Fermented cottonseed meal improves production performance and reduces fat deposition in broiler chickens

Niu Jun Li,Wei Lian Qing,Luo Yuan Qing,Yang Wen Ting,Lu Qi Cheng,Zheng Xin Xia,Niu Yu Jie,Sheng Wen,Cheng Hong,Zhang Wen Ju,Nie Cun Xi 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.4

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on growth performance, carcass traits, and fat deposition in white-feather broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 480 male one-day-old white-feather broiler chickens were selected randomly and divided into four groups with six replicates of 20 chickens in each. The experimental chickens were fed diets including 3%, 6%, or 9% FCSM fermented by Candida tropicalis until 42 days old. In the experiment, the chickens of the control group were fed soybean meal. Results: FCSM supplementation linearly decreased the feed conversion ratio from d 15 to 21 and d 36 to 42, respectively (p<0.05). The percentage of carcass and semi-eviscerate increased in response to dietary FCSM supplementation at d 21 (p<0.05). The percentage of eviscerated and semi-eviscerate of 3FCSM was higher than that in other groups at d 35 (p<0.05). At the age of 42 d, the percentage of carcass increased in a quadratic way among increasing FCSM in diets (p<0.05). The subcutaneous fat thickness linearly decreased with the increasing levels of FCSM at d 21 (p<0.05). Gompertz and Logistic functions provided a better fit on abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat, respectively. The best fitted equation predicted that the maximum growth rate of abdominal fat weight and subcutaneous fat thickness occurred at d 28. FCSM had no significant effects on the shape of growth curve of abdominal fat weight and subcutaneous fat thickness, but reduced the height of the curve. Birds receiving the 6FCSM diet for 21 d had smaller adipocyte surface and lower serum glucose as well as triglyceride concentration. Conclusion: FCSM is beneficial for broiler chickens as it positively affects their growth and carcass in addition to altering their fat deposition. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on growth performance, carcass traits, and fat deposition in white-feather broiler chickens.Methods: A total of 480 male one-day-old white-feather broiler chickens were selected randomly and divided into four groups with six replicates of 20 chickens in each. The experimental chickens were fed diets including 3%, 6%, or 9% FCSM fermented by <i>Candida tropicalis</i> until 42 days old. In the experiment, the chickens of the control group were fed soybean meal.Results: FCSM supplementation linearly decreased the feed conversion ratio from d 15 to 21 and d 36 to 42, respectively (p<0.05). The percentage of carcass and semi-eviscerate increased in response to dietary FCSM supplementation at d 21 (p<0.05). The percentage of eviscerated and semi-eviscerate of 3FCSM was higher than that in other groups at d 35 (p<0.05). At the age of 42 d, the percentage of carcass increased in a quadratic way among increasing FCSM in diets (p<0.05). The subcutaneous fat thickness linearly decreased with the increasing levels of FCSM at d 21 (p<0.05). Gompertz and Logistic functions provided a better fit on abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat, respectively. The best fitted equation predicted that the maximum growth rate of abdominal fat weight and subcutaneous fat thickness occurred at d 28. FCSM had no significant effects on the shape of growth curve of abdominal fat weight and subcutaneous fat thickness, but reduced the height of the curve. Birds receiving the 6FCSM diet for 21 d had smaller adipocyte surface and lower serum glucose as well as triglyceride concentration.Conclusion: FCSM is beneficial for broiler chickens as it positively affects their growth and carcass in addition to altering their fat deposition.

Health-related Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer: a Literature-based Review of Psychometric Properties of Breast Cancer-specific Measures

Niu, Hui-Yan,Niu, Chun-Ying,Wang, Jia-He,Zhang, Yi,He, Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.8

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women in the world. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) at treatment endpoint in cancer clinical trials is widely considered to be increasingly important. The aim of this review was to provide a literature-based assessment of the validity, reliability and responsiveness of breast cancer-specific HRQL instruments in women breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The databases consulted were Medline, PubMed, and Embase. The inclusion criteria required studies to: (1) involve use of HRQL measures; (2) cover women with breast cancer under standard treatment (surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy); (3) involve the validity, reliability, or responsiveness of HRQL; (4) deal with validation of breast cancer-specific HRQL instruments. Results: A total of 16 studies were identified through the literature search that met the 4 inclusion criteria. Some seven instruments were assessed among these 16 studies: EORTC QLQ-BR23, FACT-B, FACT-ES, HFRDIS, LSQ-32, QLICP-BR, and SLDS-BC. EORTC QLQ-BR23, FACT-B, LSQ-32, QLICP-BR, and SLDS-BC are more general breast cancer-specific HRQL instruments. FACT-EB is the endocrine subscale combined with FACT-B in order to measure the side effects and putative benefits of hormonal treatment administered in breast cancer patients. HFRDIS is the HRQL measure focusing on hot flash concerns. Conclusions: This paper provides an overall understanding on the currently available breast cancer-specific HRQL instruments in women breast cancer patients.

Structure and Performance Characteristics of Saturated Iron-core Superconducting Fault Current Limiter

Niu, Xiaoye,Chen, Zhili,Wang, Haizhen,Chen, Zhifu,Zhang, Lifeng,Niu, Guojun,Hong, Hui,Xin, Ying 대한전기학회 2014 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.4 No.2

Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is a kind of short-circuit current limiting device for power grid. It's a new application of superconducting technology on power equipments. Saturated Iron-core Superconducting fault current limiter (SISFCL) is one of many types of SFCL. It takes the advantage that no quenching occurs in superconducting wires during fault current limiting process. The immediately reacting and fast recovering are also its main characteristics. The structure and function of SISFCL is similar to that of traditional transformer and current limiting reactor respectively. Based on mature technologies on design and manufacture of iron core and windings of transformers, SISFCL could be made at the same voltage level as traditional transformers. But there are also significant differences between them. SISFCL will offer an effective solution to limit short-circuit current in future HV or EHV power systems because of its peculiar structures and properties. In this paper, we introduce the structure and characteristics of the SISFCL developed by Innopower. It may help readers to understand SISFCL and its enormous application value for power grids.

LIL FOR KERNEL ESTIMATOR OF ERROR DISTRIBUTION IN REGRESSION MODEL

Niu, Si-Li Korean Mathematical Society 2007 대한수학회지 Vol.44 No.4

This paper considers the problem of estimating the error distribution function in nonparametric regression models. Sufficient conditions are given under which the kernel estimator of the error distribution function based on nonparametric residuals satisfies the law of iterated logarithm.

GLOBAL MAXIMAL ESTIMATE TO SOME OSCILLATORY INTEGRALS

Niu, Yaoming,Xue, Ying Korean Mathematical Society 2018 대한수학회보 Vol.55 No.2

Under the symbol ${\Omega}$ is a combination of ${\phi}_i$ ($i=1,2,3,{\ldots},n$) which has a suitable growth condition, for dimension n = 2 and $n{\geq}3$, when the initial data f belongs to homogeneous Sobolev space, we obtain the global $L^q$ estimate for maximal operators generated by operators family $\{S_{t,{\Omega}}\}_{t{\in}{\mathbb{R}}}$ associated with solution to dispersive equations, which extend some results in [27].

Fuzzy Control Strategy for Course Correction of Omnidirectional Mobile Robot

Niu Zijie,Lu Qiang,Cui Yonjie,Sun Zhijun 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.9

Omnidirectional mobile robots (OMRs) based on the Mecanum wheel, often slide during driving and cause the actual course to deviate from the set heading. To improve the OMR course accuracy, we propose a fuzzyPI control algorithm that modifies the OMR course in real time, by analyzing the omnidirectional movement of the Mecanum wheel and the kinematic model of the OMR. fuzzification, fuzzy reasoning, and defuzzification, the robot’s heading is corrected in real time. Analysis of the yaw error of the robots, with and without the fuzzy PI control algorithm, show that the yaw error has been reduced from the original values of −2.5-0◦ and −10.5-0◦ down to −0.6-0.6◦ and −1-0◦ , when the robot travels a distance of 3.5 m in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively. Through experiments, the traditional PI control algorithm and fuzzy PI control algorithm are compared in terms of the robot heading-regulation performance. From the analysis of experimental data, we can see that, when the yaw error of an OMR with the fuzzy PI control algorithm is between 35 and 40◦, the adjustment time is sped up by 1.3 s and 1.2 s and overshoot angle is reduced by 7.7◦ and 4.3◦ , respectively, for longitudinal and transverse movements. Both experimental results show that the fuzzy PI control algorithm has good regulation performance and can achieve good control effects.

Real-valued Dual Negative Selection Technique for Intrusion Detection

Niu Ling,Feng Gao Feng 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.4

A novel technique for intrusion detection based on real-valued dual negative selection scheme is proposed in this paper. In traditional real-valued negative selection algorithms, whether the candidate detectors can detect self-set or not totally relies on the affinity extent and the constant-sized mechanism is unfavorable to eliminating the black holes with irregular sizes. The proposed technique introduces the mechanism of variable-sized dual negative selection, in which each mutual detector has to pass three tests. Firstly, the new mutual detector should not be detected by the current existing ones. In other words, the existence of the new detector is necessary. Secondly, those detectors which can detect self-set will be eliminated. Thirdly, the detectors distribution has to be optimized aiming at enhancing the detecting efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique has much less black holes, fewer detectors and higher detecting rates.

Nonlinear optical properties of indium-doped single-phased TiO2 thin films

Niu Ruifeng,Cui Liqi,Wang Weitian 한국물리학회 2022 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.81 No.4

Single-phased rutile TiO2 and Ti0.9In0.1O2 thin flms were fabricated using a pulsed laser deposition method. The optical transmission spectra reveal good transparency of the flms in the visible spectral range of 330–900 nm. The absorption edge of the Ti0.9In0.1O2 flm is blue-shifted compared with that of undoped TiO2 flm. The third-order nonlinear optical properties of the flms were investigated using a z-scan method with a pulse laser operating at 532 nm with pulse duration of 55 ps. The results show that the Ti0.9In0.1O2 and TiO2 flms exhibit nonlinear saturable absorption and negative nonlinear refraction properties. The doping of In ions into TiO2 does not change the nonlinear optical absorption signifcantly. However, the nonlinear refractive index of Ti0.9In0.1O2 flm is about two times larger than that of undoped TiO2 flm. The local electronpinned defect-dipoles and widening bandgap in the Ti0.9In0.1O2 flm could be used to explain the observed results.

In vitro ruminal fermentation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) produced less methane than that of alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Niu Huaxin,Xu Zhongjun,Yang Hee Eun,McAllister Tim A,Acharya Surya,Wang Yuxi 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.4

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare fenugreek (FG) with alfalfa (Alf) in ruminal fermentation and methane (CH4) production in vitro. Methods: Whole-plant FG harvested at 11- and 15-wk and Alf harvested at early and mid-bloom maturities, alone or as 50:50 mixture of FG and Alf at the respective maturity, were assessed in a series of 48-h in vitro batch culture incubations. Total fermentation gas and methane gas production, dry matter (DM) disappearance, volatile fatty acids, microbial protein and 16S RNA gene copy numbers of total bacteria and methanogens were determined. Results: Compared to early bloom Alf, FG harvested at 11-wk exhibited higher (p<0.05) in vitro DM and neutral detergent fibre disappearance, but this difference was not observed between the mid-bloom Alf and 15-wk FG. Regardless plant maturity, in vitro ruminal fermentation of FG produced less (p<0.001) CH4 either on DM incubated or on DM disappeared basis than that of Alf during 48-h incubation. In vitro ruminal fermentation of FG yielded similar amount of total volatile fatty acids with higher (p<0.05) propionate percentage as compared to fermentation of Alf irrespective of plant maturity. Microbial protein synthesis was greater (p<0.001) with 11-wk FG than early bloom Alf as substrate and 16S RNA gene copies of total bacteria was higher (p<0.01) with 15-wk FG than mid-bloom Alf as substrate. Compared to mid-bloom Alf, 15-wk FG had lower (p<0.05 to 0.001) amount of 16S RNA methanogen gene copies in the whole culture during 48-h incubation. Conclusion: In comparison to Alf, FG emerges as a high quality forage that can not only improve rumen fermentation in vitro, but can also remarkably mitigate CH4 emissions likely due to being rich in saponins. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare fenugreek (FG) with alfalfa (Alf) in ruminal fermentation and methane (CH₄) production <i>in vitro</i>.Methods: Whole-plant FG harvested at 11- and 15-wk and Alf harvested at early and mid-bloom maturities, alone or as 50:50 mixture of FG and Alf at the respective maturity, were assessed in a series of 48-h <i>in vitro</i> batch culture incubations. Total fermentation gas and methane gas production, dry matter (DM) disappearance, volatile fatty acids, microbial protein and 16S RNA gene copy numbers of total bacteria and methanogens were determined.Results: Compared to early bloom Alf, FG harvested at 11-wk exhibited higher (p<0.05) <i>in vitro</i> DM and neutral detergent fibre disappearance, but this difference was not observed between the mid-bloom Alf and 15-wk FG. Regardless plant maturity, <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation of FG produced less (p<0.001) CH₄ either on DM incubated or on DM disappeared basis than that of Alf during 48-h incubation. <i>In vitro</i> ruminal fermentation of FG yielded similar amount of total volatile fatty acids with higher (p<0.05) propionate percentage as compared to fermentation of Alf irrespective of plant maturity. Microbial protein synthesis was greater (p<0.001) with 11-wk FG than early bloom Alf as substrate and 16S RNA gene copies of total bacteria was higher (p<0.01) with 15-wk FG than mid-bloom Alf as substrate. Compared to mid-bloom Alf, 15-wk FG had lower (p<0.05 to 0.001) amount of 16S RNA methanogen gene copies in the whole culture during 48-h incubation.Conclusion: In comparison to Alf, FG emerges as a high quality forage that can not only improve rumen fermentation <i>in vitro</i>, but can also remarkably mitigate CH₄ emissions likely due to being rich in saponins.

Technique for Intrusion Detection based on Minkowsky Distance Negative Selection Algorithm

Niu Ling,Feng Gao-feng,Peng Hai-yun 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.12

Traditional negative selection algorithms often result in a number of black holes, which directly leads to the missing alarm drawback in the intrusion detection system. In order to settle the above problem, a novel negative selection algorithm based on Minkowsky distance is proposed. Firstly, the proposed algorithm computes the Minkowsky distance between the detectors. Then, compute the serial same numbers between the detector and self-set strings, which is helpful to improve the coverage area of the detector. Finally, the new detectors after training and renewal are put into the mature detector set to decline the number of black holes. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with the traditional negative selection algorithms, the number of black holes and the missing alarm rate decline a lot in the proposed algorithm.