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박상민,박노백,전항배 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2004 建設技術論文集 Vol.23 No.1
The effects of HRT and SRT on nitrification in activated sludge system were investigated at the temperature range of 10 to 25℃. HRT and SRT for lab-scale aeration tank were varied in the range of 4.5 to 13 hours and 7.5 to 20 days, respectively. Continuous aeration tanks fed with domestic sewage were supplied with oxygen up to 5 ㎎/L for efficient nitrification. In the steady state of operation period, maximum specific ammonium utilization rate by nitrifiers was 0.08g-NH₄/g-VSSㆍday at 20t however nitrification rate declined with the decrease of temperature. According to the decrease of SRT as well as temperature, biomass in the aeration tanks also decreased. Therefore, operating SRT and HRT have to be extended at low temperature. With the fixation of SRT to 7.5 days, 13 hours or higher HRT was required to achieve the nitrification efficiency of 90% at 10℃. Furthermore, SRT of aeration tank affect nitrification efficiency more by the temperature changes. In spite of 20 days or higher SRT, nitrification efficiency was 60% below 15℃. Accordingly, nitrifiers in the activate sludge system required over 8 hours of HRT and 20 days of SRT for nitrifying the 60% of influent ammonia below 15℃, especially in winter season.
응집에 의한 생물학적 처리수의 색도 및 난분해성 유기물 제거
서태경, 박상민, 박노백, 임지영, 전항배 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2008 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 논문집 Vol.27 No.1
This study was to evaluate the optimum conditions for chemical coagulation to remove color and non-biodegradable organic matters from the biologically treated water of piggery wastewater. Raw water was fractionated by characteristics of dissolved organic matter. The fractions of hydrophilic substance and molecular weight cut-off(MWCO) below 500 in raw water were 51% and 74%, respectively. SC(streaming current) was measured to find out the optimum pH values and dosages for aluminium sulfate[Al₂(SO₄)₃·14H₂O] and ferric chloride[FeCl₃·6H₂O] as a coagulant, which was compared with color and turbidity removal efficiencies followed by coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation. From several jar tests, optimum pH values and dosages of coagulants were well matched with the results of SCD analyses. The optimum dosages(pH values) of aluminium and ferric were 5.84 mM(pH 4.0) and 7.03 mM(pH 5.6), respectively. At optimum conditions of coagulation, color removal efficiencies for aluminium sulfate and ferric chloride were as high as 89.3 and 97.9%, respectively. Chemical coagulation showed good performance to remove color and non-biodegradable organic matters from biologically treated water.
양식 수처리를 위한 생물막 공정에서 질산화 영향인자에 대한 고찰
박노백 ( Noh Back Park ),박미선 ( Mi Seon Park ),이진환 ( Jin Hwan Lee ),명정인 ( Jeong In Myeong ) 한국수산과학회 2013 한국수산과학회지 Vol.46 No.6
There have been many studies on biofilter process regarding satisfactory water quality and the operational conditions of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS). For effective nitrification processes, it is necessary to dynamically identify and apply nitrifying microorganisms. Physical, chemical and biological processes concerning biofilms can be applied and influential factors including substrate, dissolved oxygen concentrations, organic matter, temperature, pH, alkalinity, salinity and mixing velocity intensity need to be considered. Also, designing and managing the process based on the dynamic interpretation of these factors are prerequisites for engineering applications of the biofilter process. This paper draws on current literature on the kinetics of nitrification of biofilms in the biofilter process. Influential factors for nitrification are crucial during the biofilter process and are expected to be critical in informing the design and operation of recirculating aquaculture systems.
UASB 반응조와 SBR을 이용한 Anammox 공정의 발현
박노백 ( Noh Back Park ),박상민 ( Sang Min Park ),서태경 ( Tae Kyeong Seo ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2007 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.21 No.2
Adaptation of wastewater treatment systems to more stringent European discharge standards requires the application of new technologies for the removal of nutrients like ammonia from the wastewater. The start-up of an Anammox(anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process was investigated in laboratory-scale UASB(up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactor and anaerobic SBR(sequencing batch reactor). Ammonia nitrogen and nitrite were stably removed by anammox reaction in UASB reactor and their efficiency were 85% and 90%, respectively, which resulted in TN removal efficiency of 82% or higher. During the start-up of SBR operation, ammonia concentration of effluent was slightly than that of influent however ammonia started to be removed by anammox reaction after 140 days. Afterward, efficiency of TN removal by anammox was over 61% at steady state.
MBR 단일 반응조에서 용존산소 농도에 따른 동시 질산화-탈질반응(SND)의 영향
박노백 ( Noh Back Park ),최우영 ( Woo Yung Choi ),윤애화 ( Ae Hwa Yoon ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 韓國環境農學會 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.4
MBR(Membrane Bio-reactor) 반응조 내 동시 질산화·탈질(Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification, SND)반응을 적용하여 폐수의 유기물 및 질소(N) 제거를 위해 적절한 용존산소(DO) 농도를 도출 및 질산화 및 탈질반응에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위해 실험을 수행하였다. 연속 운전실험 결과 반응조 내 pH는 7.5-8.0을 유지하면서 특별한 외부 탄소원의 주입 없이 질소제거가 가능하였다. 용존산소 농도에 따른 유출수의 CODcr 평균 농도는 각각 2.39, 2.95, 12.18 mg/L로 나타났으며, 제거율은 각각 99.3, 99.0, 96.0%로 안정적인 처리 효율을 나타내었다. 운전 조건별(Run 1, 2, 3) 용존산소(DO) 농도에 따른 유출수의 총질소(TN) 농도는 8.62, 7.75, 11.82 mg/L로, 제거효율은 69.88, 72.92, 58.70% 이었고, 용존산소의 농도가 1.3-1.6 mg/L 범위일 때, SND 반응을 적용한 질소제거가 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 회분식 실험 결과 암모니아성 질소(NH4+-N)의 질산화 반응속도의 경우 용존산소 농도에 증가하였으며, 탈질 반응의 경우 반응조 내 적정 C/N비를 유지하였을 때 용존산소 1.0-1.3 mg/L 범위에서 탈질 반응이 일어나는 것을 확인하였다. In this study, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) from synthetic wastewater were performed to evaluate dissolved oxygen(DO) effects on chemical oxygen demand(COD) and nitrogen removal in a single membarne bio-reactor(MBR). DO levels in MBR at Run 1, 2, and 3 were 1.9~2.2, 1.3~1.6, and 0.7~1.0 mg/L, respectively. Experimental results indicated that DO had an important factor to affect COD and total nitrogen(TN) removal. SND were able to be accomplished in the continuous-aeration MBR by controlling ambient DO concentration. It is postulated that, because of the oxygen diffusion limitation, an anoxic micro-zone was formed inside the flocs where the denitrification might occur. From the results of this study, 96% of COD could be removed at DO of 0.7mg/L. At run 2 72.92% of nitrogen was removed by the mechanisms of SND (7.75mg-TN/L in effluent). In this study, SND was successfully occurred in a MBR due to high MLSS that could help to form anoxic zone inside microbial floc at bulk DO concentrations of 1.3~1.6mg/L.
혐기-호기 상향류 필터 공정에서 양식배출수의 질산화 및 탈질 연구
박노백 ( Noh Back Park ),이현영 ( Hyun Young Lee ),김성민 ( Seong Min Kim ),이준상 ( Jun Sang Lee ) 한국수산과학회 2014 한국수산과학회지 Vol.47 No.5
This study induced biological denitrification and nitrification via a biofiltration process with the view of removing nitrogen from land-based fish farm effluent. To achieve this, we operated an aquaculture nitrogen-removal system that includes a denitrification and nitrification reactor [working volume 40 L, flow rate 64.8 L, HRT (hydraulic reten-tion time) 14.8 h, HRT considering recycling of NOx 7.4 h]. In the continuous process, the nitrification rate of am-monium nitrogen exceeded 90% at a steady state and the denitrification efficiency exceeded 80% with recycling to a pre-anoxic reactor. In addition, the pH in the final effluent was lower with a low influent water alkalinity averaging 100 mg/L (as CaCO3). For effective denitrification reactions, carbon must be supplied via particulate organic matter (POM) hydrolysis because of the low C/N (carbon/nitrogen) ratio in the water.