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        Ameliorating properties of castor oil based polyurethane hybrid nanocomposites via synergistic addition of graphene and cellulose nanofibers

        Sachin Kumar,Preeti Tewatia,Sharmistha Samota,Gaurav Rattan,Anupama Kaushik 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.109 No.-

        Castor oil based polyurethanes were reinforced with cellulose nanofibers derived from hemp and graphenenanosheets to yield hybrid nanocomposites using ultrasonication coupled with high shear homogenization. Morphology of nanocomposites assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) andfield emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) elucidated 3D network of CNFs and GNS in polyurethanematrix. The paramount properties were obtained with equal amounts of CNFs and GNS attributedto higher degree of crystallinity. Thermal stability was evaluated using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), which exhibited a substantial increase in peak degradationtemperature by 24 C and glass transition temperature by 36 C, with mere addition of 1% CNFs and GNSeach. The mechanical properties improved by more than 400% attributed to the presence of interconnectingnetwork of GNS and CNFs, initiating enhanced interactions amongst polymer and nanofillers, establishedby X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Strong intermolecular bonding between the fillers andthe polymer matrix reduced the phase separation, facilitating migration of soft segments to the surfaceincreasing the water contact angle by 32. The decrease in surface energy and work of adhesion contributedto hydrophobicity of nanocomposites. The improved properties of hybrid nanocomposites ascertaintheir potential applications in protective coatings and automobile parts.

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