Thoracolumbar Vertebral Injuries with Neurological Deficit Treated with Posterior Decompression, Short Segment Pedicle Screw Fixation, and Interlaminar Fusion

Sachin Kumar,Satish Kumar,Rajender Kumar Arya,Avinash Kumar 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.6

Study Design: Prospective clinical study. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of interlaminar fusion and short segment pedicle screw fixation on thoracolumbar vertebral injuries for preventing pain and post-traumatic kyphosis. Overview of Literature: The treatment of thoracolumbar injuries continues to be one of the most controversial areas in spine care. The main aim of surgical treatment is to decompress the spinal cord or nerve roots, realign the spine, and correct or prevent posttraumatic kyphosis. We evaluated the outcome of interlaminar fusion along with posterior decompression and short segment pedicle screw fixation in patients with thoracolumbar fractures with neurological deficit. Methods: Twenty-two patients with traumatic thoracolumbar vertebral injuries and neurological deficit underwent short segment pedicle screw fixation above and below the fractured vertebrae, posterior decompression, and interlaminar fusion using a bone graft. Results: All patients were followed up for 12 months postoperatively. The average operative time and blood loss was 142 minutes and 214 mL, respectively. Of the 22 patients, 14 recovered completely. Of the nine patients with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade A disease, two improved by 1 grade, whereas one each improved by grades 2, 3, and 4, and four did not recover. Radiologically, vertebral kyphosis angle improved from 20.91 preoperatively to 15.73 postoperatively, sagittal index improved from 24.77 to 18.73, the sagittal plane kyphosis angle improved from 17.45 to 11.41, regional angle kyphosis improved from 14.73 to 10.14, the superior inferior end plate angle from 16.14 to 13.00, and mean anterior body compression improved from 36.26 to 27.64 postoperatively. No implant failed and no patient had neurological deterioration. Conclusions: Short segment pedicle screw fixation with posterior decompression and interlaminar fusion provided considerable reduction in kyphosis, restored the vertebral height of patients with thoracolumbar vertebral injuries and neurological deficit, and prevented development of delayed kyphotic deformity.

Improving Contrast in Random Grids Based Visual Secret Sharing

Sachin Kumar,R. K. Sharma 보안공학연구지원센터 2012 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.6 No.1

Safety of day-care therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound in the oldest old patients: A case series

Sachin Yadav,Praveen Kumar Sharma,Sudhir Kumar Singh,Atul Abhishek Jha,Reethesh,Anurag Garg 소화기인터벤션의학회 2022 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.11 No.3

In the modern era, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are increasingly being performed in day-care settings. The safety of these procedures in elderly admitted patients has been established in previous studies, but evidence for the safety of day-care ERCP/therapeutic EUS is limited. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of day-care ERCP/EUS in patients more than 80 years of age. All procedures were done under total intravenous anesthesia (ketamine- and propofol-based) and the intra-procedural and immediate postprocedural complications (within 6 hours) were noted. Thirty patients (24 male and 6 female) were enrolled. The most common indication for the procedure was choledocholithiasis (46.6%), followed by malignant stenosis (30.0%) and benign strictures (20.0%). One patient had transient desaturation during the procedure and two patients had hypotension. The dreaded complications of bleeding, perforation, or pancreatitis did not occur in any patients, and none required admission. In conclusion, day-care therapeutic ERCP/EUS is safe and cost-effective in the oldest old patients.

Safety of day-care therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound in the oldest old patients: A case series

Sachin Yadav,Praveen Kumar Sharma,Sudhir Kumar Singh,Atul Abhishek Jha,Reethesh,Anurag Garg 소화기인터벤션의학회 2022 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.11 No.3

In the modern era, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are increasingly being performed in day-care settings. The safety of these procedures in elderly admitted patients has been established in previous studies, but evidence for the safety of day-care ERCP/therapeutic EUS is limited. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of day-care ERCP/EUS in patients more than 80 years of age. All procedures were done under total intravenous anesthesia (ketamine- and propofol-based) and the intra-procedural and immediate postprocedural complications (within 6 hours) were noted. Thirty patients (24 male and 6 female) were enrolled. The most common indication for the procedure was choledocholithiasis (46.6%), followed by malignant stenosis (30.0%) and benign strictures (20.0%). One patient had transient desaturation during the procedure and two patients had hypotension. The dreaded complications of bleeding, perforation, or pancreatitis did not occur in any patients, and none required admission. In conclusion, day-care therapeutic ERCP/EUS is safe and cost-effective in the oldest old patients.

Metagenomic analysis reveals the prevalence and persistence of antibiotic- and heavy metal-resistance genes in wastewater treatment plant

Sachin Kumar Gupta,신한섭,한덕기,허호길,Tatsuya Unno 한국미생물학회 2018 The journal of microbiology Vol.56 No.6

The increased antibiotic resistance among microorganisms has resulted into growing interest for investigating the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as they are reported to be the major source in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) in the environment. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and persistence of ARGs and HMRGs as well as bacterial diversity and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in influent and effluent at the WWTP in Gwangju, South Korea, using high-throughput sequencing based metagenomic approach. A good number of broad-spectrum of resistance genes (both ARG and HMRG) were prevalent and likely persistent, although large portion of them were successfully removed at the wastewater treatment process. The relative abundance of ARGs and MGEs was higher in effluent as compared to that of influent. Our results suggest that the resistance genes with high abundance and bacteria harbouring ARGs and MGEs are likely to persist more through the treatment process. On analyzing the microbial community, the phylum Proteobacteria, especially potentially pathogenic species belonging to the genus Acinetobacter, dominated in WWTP. Overall, our study demonstrates that many ARGs and HMRGs may persist the treatment processes in WWTPs and their association to MGEs may contribute to the dissemination of resistance genes among microorganisms in the environment.

Hierarchical nanohoneycomb-like CoMoO₄-MnO₂ core-shell and Fe₂O₃ nanosheet arrays on 3D graphene foam with excellent supercapacitive performance

Kumar, Sachin,Saeed, Ghuzanfar,Kim, Nam Hoon,Lee, Joong Hee The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.6 No.16

<P>Recently, graphene-based three-dimensional (3D) architectures have attracted a lot of attention because of their multifunctional properties. In this paper, we report on hierarchical nanohoneycomb-like CoMoO4-MnO2 core-shell and Fe2O3 nanosheet arrays on 3D graphene foam (GF) and explore their use as a binder-free electrode in supercapacitor applications. The GF was prepared by solution casting on a Ni foam scaffold. The nanohoneycomb-like CoMoO4-MnO2 core-shell nanosheet arrays were prepared by a hydrothermal method under optimized conditions. The unique core-shell network provides efficient space and a short diffusion length for faradaic reactions. The as-synthesized CoMoO4-MnO2@GF hybrid electrode exhibits excellent areal and specific capacitances of 8.01 F cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and 2666.7 F g<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively, at a current density of 3 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. In addition, Fe2O3@GF was also prepared using a hydrothermal process followed by hydrogen treatment. Under optimized conditions Fe2O3@GF exhibits a high areal capacitance of 1.26 (572.7 F g<SUP>−1</SUP>) F cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. The asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) assembled from CoMoO4-MnO2@GF as the positive electrode and Fe2O3@GF as the negative electrode delivers an excellent specific capacitance of 237 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> and a high rate capability of 61%. Moreover, the as-fabricated ASC also exhibits an ultra-high energy density of 84.4 W h kg<SUP>−1</SUP> and an outstanding power density of 16 122 W kg<SUP>−1</SUP> as well as an exceptional capacitance retention of 92.1% after 10 000 cycles.</P>

Comparison of de‑novo assembly tools for plasmid metagenome analysis

Sachin Kumar Gupta,Shahbaz Raza,Tatsuya Unno 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.9

Background With the advent of next-generation sequencing techniques, culture-independent metagenome approaches have now made it possible to predict possible presence of genes in the environmental bacteria most of which may be non-cultivable. Short reads obtained from the deep sequencing can be assembled into long contigs some of which include plasmids. Plasmids are the circular double stranded DNA in bacteria and known as one of the major carriers of antibiotic resistance genes. Objective Metagenomic analyses, especially focused on plasmids, could help us predict dissemination mechanisms of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. However, with the availability of a myriad of metagenomic assemblers, the selection of the most appropriate metagenome assembler for the plasmid metagenome study might be challenging. Therefore, in this study, we compared five open source assemblers to suggest most effective way of plasmid metagenome analysis. Methods IDBA-UD, MEGAHIT, SPAdes, SOAPdenovo2, and Velvet are compared for conducting plasmid metagenome analyses using two water samples. Results Our results clearly showed that abundance and types of antibiotic resistance genes on plasmids varied depending on the selection of assembly tools. IDBA-UD and MEGAHIT demonstrated the overall best assembly statistics with high N50 values with higher portion of longer contigs. Conclusion These two assemblers also detected more diverse plasmids. Among the two, MEGAHIT showed more memory efficient assembly, therefore we suggest that the use of MEGAHIT for plasmid metagenome analysis may offer more diverse plasmids with less computer resource required. Here, we also summarized a fundamental plasmid metagenome work flow, especially for antibiotic resistance gene investigation.

Ameliorating properties of castor oil based polyurethane hybrid nanocomposites via synergistic addition of graphene and cellulose nanofibers

Sachin Kumar,Preeti Tewatia,Sharmistha Samota,Gaurav Rattan,Anupama Kaushik 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.109 No.-

Castor oil based polyurethanes were reinforced with cellulose nanofibers derived from hemp and graphenenanosheets to yield hybrid nanocomposites using ultrasonication coupled with high shear homogenization. Morphology of nanocomposites assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) andfield emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) elucidated 3D network of CNFs and GNS in polyurethanematrix. The paramount properties were obtained with equal amounts of CNFs and GNS attributedto higher degree of crystallinity. Thermal stability was evaluated using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), which exhibited a substantial increase in peak degradationtemperature by 24 C and glass transition temperature by 36 C, with mere addition of 1% CNFs and GNSeach. The mechanical properties improved by more than 400% attributed to the presence of interconnectingnetwork of GNS and CNFs, initiating enhanced interactions amongst polymer and nanofillers, establishedby X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Strong intermolecular bonding between the fillers andthe polymer matrix reduced the phase separation, facilitating migration of soft segments to the surfaceincreasing the water contact angle by 32. The decrease in surface energy and work of adhesion contributedto hydrophobicity of nanocomposites. The improved properties of hybrid nanocomposites ascertaintheir potential applications in protective coatings and automobile parts.

Effects of zolpidem on sleep parameters in patients with cirrhosis and sleep disturbances: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Manoj Kumar Sharma,Sumeet Kainth,Sachin Kumar,Ankit Bhardwaj,Hemant Kumar Agarwal,Rakhi Maiwall,Kapil Dev Jamwal,Saggere Muralikrishna Shasthry,Ankur Jindal,Ashok Choudhary,Lovkesh Anand,Rajender Mal 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.2

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to study the efficacy and safety of zolpidem for sleep disturbances in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: Fifty-two Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class A or B cirrhotics with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5 were randomized to either zolpidem 5 mg daily (n=26) or placebo (n=26) for 4 weeks. Results: The therapy of 4 weeks was completed by 23 patients receiving zolpidem (3 stopped treatment due to excessive daytime drowsiness) and 24 receiving placebo (2 refused to continue the study). In the zolpidem group, after 4 weeks of therapy, there was significant increase in total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency compared to baseline and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance (i.e., decrease in sleep latency time, decrease in wake time, and decreases in number of arousals and periodic limbs movements per hour of sleep), without any significant change in sleep architecture. Conclusions: Four weeks of 5 mg daily zolpidem in CTP class A or B cirrhosis patients with insomnia led to significant increases in TST and sleep efficiency and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance without any significant change in sleep architecture.

Conjugated linoleic acid producing potential of lactobacilli isolated from goat (AXB) rumen fluid samples

Tyagi Amrish Kumar,Kumar Sachin,Choudhury Prasanta Kumar,Tyagi Bhawna,Tyagi Nitin 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.8

Objective: The present investigation was aimed to explore the potential of lactobacilli for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production, isolated from rumen fluid samples of lactating goats. Methods: A total of 64 isolates of lactobacilli were obtained using deMan-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) agar from rumen fluid of goats and further subjected to morphological and biochemical characterizations. Isolates found as gram-positive, catalase negative rods were presumptively identified as Lactobacillus species and further confirmed by genus specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The phylogenetic tree was constructed from the nucleotide sequences using MEGA6. Results: Out of the 64 isolates, 23 isolates were observed positive for CLA production by linoleate isomerase gene-based amplification and quantitatively by UV-spectrophotometric assay for the conversion of linoleic acid to CLA as well as gas chromatography-based assay. In all Lactobacillus species cis9, trans11 isomer was observed as the most predominant CLA isomer. These positive isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene-based PCR sequencing and identified to be different species of L. ingluviei (2), L.salivarius (2), L. curvatus (15), and L. sakei (4). Conclusion: The findings of the present study concluded that lactic acid bacteria isolated from ruminal fluid samples of goat have the potential to produce bioactive CLA and may be applied as a direct fed microbial to enhance the nutraceutical value of animal food products.