The Identity of a Tanzanian Woman

Rasel Mpuya Madaha 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2010 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.28 No.-

This paper focuses on the identity of a Tanzanian woman and addresses several questions: what is the really identity of a Tanzanian woman; how does her identity reinforces woman’s oppression; will the identity of a Tanzanian woman change; what efforts are taken by them to improve their identity; is the potentiality of a woman’s power under explored? Accordingly, my experience as a Tanzanian man, researcher (rather anthropologist), teacher, consultant and program manager dealing with women and indeed a witness of many potentialities of Tanzanian women, is important and is used in this paper. In other words, methods such as participant observation, informal interviews and conversations with men and women, including 300 students, from Tanzania have been an important part of this paper. Moreover, the paper is nourished by in puts from my bellowed wife currently confused by the way American women wear and smoke; a behaviour considered unacceptable and only embraced by immoral women in Tanzania. Again, my daughter Miriam kept ignited my heart to write the article- her mother says “how comes a girl behaves like a boy: she is active destroying her dolls and often wants to touch our expensive digital TV instead”. Tanzanian women are expected to be calm. My Tanzanian experience, a lens of its own, has been facilitated by critical discourses on identity, feminism, beauty, globalization, post-colonialism, history, culture, nationalism, philosophy, development, colonialism and gender focusing on Tanzania and abroad. Social sciences data bases and references from UB library have been utilised and analysed using content analysis. Secondary data from NGO and Unpublished research, whereby I participated as team member or principal researcher, has also been used. Simply stated, Tanzanian women are diverse yet they have achieved great success as far as empowerment is concerned. However, challenges such as early marriage, modernization, domestic chores, acculturation, female genital mutilation, patriarchal values, and globalization remain a hurdle in women empowerment. Comically, dismissing of Tanzania women, by middle class feminists, western and local, as homogenous has led to under exploration of the potentiality of Tanzanian women. In fact, the role of Tanzanian women living in rural areas has not been accorded the required scholarship.

iTri: Index-based triangle listing in massive graphs

Rasel, M.K.,Han, Y.,Kim, J.,Park, K.,Tu, N.A.,Lee, Y.K. North-Holland [etc ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Information sciences Vol.336 No.-

<P>Triangle listing is a basic operator when dealing with many graph problems. However, in memory algorithms do not work well with recently developed massive graphs such as social networks because these graphs cannot be accommodated in the memory. Thus, external memory-based algorithms have been proposed recently, but these approaches still require frequent multiple scans of the whole graph on the disk and large volumes of calculations are performed that involve the whole graph during every iteration. In this study, we propose a novel index-based method for listing triangles in massive graphs. First, we present new notions for the vertex range index and potential cone vertex index. Next, we propose an index join-based triangle listing algorithm. Our method accesses the indexed data asynchronously and joins them to list triangles using a multi-threaded parallel processing technique. Based on experiments, we demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art solution methods by three to eight times in terms of the wall clock time. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

A Numerical Study of the Performance of a Contoured Shock Tube for Needle-free Drug Delivery

Rasel, Md. Alim Iftekhar,Kim, Heuy Dong The Korean Society of Visualization 2012 한국가시화정보학회지 Vol.10 No.2

In recent years a unique drug delivery system named as the transdermal drug delivery system has been developed which can deliver drug particles to the human skin without using any external needle. The solid drug particles are accelerated by means of high speed gas flow through a shock tube imparting enough momentum so that particles can penetrate through the outer layer of the skin. Different systems have been tried and tested in order to make it more convenient for clinical use. One of them is the contoured shock tube system (CST). The contoured shock tube consists of a classical shock tube connected with a correctly expanded supersonic nozzle. A set of bursting membrane are placed upstream of the nozzle section which retains the drug particle as well as initiates the gas flow (act as a diaphragm in a shock tube). The key feature of the CST system is it can deliver particles with a controllable velocity and spatial distribution. The flow dynamics of the contoured shock tube is analyzed numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). To validate the numerical approach pressure histories in different sections on the CST are compared with the experimental results. The key features of the flow field have been studied and analyzed in details. To investigate the performance of the CST system flow behavior through the shock tube under different operating conditions are also observed.

Can Rural Women Networks Lead to Women Empowerment in Tanzania?

Rasel Madaha 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2011 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.29 No.-

Empowerment of women, and so is gender equality, is at the heart of the MDGs. Sadly, progress towards attainment of the same has been slow -moving on all fronts meaning that women and girls, especially in developing countries, continue to suffer. Accordingly, creation of new and strengthening of existing rural women networks, as argued in this paper, is necessary for women empowerment in Tanzania and elsewhere. Rural women networks do empower women by enhancing their capacity to make purposive choices and to transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes. Specifically, rural women network have served as a safety net where members share the risk among themselves; have provided an avenue for members to learn and apply new entrepreneurial skills; have served as a voice for women against atrocities committed to them in their specific locations-a task unlikely to be adequately addressed by government and politicians who are responsible to large populations; and finally have served as a means to foster communication between network members and development partners such as NGOs (local and international) and local government authorities. Besides, development agencies, especially those working in the Global South, find it easy to deal with networks of women as opposed to individuals. My experience as a Program Manager living in rural area of Tanzania has been important to this paper which focuses on JUWAKI, a Tanzanian rural women network with an outstanding performance.

A sandpaper assisted micro-structured polydimethylsiloxane fabrication for human skin based triboelectric energy harvesting application

Rasel, Mohammad Sala Uddin,Park, Jae-Yeong ELSEVIER 2017 APPLIED ENERGY -BARKING THEN OXFORD- Vol.206 No.-

<P>This paper reports a sandpaper based inexpensive and simple fabrication process of functional micro-structured PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) film to be used as a triboelectric layer. The micro-structured PDMS film was replicated directly from the low surface energy sandpaper template without the use of any surfactant coating, high vacuum or high-pressure equipment. A human skin and PDMS interaction based triboelectric generator (TEG) is demonstrated using as-fabricated micro-structured PDMS film. In our proposed TEG harvester, electrical energy is produced by continual contact-separation processes between PDMS and human skin. Four different micro-structures were compared with flat film and the influences of surface structures on the electrical output of the harvester are systematically studied. Results show that the existence of micro-structures on the PDMS films effectively enlarges the contact area and provides more surfaces for charge storage and hence improve the output performance of TEG. The as-fabricated prototype can produce peak-peak open-circuit voltage up to 103 V and 4.8 mW/m(2) of peak power density, which is exceptionally attractive for the fabrication of self-powered and portable devices. This stable PDMS film with functional micro-structures, which is fabricated using reusable sandpaper template facilitates robust and large-scale fabrication, and has potential for future applications in triboelectric energy harvesting devices.</P>

The Identity of a Tanzanian Woman: a Potentiality Under explored

Rasel Mpuya Madaha 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 아프리카연구소 2010 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.28 No.-

This paper focuses on the identity of a Tanzanian woman and addresses several questions: what is the really identity of a Tanzanian woman; how does her identity reinforces woman’s oppression; will the identity of a Tanzanian woman change; what efforts are taken by them to improve their identity; is the potentiality of a woman’s power under explored? Accordingly, my experience as a Tanzanian man, researcher (rather anthropologist), teacher, consultant and program manager dealing with women and indeed a witness of many potentialities of Tanzanian women, is important and is used in this paper. In other words, methods such as participant observation, informal interviews and conversations with men and women, including 300 students, from Tanzania have been an important part of this paper. Moreover, the paper is nourished by in puts from my bellowed wife currently confused by the way American women wear and smoke; a behaviour considered unacceptable and only embraced by immoral women in Tanzania. Again, my daughter Miriam kept ignited my heart to write the article‐ her mother says “how comes a girl behaves like a boy: she is active destroying her dolls and often wants to touch our expensive digital TV instead”. Tanzanian women are expected to be calm. My Tanzanian experience, a lens of its own, has been facilitated by critical discourses on identity, feminism, beauty, globalization, post‐colonialism, history, culture, nationalism, philosophy, development, colonialism and gender focusing on Tanzania and abroad. Social sciences data bases and references from UB library have been utilised and analysed using content analysis. Secondary data from NGO and Unpublished research, whereby I participated as team member or principal researcher, has also been used. Simply stated, Tanzanian women are diverse yet they have achieved great success as far as empowerment is concerned. However, challenges such as early marriage, modernization, domestic chores, acculturation, female genital mutilation, patriarchal values, and globalization remain a hurdle in women empowerment. Comically, dismissing of Tanzania women, by middle class feminists, western and local, as homogenous has led to under exploration of the potentiality of Tanzanian women. In fact, the role of Tanzanian women living in rural areas has not been accorded the required scholarship.

A study on the gas-solid particle flows in a needle-free drug delivery device

Rasel, M. A.,Taher, M. A.,Kim, H. D. Springer Science + Business Media 2013 Journal of thermal science Vol.22 No.4

Summarized bit batch-based triangle listing in massive graphs

Rasel, Mostofa Kamal,Elena, En,Lee, Young-Koo Elsevier science 2018 Information sciences Vol.441 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The presence of triangles in massive graphs provides many important uses in different graph algorithms, such as finding highly relevant vertices for dense subgraph mining, measuring the clustering coefficient, and computing the transitivity for network analysis. In-memory algorithms cannot be used for triangle listing in massive graphs because the graphs are too large to fit into memory. External memory-based techniques address this problem by focusing on the I/O efficiency to improve performance. However, triangulation is a CPU intensive process that iteratively joins lists of neighbors to determine the adjacent vertices in each triangle. Therefore, the cost of a triangle listing algorithm on a massive graph is dominated by the join operations among the lists of neighbors. In this paper, we propose a disk-based triangle listing approach that uses an efficient technique to join the lists of neighbors by exploiting CPU parallelism through bitwise operations. We represent the lists of neighbors using bit vectors and compress them using our proposed <I>summarized bit batch</I>, which allows the bitwise operations to be performed directly on the compressed data. Our proposed technique slices a bit vector into a series of <I>word length</I> bit batches that it summarizes by pruning the bit batches that contain only 0-bits. Then our proposed approach for listing the triangles asynchronously accesses the summarized bit batches and joins them using bitwise operations. Our proposed technique achieves 40% higher compression for some real world datasets compared to the classic compression technique. The triangulation technique using the summarized bit batches also significantly outperforms the existing solutions in terms of wall clock time.</P>

Can Rural Women Networks Lead to Women Empowerment in Tanzania?: A Case Study of Kinyangiri Entrepreneurial Women Association in Kinyangiri Division, Irimba District, Singida Region, Tanzania

Rasel Madaha 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 아프리카연구소 2011 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.29 No.-

Empowerment of women, and so is gender equality, is at the heart of the MDGs. Sadly, progress towards attainment of the same has been slow‐moving on all fronts meaning that women and girls, especially in developing countries, continue to suffer. Accordingly, creation of new and strengthening of existing rural women networks, as argued in this paper, is necessary for women empowerment in Tanzania and elsewhere. Rural women networks do empower women by enhancing their capacity to make purposive choices and to transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes. Specifically, rural women network have served as a safety net where members share the risk among themselves; have provided an avenue for members to learn and apply new entrepreneurial skills; have served as a voice for women against atrocities committed to them in their specific locations―a task unlikely to be adequately addressed by government and politicians who are responsible to large populations; and finally have served as a means to foster communication between network members and development partners such as NGOs (local and international) and local government authorities. Besides, development agencies, especially those working in the Global South, find it easy to deal with networks of women as opposed to individuals. My experience as a Program Manager living in rural area of Tanzania has been important to this paper which focuses on JUWAKI, a Tanzanian rural women network with an outstanding performance.

An impedance tunable and highly efficient triboelectric nanogenerator for large-scale, ultra-sensitive pressure sensing applications

Rasel, M. Salauddin,Maharjan, Pukar,Salauddin, Md.,Rahman, M. Toyabur,Cho, Hyun Ok,Kim, Jae Woo,Park, Jae Yeong Elsevier 2018 Nano energy Vol.49 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Precise triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with large-scale pressure sensing ability can be realized by effectively harvesting physical pressure. Extensive research on efficient pressure sensors is ongoing, yet the pressure detection limit and sensitivity of most of the reported pressure sensors are not satisfactory for practical and wearable device applications. Herein, we demonstrate a highly efficient approach toward detecting a wide range of pressures, from 5 kPa to 450 kPa, with a record high sensitivity of 0.51 V/kPa. We aim at maximizing the energy conversion efficiency of 48.17% by optimally tuning the internal impedance of the triboelectric nanogenerator at 2.5 MΩ, because low internal impedance results in high output power. This paper reports the structural design, fabrication, and experimental validation of a self-powered and highly durable TENG pressure sensor for large-scale pressure detection based on double-side tribological layers of micro-patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and PDMS-multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites. An in-sole application of the proposed TENG is demonstrated for varying foot pressures corresponding to different walking patterns, which is likely to be applicable in sports sciences, high-risk diabetic foot ulceration, and rehabilitation. Our present contribution not only facilitates large-scale pressure sensing but also paves the way toward the realization of next-generation self-powered and maintenance-free sensing devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator with record high pressure detection range (From 5 kPa to 450 kPa). </LI> <LI> A maximum of 0.51 V/kPa sensitivity. </LI> <LI> Up to 48.17% energy conversion efficiency. </LI> <LI> Low internal impedance of 2.5 MΩ. </LI> <LI> In-sole application. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>