A Study on Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks

( Pradip Kumar Sharma ),( Seo Yeon Moon ),( Jong Hyuk Park ) 한국정보처리학회 2016 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.23 No.2

Wireless sensor networks offer an attractive solution to several environments, security, and process monitoring problems. However, one barrier for their full adoption is the need to provide electrical power over extended periods of time without the need of dedicated wiring. Energy harvesting offers good solutions to this problem in several applications. This paper surveys the energy requirements of typical sensor network nodes and summarizes the future research work in the field of energy harvesting resource allocation in wireless sensor networks.

Ultrahigh Electrical and Thermally Conductive Self-Aligned Graphene/Polymer Composite Using Large Area Graphene Oxide

Pradip Kumar,Faisal Shahzad,권태훈,유승건,홍순만,구종민 한국고분자학회 2015 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.10

Fabrication of Aligned and Conductive reduced Graphene Oxide/Polymer Nanocomposites Thin Film for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Pradip Kumar,Faisal Shahzad,홍순만,구종민 한국고분자학회 2015 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.4

Block-VN: A Distributed Blockchain Based Vehicular Network Architecture in Smart City

( Pradip Kumar Sharma ),( Seo Yeon Moon ),( Jong Hyuk Park ) 한국정보처리학회 2017 Journal of information processing systems Vol.13 No.1

In recent decades, the ad hoc network for vehicles has been a core network technology to provide comfort and security to drivers in vehicle environments. However, emerging applications and services require major changes in underlying network models and computing that require new road network planning. Meanwhile, blockchain widely known as one of the disruptive technologies has emerged in recent years, is experiencing rapid development and has the potential to revolutionize intelligent transport systems. Blockchain can be used to build an intelligent, secure, distributed and autonomous transport system. It allows better utilization of the infrastructure and resources of intelligent transport systems, particularly effective for crowdsourcing technology. In this paper, we proposes a vehicle network architecture based on blockchain in the smart city (Block-VN). Block-VN is a reliable and secure architecture that operates in a distributed way to build the new distributed transport management system. We are considering a new network system of vehicles, Block-VN, above them. In addition, we examine how the network of vehicles evolves with paradigms focused on networking and vehicular information. Finally, we discuss service scenarios and design principles for Block-VN.

SoftEdgeNet: SDN Based Energy-Efficient Distributed Network Architecture for Edge Computing

Sharma, Pradip Kumar,Rathore, Shailendra,Jeong, Young-Sik,Park, Jong Hyuk IEEE 2018 IEEE communications magazine Vol.56 No.12

<P>The volume of data traffic has increased exponentially due to the explosive growth of IoT devices and the arrival of many new IoT applications. Due to the large volume of data generated from IoT devices, limited bandwidth, high latency, and realtime analysis requirements, the conventional centralized network architecture cannot meet users requirements. Intensive real-time data analysis is one of the major challenges in current state-ofthe- art centralized architectures due to the ubiquitous deployment of different types of sensors. To address the current challenges and adhere to the principles of architectural design, we are proposing a SoftEdgeNet model, which is a novel SDN-based distributed layered network architecture with a blockchain technique for a sustainable edge computing network. At the fog layer, we introduce an SDN-based secure fog node architecture to mitigate security attacks and provide real-time analytics services. We are also proposing a flow rule partition, and allocation algorithm at the edge of the network. The evaluation result shows our proposed model allows for a significant improvement of the interactions in real time data transmission. In terms of the ability to mitigate flooding attacks, the bandwidth is maintained above 9 Mb/s until the attack rates exceed 2000 PPS in the hardware environment and the bandwidth remained almost unchanged in the software environment. In the case of scalability of the proposed model, our proposed algorithm has performed better and proceeded linearly with the increase in traffic volume.</P>

DistBlockNet: A Distributed Blockchains-Based Secure SDN Architecture for IoT Networks

Sharma, Pradip Kumar,Singh, Saurabh,Jeong, Young-Sik,Park, Jong Hyuk Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE communications magazine Vol.55 No.9

<P>The rapid increase in the number and diversity of smart devices connected to the Internet has raised the issues of flexibility, efficiency, availability, security, and scalability within the current IoT network. These issues are caused by key mechanisms being distributed to the IoT network on a large scale, which is why a distributed secure SDN architecture for IoT using the blockchain technique (DistBlockNet) is proposed in this research. It follows the principles required for designing a secure, scalable, and efficient network architecture. The DistBlockNet model of IoT architecture combines the advantages of two emerging technologies: SDN and blockchains technology. In a verifiable manner, blockchains allow us to have a distributed peer-to-peer network where non-confident members can interact with each other without a trusted intermediary. A new scheme for updating a flow rule table using a blockchains technique is proposed to securely verify a version of the flow rule table, validate the flow rule table, and download the latest flow rules table for the IoT forwarding devices. In our proposed architecture, security must automatically adapt to the threat landscape, without administrator needs to review and apply thousands of recommendations and opinions manually. We have evaluated the performance of our proposed model architecture and compared it to the existing model with respect to various metrics. The results of our evaluation show that DistBlockNet is capable of detecting attacks in the IoT network in real time with low performance overheads and satisfying the design principles required for the future IoT network.</P>

Standardization of grafting technique in Kusum [Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken]

Sarkar Pradip Kumar,Sinha Animesh,Dhakar M. K.,Das Bikash,Bhatt B. P. 한국산림과학회 2023 Forest Science And Technology Vol.19 No.1

The species, Schleichera oleosa (Kusum), holds an important place in the livelihood of tribal farmers in eastern region of India. It is getting popular due to its ethnobotanical values and its potential use as host plant for lac production. Its natural population and genetic variability is declining at faster rate due to deforestation and human interventions. Mass production of Kusum seedlings is a major challenge and moreover, auto-generation of heterozygous nature in plants calls for long term experiments for its genetic improvement which require huge monetary investments. Moreover, the factors like low quality and quantity planting materials and the problem of restricted growth in plants raised from seeds hinder the interest of the farmers. Hence, clonal propagation through grafting could be an option. The scientific knowledge on application and standardization of various approaches like girdling of scionstick branches, age of mother plant, rootstocks, etc. of Kusum are extremely limited. Keeping these in view, an experiment was conducted during 2018–2021 to standardize grafting technique in Kusum. The result revealed that grafting methods affected the graft’s success significantly. Cleft grafting was found to be the most successful (72.38% graft) than veneer grafting (64.46%). Moreover, the scions collected from tree aged <15 years showed maximum success in grafting (upto 86.23%). This study revealed the importance of girdling of scionstick branches, girdling age (3months), girdling-ring thickness (6–8mm), and selection of two years old rootstock to maximize graft success upto 86.25% in Kusum. Furthermore, season also play an important role in successful grafting. The period from April to June was the best time for grafting with 73.31% success.

OpCloudSec: Open cloud software defined wireless network security for the Internet of Things

Sharma, Pradip Kumar,Singh, Saurabh,Park, Jong Hyuk Elsevier 2018 Journal of Computer Communications Vol.122 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Cutting-edge cloud frameworks will require a paradigm shift in regards to how they are built and managed. Traditional management and control platforms face significant challenges in terms of security, reliability, and flexibility that these cutting-edge frameworks must deal with. On the other hand, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have become a weapon of choice for cyber-terrorists, cyber-extortionists, and hackers. Recently, the simplicity of programmability in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) makes it a good platform for the implementation of various initiatives that includes decentralized network management, dynamic topology changes, and application deployment in a multi-tenant data center environment. Motivated by the capabilities of SDN, we are proposing a mitigation architecture for security attacks that incorporates a highly programmable monitoring network so as to make it possible to identify attacks. It has a flexible control structure to quickly define the reaction of attacks and particular side, and we show how SDN can be used as a key application in the cloud IoT. We evaluated the performance of our proposed architecture and compared it with the existing models to obtain various performance measures. The results of our evaluation show that our OpCloudSec architecture model can efficiently and effectively meet the security challenges created by the new network paradigm.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We present the integration of SDN and cloud computing, which are applied into the IoT environment for efficient and better security management. </LI> <LI> We propose a mitigation architecture for security attacks that incorporates a highly programmable monitoring network to empower the identification of attacks. </LI> <LI> It has a flexible control structure to quickly define the reaction of attacks and particular side and show how SDN can be used as a key application in the cloud IoT. </LI> <LI> We performed a simulation study using real network traces. The outcomes showed that when it comes to dealing with new challenges, our OpCloudSec proposal is successful. </LI> <LI> The detection algorithm is quick enough for performing deduction line packages and accomplishes a high identification rate. </LI> </UL> </P>

Blockchain based hybrid network architecture for the smart city

Sharma, Pradip Kumar,Park, Jong Hyuk North-Holland 2018 Future generations computer systems Vol.86 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Recently, the concept of “Smart Cities” has developed considerably with the rise and development of the Internet of Things as new form of sustainable development. Smart cities are based on autonomous and distributed infrastructure that includes intelligent information processing and control systems heterogeneous network infrastructure, and ubiquitous sensing involving millions of information sources Due to the continued growth of data volume and number of connected IoT devices, however, issues such as high latency, bandwidth bottlenecks, security and privacy, and scalability arise in the current smart city network architecture. Designing an efficient, secure, and scalable distributed architecture by bringing computational and storage resources closer to endpoints is needed to address the limitations of today’s smart city network. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid network architecture for the smart city by leveraging the strength of emerging Software Defined Networking and blockchain technologies. To achieve efficiency and address the current limitations, our architecture is divided into two parts: core network and edge network. Through the design of a hybrid architecture, our proposed architecture inherits the strength of both centralized and distributed network architectures. We also propose a Proof-of-Work scheme in our model to ensure security and privacy. To evaluate the feasibility and performance of our proposed model, we simulate our model and evaluate it based on various performance metrics. The result of the evaluation shows the effectiveness of our proposed model.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We discuss the architectural challenges in the smart city network. </LI> <LI> We propose a novel hybrid architecture for the smart city network using SDN and blockchain techniques. </LI> <LI> We introduce the PoW scheme for a securely distributed smart city network. </LI> </UL> </P>

EH-HL: Effective Communication Model by Integrated EH-WSN and Hybrid LiFi/WiFi for IoT

Sharma, Pradip Kumar,Jeong, Young-Sik,Park, Jong Hyuk IEEE 2018 IEEE Internet of things journal Vol.5 No.3

<P>Technological advances over the last decade in the field of wireless communications have resulted in the improvement of small and low cost sensor nodes outfitted with wireless communication abilities capable of establishing wireless sensor network (WSN). Due to the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT), there are many areas in IoT application where WSN applications are found. These applications generally impose severe constraints on the lifetime of the WSN, which is expected to last several years. It is necessary to diminish the overall energy consumption of the sensor node and to find an additional source of energy for achieving this objective. On the other hand, due to the imminent crisis of the radio frequency spectrum, light fidelity (LiFi) offers many key benefits and effective solutions for these issues that have been postured in the most recent decade. In this paper, we propose a novel EH-HL model for future smart homes and industries based on the integration of energy harvesting WSN (EH-WSN) and hybrid LiFi/WiFi communication techniques. The proposed model is capable of efficiently transmitting data at high speed for bidirectional multidevice and by harvesting energy, we provide the power to the sensor nodes. To synchronize multidevice transmissions, transmit data and provide low-cost wireless communication, we used the color beams of the red, green, and blue LEDs. The result of the evaluation shows that the hybrid communication scheme is proposed in the EH-HL model. It also offers superior performance and achieves a data rate of 25 Mb/s for multiaccess/multiusers.</P>