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Active Galactic Nuclei: Unification, Blazar Variability and the Radio Galaxy/Cosmology Interface
Paul Wiita 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.4
We first review some basic properties of the most important classes of active galactic nuclei (AGN), including quasars, blazars, Seyfert galaxies and radio galaxies. The most commonly accepted type of scheme designed to individually unify the radio-loud and radio-quiet categories of AGN is based upon three parameters: black hole mass, accretion rate, and our orientation to the accretion flow. Some recent evidence from optical microvariability of several classes of AGN points in favor of a strong unification scheme that unites both radio-loud and radio-quiet categories. An important question concerning the nature of blazars and other AGN whose jet emission appears to dominate their spectral energy distributions involves the velocities of those flows. A variety of apparently contradictory observations can be reconciled if such flows are ultrarelativistic but have an opening angle of a few degrees. Radio galaxies (RGs) were much more numerous at redshifts 2 than they are today. Combining this fact with the realization that older RGs at such redshifts are very difficult to detect, and with cosmological simulations of the growth of structure in the universe has led us to propose that RG lobes have impacted a significant fraction of the cosmic web of baryons. These impacts may have triggered extensive star formation and perhaps even engendered new galaxies; they also probably played important roles in the spreading of magnetic fields and heavier elements into the intergalactic medium.
LOW-LEVEL RADIO EMISSION FROM RADIO GALAXIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LARGE SCALE STRUCTURE
KRISHNA GOPAL,WIITA PAUL J.,BARAI PARAMITA The Korean Astronomical Society 2004 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.37 No.5
We present an update on our proposal that during the 'quasar era' (1.5 $\le$ z $\le$ 3), powerful radio galaxies could have played a major role in the enhanced global star-formation, and in the widespread magnetization and metal pollution of the universe. A key ingredient of this proposal is our estimate that the true cosmological evolution of the radio galaxy population is likely to be even steeper than what has been inferred from flux-limited samples of radio sources with redshift data, when an allowance is made for the inverse Compton losses on the cosmic microwave background which were much greater at higher redshifts. We thus estimate that a large fraction of the clumps of proto-galactic material within the cosmic web of filaments was probably impacted by the expanding lobes of radio galaxies during the quasar era. Some recently published observational evidence and simulations which provide support for this picture are pointed out. We also show that the inverse Compton x-ray emission from the population of radio galaxies during the quasar era, which we inferred to be largely missing from the derived radio luminosity function, is still only a small fraction of the observed soft x-ray background (XRB) and hence the limit imposed on this scenario by the XRB is not violated.