control system and the data management and visualization systems. Commissioning results will be introduced in brief.