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      • Different virulence of porcine and porcine-like bovine rotavirus strains with genetically nearly identical genomes in piglets and calves

        Park, Jun-Gyu,Kim, Hyun-Jeong,Matthijnssens, Jelle,Alfajaro, Mia Madel,Kim, Deok-Song,Son, Kyu-Yeol,Kwon, Hyoung-Jun,Hosmillo, Myra,Ryu, Eun-Hye,Kim, Ji-Yun,Cena, Rohani B,Lee, Ju-Hwan,Kang, Mun-Il,Pa BioMed Central 2013 Veterinary research Vol.44 No.-

        <P>Direct interspecies transmissions of group A rotaviruses (RVA) have been reported under natural conditions. However, the pathogenicity of RVA has never been directly compared in homologous and heterologous hosts. The bovine RVA/Cow-tc/KOR/K5/2004/G5P[7] strain, which was shown to possess a typical porcine-like genotype constellation similar to that of the G5P[7] prototype RVA/Pig-tc/USA/OSU/1977/G5P9[7] strain, was examined for its pathogenicity and compared with the porcine G5P[7] RVA/Pig-tc/KOR/K71/2006/G5P[7] strain possessing the same genotype constellation. The bovine K5 strain induced diarrhea and histopathological changes in the small intestine of piglets and calves, whereas the porcine K71 strain caused diarrhea and histopathological changes in the small intestine of piglets, but not in calves. Furthermore, the bovine K5 strain showed extra-intestinal tropisms in both piglets and calves, whereas the porcine K71 strain had extra-intestinal tropisms in piglets, but not in calves. Therefore, we performed comparative genomic analysis of the K71 and K5 RVA strains to determine whether specific mutations could be associated with these distinct clinical and pathological phenotypes. Full-length sequencing analyses for the 11 genomic segments for K71 and K5 revealed that these strains were genetically nearly identical to each other. Two nucleotide mutations were found in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of NSP5 and the 3′ UTR of NSP3, and eight amino acid mutations in VP1-VP4 and NSP2. Some of these mutations may be critical molecular determinants for RVA virulence and/or pathogenicity.</P>

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        Molecular epidemiology of Korean porcine sapeloviruses

        Son, Kyu-Yeol,Kim, Deok-Song,Matthijnssens, Jelle,Kwon, Hyoung-Jun,Park, Jun-Gyu,Hosmillo, Myra,Alfajaro, Mia Madel,Ryu, Eun-Hye,Kim, Ji-Yun,Kang, Mun-Il,Cho, Kyoung-Oh Springer-Verlag 2014 Archives of virology Vol.159 No.5

        <P>To evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine sapeloviruses (PSVs) in Korea, a total of 100 diarrhea fecal samples from pigs were analyzed by RT-PCR and nested PCR assays with primer pairs specific for the VP1 gene. Overall, 34 % of the diarrhea samples tested positive for PSV, and a high proportion of infections occurred along with a variety of other enteric viruses and bacteria. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 genes revealed pronounced genetic diversities between PSVs from Korean and elsewhere. Our results indicate that PSV infections are very common in Korean pigs with diarrhea. The infecting strains are genetically diverse.</P>

      • 소조사면 전량분포의 특성에 관한 고찰

        조정희,이상규,안승권,박재일,Cho JeongHee,Lee SangKyu,An SeungKwon,Park Jell 대한방사선치료학회 2004 大韓放射線治療技術學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

        목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 소조사면의 선량특성을 측정하며 콜리메이터의 위치에 따른 반음영의 변화와 중심선량의 분포양상을 측정하며 측외측정선량점의 변화에 따른 선량분포의 특성을 측정하여 최근 대두되고 있는 소조사면 방사선치료에 유용한 정보를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 대상 및 방법 : 지멘스의 Primart 선형가속기의 6MV에너지를 이용하였으며 측정은 Farmer chamber와 Pinpoint chamber를 이용하여 심부선량율과 beam profile, 중심출력선량의 변화를 측정하였다. 중심선속의 변화에 따른 에너지의 특성과 반음영의 변화를 외측으로 2cm 간격으로 측정하였다. 측정은 $1{\times}1cm,\;3{\times}3cm,\;5{\times}5cm,\;10{\times}10cm$에서 측정하였으며 결과는 표준조건하의 측정값과 비교, 분석하였다. 결과 : Farmer chamber와 Pinpoint chamber를 이용해 $1{\times}1cm$, 10cm깊이에서 측정한 결과 두 측정기간에 소조사면에서는 $30\%$ 이상의 차이를 보였으며 조사면의 크기가 증가함에 따라 두 측정기간의 차이는 급격히 감소했다. 측외측정점의 변화에 따른 선량분포는 큰 차이가 없었으나 조사야의 크기가 감소함에 따라 $1{\times}1cm$에서는 약 $13\%$의 차이를 보여 조사야 크기에 따른 변화가 큰 것으로 측정되었다. 전체조사면에서 반음영이 차지하는 비율도 조사면이 적어짐에 따라 높게 나타났으며 $1{\times}1cm$의 조사면에서는 약 $50\%$가 반음영이 점유하는 것으로 측정되었다. 결론 : 세기조절방사선 치료를 위해서는 각기 다른 에너지 분포를 갖는 여러 각도에서 다수의 조사면를 필요로 하며 여러 복잡한 인자들이 관여하게 된다. 여러 인자들 중에서도 콜리메이터의 형태 및 위치에 따른 출력선량의 변화 양상을 정확히 측정하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 실험결과에서도 알 수 있듯이 측정깊이와 조사면의 크기 및 측정기의 종류에 따른 측정값의 변화가 매우 크게 나타나므로 양질의 세기조절방사선 치료를 제공하기 위해서는 특히 소조사면의 선량분포에 대한 특성을 정확히 측정하는 것이 매우 중요하다. Purpose : The aim of this study is to investigate the properties of small field size and to measure the penumbra and central axis depth dose varying to the jaw setting and off axis distance for indicate this data to small field sizes radiation therapy. Material and methods : The percentage depth dose, beam profile and central axis output dose was measured by farmer type ion chamber and pinpoint chamber using Primart linac with 6MV energy. Beam quality and penumbra variations according to the central axis shift, from center to every 2cm outside increment, and field size, from $1{\times}1cm$ to $10{\times}10cm$ was investigated and compared with that of the standard geometrical condition's results Results : The differences of measured values between two ion chamber was about $37\%$ at 10cm depth with $1{\times}1cm$ field sizes but as field size increased this differences was diminished gradually. Measured data from various off axis distance with the different asymmetric collimations are not changed significantly but as size decreased the dose variation was increased and at $1{\times}1cm$ field size dose difference among off axis distance was as much as $13\%$, and as shallower the measured depth the central axis dose variations among the OAD was increased, penumbra was not changed noticeably depending on off axis distance but the percentage of penumbra from its initial field sizes was strongly dependant on field sizes and penumbra occupation rates of its own field sizes ranging from $6\%$ at $10{\times}10cm$ to $50\%$ at $1{\times}1cm$ field size. Conclusion : For imrt treatment, there are several numbers of different gentry angles with beams of nonuniform fluences are required and several complex factors involved. Among them the characteristics of beam output varying to the geometrical setting and design of collimators are of important to attaining a good treatment results. As mentioned in results the differences of measured values are changed significantly depends on ion chamber volume, depths and field size. For providing quality radiation treatment, especially at small field size, those factor's should have considering deliberately.

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