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June-Yi Lee,J. Marotzke,G. Bala,L. Cao,S. Corti,J. P. Dunne,F. Engelbrecht,E. Fischer,J. C. Fyfe,C. Jones,A. Maycock,J. Mutemi,O. Ndiaye,S. Panickal,T. Zhou,Maycock,J. Mutemi,O. Ndiaye,S. Panickal,T. 한국기상학회 2021 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
The chapter 4 of Working Group I contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons from the near term (2021-2040),mid-term (2041-2060), and long term (2081-2100) out to the year 2300. The chapter assesses physical indicators of global climate change, such as global surface air temperature, global land precipitation, Arctic sea-ice area and global mean sea level. Furthermore, the chapter covers indices and patterns of properties and circulation not only for mean fields but also for modes of variability that have global significance. Changes are assessed relative to both the recent past (1995-2014) and the 1850-1900 approximation to the pre-industrial period. The projections assessed in the chapter are mainly based on a new range of scenarios, the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Additional lines of evidence enter the assessment, especially for change in globally averaged surface air temperature and global mean sea level, while assessment for changes in other quantities is mainly based on CMIP6 results. After section 4.2 on the methodologies used in the assessment, Section 4.3 assesses projected changes inkey global climate indicators throughout the 21<SUP>st</SUP> century. Section4.4. covers near-term climate change and Section 4.5 assesses mid-term andlong-term climate change. Section 4.6 addresses the climate implications of climate policies including patterns of climate change expected for various global warming levels, climate goals, overshoot, and path-dependence, as well as the climate response the climate response to mitigation, Carbon Dioxide Removal, and Solar Radiation Modification. Section 4.7 assesses very long-term changes up to 2300 and climate-change commitment and the potential for irreversibility and abrupt climate change. The chapter concludes with Section4.8 on the potential for low-probability-high-impact changes.
Design of nanocapacitors and associated materials challenges
S. Ramesh Ekanayake,Michael J. Ford,Michael B. Cortie 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.2-4
The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) projects that the spatial resolution of feature sizes inintegrated circuits is rapidly approaching nanoscopic dimensions. Consequently, there is an active interest in the design of nanoscalecircuit elements such as transistors, resistors, andcapacitors. The properties of materials used to fabricate capacitors pose animportant design factor, as with all circuit elements. We analyze the critical materials properties that would inuence engineeringnanocapacitors (nanoscopic capacitors), and show that at nanoscale, dielectric properties (dielectric constant, dielectric strength,and dielectric relaxation) determine the practicality of such capacitors.