Mining public opinion: a sentiment based forecasting for democratic elections of Pakistan

Nawaz Asif,Ali Tariq,Hafeez Yaser,Rehman Saif ur,Rashid Muhammad Rizwan 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.2

Twitter has emerged as outstanding and most prominent social media in today’s technological age. The data proliferates in quick and words with its activities trigger get fast responses from the users. This platform is perfect for promoting political perspectives, particularly when election campaigns are on its peak. Political trends on Twitter media has been contemplated in the course of recent years. In the past research, both supervised and unsupervised methodologies have been used to analyze the Twitter trends. Most of the Tweet classification approaches utilized built in Dictionaries, Naı¨ve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), decision tree and Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers. However, in case of democratic election these trends can be mined to predict the winning party. However, all such approaches produce poor results due to language issues, low accuracy, limited access to internet and lower literacy rate in less developed countries such as Pakistan. This research study, find the best possible way for collection of tweets related to different political parties and build a prediction model that may analyze sentiments and opinions expressed by peoples in their Tweets. In this research work, a prediction based model along with novel similarity measure has been proposed to predict the election results of political parties in Pakistan. The proposed work is composed of data collection, preprocessing, aspect extraction, aspect refinement and final prediction using Bayesian theorem. Form the experimental results, it is concluded that proposed approach perform better than existing techniques by obtaining almost 98% accuracy and efficiently cover the limitations of existing studies.

Mining public opinion: a sentiment based forecasting for democratic elections of Pakistan

Nawaz Asif,Ali Tariq,Hafeez Yaser,Rehman Saif ur,Rashid Muhammad Rizwan 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.1

Twitter has emerged as outstanding and most prominent social media in today’s technological age. The data proliferates in quick and words with its activities trigger get fast responses from the users. This platform is perfect for promoting political perspectives, particularly when election campaigns are on its peak. Political trends on Twitter media has been contemplated in the course of recent years. In the past research, both supervised and unsupervised methodologies have been used to analyze the Twitter trends. Most of the Tweet classification approaches utilized built in Dictionaries, Naı¨ve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), decision tree and Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers. However, in case of democratic election these trends can be mined to predict the winning party. However, all such approaches produce poor results due to language issues, low accuracy, limited access to internet and lower literacy rate in less developed countries such as Pakistan. This research study, find the best possible way for collection of tweets related to different political parties and build a prediction model that may analyze sentiments and opinions expressed by peoples in their Tweets. In this research work, a prediction based model along with novel similarity measure has been proposed to predict the election results of political parties in Pakistan. The proposed work is composed of data collection, preprocessing, aspect extraction, aspect refinement and final prediction using Bayesian theorem. Form the experimental results, it is concluded that proposed approach perform better than existing techniques by obtaining almost 98% accuracy and efficiently cover the limitations of existing studies.

Photodegradation of microcystin-LR using graphene-TiO₂/sodium alginate aerogels

Nawaz, Mohsin,Moztahida, Mokrema,Kim, Jiho,Shahzad, Asif,Jang, Jiseon,Miran, Waheed,Lee, Dae Sung Elsevier 2018 Carbohydrate polymers Vol.199 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, sustainable graphene oxide-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate and reduced graphene oxide-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate aerogels were synthesized and the potential of these aerogels was investigated for microcystin-LR degradation in aqueous solution. Along with the role of alginate in the synthesis of aerogels, effects of different concentrations of photocatalyst, photolysis, pH, and combination of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (anatase)/Degussa P25 with graphene were investigated in lieu of microcystin-LR photodegradation.The complete degradation of microcystin-LR was attained in case of reduced graphene oxide-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate aerogel—not in graphene oxide-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate aerogel case—by the synergistic effect of adsorption and photodegradation. The recyclability study of reduced graphene oxide-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate aerogel demonstrated high stability and photoactivity and the degradation efficiency was not much hampered during six consecutive cycles of degradation reaction. The possible fragmentation pathways were also proposed based on identified intermediate products. High adsorption and degradation synergy and ease of separation/recycling of reduced graphene oxide-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate aerogel can make it a suitable option for removing microcystin-LR from water systems.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Sodium alginate helped to synthesize a robust graphene-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> aerogel. </LI> <LI> Graphene-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate aerogel efficiently degraded microcystin-LR. </LI> <LI> Synthesized aerogel was highly recyclable without producing any secondary pollution. </LI> <LI> In microcystin-LR degradation pathway, significant role of OH radicals was found. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Removal of Heavy Metals by Novel EDTA Functionalized Magnetic Chitosan Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite

Asif Shahzad,Humaira Seema,Waheed Miran,Avinash A. Kadam,Mohsin Nawaz,Jiseon Jang,Dae Sung Lee 대한환경공학회 2015 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Ti₃C₂T_x MXene core-shell spheres for ultrahigh removal of mercuric ions

Shahzad, Asif,Nawaz, Mohsin,Moztahida, Mokrema,Jang, Jiseon,Tahir, Khurram,Kim, Jiho,Lim, Youngsu,Vassiliadis, Vassilios S.,Woo, Seung Han,Lee, Dae Sung Elsevier 2019 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.368 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Two-dimensional (2-D) titanium carbide MXene core (Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>T<SUB>x</SUB>) shell aerogel spheres (MX-SA) for mercuric ion removal were designed and fabricated with varying concentrations of Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>T<SUB>x</SUB> MXene and sodium alginate (SA) using a facile method. Owing to their unique inside structures, high porosities, large specific surface areas, oxygenated functional groups of MXene nanosheets, and available active binding sites, the synthesized microspheres constitute a unique adsorbent for heavy metals removal in water. The MX-SA<SUB>4:20</SUB> spheres exhibit an exceptional adsorption capacity of 932.84 mg/g for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>, which is among the highest value reported for adsorbents. The adsorbent exhibits high single- and multi-component removal efficiencies, with 100% efficiency for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> and >90% efficiency for five heavy metal ions. The synthesized materials are highly efficient for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> removal under extreme pH conditions (0.5–1.0 M HNO<SUB>3</SUB>) and have additional excellent reproducible properties. The micro-size and spherical shape of MX-SA<SUB>4:20</SUB> also allow it to be used in column-packed devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>T<SUB>x</SUB> nanosheets were synthesized using a low-toxicity etching agent (NH<SUB>4</SUB>F). </LI> <LI> Core-shell of MX-SA<SUB>4:20</SUB> spheres was capable of very effectively removing heavy metals. </LI> <LI> MX-SA<SUB>4:20</SUB> spheres exhibited exceptional Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> adsorption capacity of 932.84 mg g<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> MX-SA<SUB>4:20</SUB> performed excellently in extreme acidic conditions. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Fabrication of MX-SA<SUB>4:20</SUB> spheres through MXene-Alginate networking and their application in Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> uptake.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Removal of lead and cobalt using lignocellulosic fiber derived from Citrus reticulata waste biomass

Haq Nawaz Bhatti,Iqra Ijaz Bajwa,Muhammad Asif Hanif,Iftikhar Hussain Bukhari 한국화학공학회 2010 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.27 No.1

The present investigation explored the use of Citrus reticulata waste biomass (CWB) for the removal of Pb(II) and Co(II) from the aqueous solutions. The Pb(II) and Co(II) biosorption was found to be dependent on pH of the solution, biosorbent dose, biosorbent particle size, temperature, shaking speed, contact time and initial concentration of metal ions. A metal uptake capacity of 41.16 and 52.64 mg/g was observed at pH 5 and 7 for Pb(II) and Co(II),respectively. The biosorption data followed the Freundlich model for both metals. The overall biosorption process was best described by pseudo-second order kinetics. The effect of several pretreatments on the biosorption efficiency of CWB was also investigated. The results demonstrated that pretreatments influenced the biosorption capacity of the biomass for the both metals significantly. Maximum biosorption capacity of 83.77 and 95.55 mg/g was observed for Pb(II) and Co(II) with sodium hydroxide treated and simply heated biomass, respectively. FTIR spectrum indicated the presence of -OH, -NH, -COOH groups in the biomass. The surface structure of CWB was analyzed by JEOL JMT 300 scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the existence of metal ions on the surface of biosorbent was determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy.

Mercuric ion capturing by recoverable titanium carbide magnetic nanocomposite

Shahzad, Asif,Rasool, Kashif,Miran, Waheed,Nawaz, Mohsin,Jang, Jiseon,Mahmoud, Khaled A.,Lee, Dae Sung Elsevier 2018 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.344 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Two-dimensional metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have attracted increasing attention for application in water/wastewater treatment. The functionalization of MXenes to increase their stability while demonstrating high pollutant removal can facilitate sustainable water/wastewater treatment processes. In this study, the highly stable magnetic titanium carbide (<I>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>T<SUB>x</SUB>)</I> MXene nanocomposite (<I>MGMX</I> nanocomposite) was successfully synthesized through a facile hydrothermal approach and was tested for aqueous-phase adsorptive removal of mercuric ions. The synthesized <I>MGMX</I> nanocomposite was studied using characteristic analyses, showing high stability as revealed by zeta-potential analysis and dynamic light-scattering technique. The <I>MGMX</I> nanocomposite presented excellent Hg(II) removal in a wide range of pH conditions, and an exceptional maximum experimental Hg(II) uptake capacity of 1128.41mgg<SUP>−1</SUP> was observed. The adsorption behavior was investigated using the Redlich-Peterson adsorption isotherm, pseudo second-order kinetics, and thermodynamics models. In the adsorption/desorption investigation, the <I>MGMX</I> nanocomposite was reusable for up to five cycles of adsorption/desorption. The stability, hydrophilic nature, available adsorptive surfaces, and easy separation after reaction make the <I>MGMX</I> nanocomposite an efficient sorbent for the removal of toxic Hg(II) for water purification.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hybrid nanocomposites were synthesized using <I>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>T<SUB>x</SUB> </I> MXene and Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles. </LI> <LI> <I>MGMX</I> presented the highest removal capacity for Hg(II) among other 2D materials. </LI> <LI> <I>MGMX</I> adsorbed ∼99.9% Hg(II) in the existence of background metal ions. </LI> <LI> Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles in <I>MGMX</I> played a significant role in Hg(II) adsorption. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Heterostructural TiO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene) for photocatalytic degradation of antiepileptic drug carbamazepine

Shahzad, Asif,Rasool, Kashif,Nawaz, Mohsin,Miran, Waheed,Jang, Jiseon,Moztahida, Mokrema,Mahmoud, Khaled A.,Lee, Dae Sung Elsevier 2018 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.349 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A simple hydrothermal treatment process was used for the fabrication of a Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>T<SUB>x</SUB> (MXene) nanosheet-based hybrid photocatalyst. The chemical composition of the MXene and its derivatives (nanosize {0 0 1} facets of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> in Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>T<SUB>x</SUB> (001-T/MX)), as well as the structural properties and morphology of the as-prepared photocatalyst, were well characterised. The heterostructure of the as-prepared photocatalyst was obtained by controlled oxidation action via the Schottky junction formed between TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-MXene interfaces. The adsorption/photocatalytic degradation abilities of the pristine MXene and the as-synthesised 001-T/MX nanocomposite for carbamazepine (CBZ) were investigated. The determined <I>K<SUB>app</SUB> </I> value of CBZ under ultraviolet light was 0.0304 min<SUP>−1</SUP>, higher than that under natural solar light, and the degradation capacity was strongly controlled under acidic conditions (pH 3.0–5.0). During the photocatalytic degradation, <SUP> </SUP>OH and <SUP> </SUP>O<SUB>2</SUB> attacked the CBZ molecule; detailed degradation pathways were proposed accordingly. The novel heterojunction 001-T/MX exhibited excellent applicability for CBZ decomposition.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A simple hydrothermal process is used for the fabrication of Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>T<SUB>x</SUB> (MXene) nanosheets. </LI> <LI> Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>T<SUB>x</SUB> MXene-based heterojunction (001-T/MX) can be used as a photocatalyst. </LI> <LI> Carbamazepine (CBZ) degradation under direct sunlight and ultraviolet light is studied. </LI> <LI> T/MX photocatalyst degrades 98.67% CBZ under UV light irradiation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Reduced graphene oxide-loaded-magnetite: A Fenton-like heterogeneous catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of 2-methylisoborneol

Moztahida, Mokrema,Nawaz, Mohsin,Kim, Jiho,Shahzad, Asif,Kim, Seonghun,Jang, Jiseon,Lee, Dae Sung Elsevier 2019 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.370 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A reduced-graphene-oxide-loaded magnetite (rGOF) composite was successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method for photocatalytic degradation of an odorous water contaminant 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). This heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst degraded the recalcitrant MIB under both UV and solar light irradiations at neutral pH without the addition of other chemicals. Bare magnetite (Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>) degraded only 22.5% of MIB because of rapid charge recombination. In comparison, the degradation efficiency increased to 99% for 10% (by weight) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) loading in magnetite. The addition of the rGO not only increased the adsorption capacity by increasing surface area but also increased the photodegradation efficiency synergistically by separating the electron–hole pairs, indicated by the photoluminescence spectra. The reduction in aggregation of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoparticles was explained by the increase in d-spacing and with FE-SEM images. The impedance and photocurrent data also proved the transfer of electron in presence of light in the hybrid composite. The rGOF composite presented excellent ferromagnetism, which made its recovery very easy. The recycled composite showed significantly high photocatalytic activity even after the fifth cycle with increased adsorption capacity of the recycled composite. Degradation mechanism and degradation pathway have been proposed and intermediates were identified.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A Fenton-like composite (rGOF) was synthesized by co-precipitation. </LI> <LI> rGOF degraded 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) under both UV and visible light. </LI> <LI> rGO loading in Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> enhanced the photodegradation of MIB. </LI> <LI> A loading of 10 wt% rGO (rGOF-10) was optimum. </LI> <LI> rGOF composite showed great reusability up to five cycles. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Investigating the role of anodic potential in the biodegradation of carbamazepine in bioelectrochemical systems

Tahir, Khurram,Miran, Waheed,Nawaz, Mohsin,Jang, Jiseon,Shahzad, Asif,Moztahida, Mokrema,Kim, Bolam,Azam, Mudassar,Jeong, Sang Eun,Jeon, Che Ok,Lim, Seong-Rin,Lee, Dae Sung Elsevier BV 2019 Science of the Total Environment Vol.688 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Anode potential is a critical factor in the biodegradation of organics in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), but research on these systems with complex recalcitrant co-substrates at set anode potentials is scarce. In this study, carbamazepine (CBZ) biodegradation in a BES was examined over a wide range of set anode potentials (−200 to +600 mV vs Ag/AgCl). Current generation and current densities were improved with the increase in positive anode potentials. However, at a negative potential (−200 mV), current generation was higher as compared to that for +000 and +200 mV. The highest CBZ degradation (84%) and TOC removal efficiency (70%) were achieved at +400 mV. At +600 mV, a decrease in CBZ degradation was observed, which can be attributed to a low number of active bacteria and a poor ability to adapt to high voltage. This study signified that BESs operated at optimum anode potentials could be used for enhancing the biodegradation of complex and recalcitrant contaminants in the environment.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> LSV analysis showed anode potential enhanced the microbial colonization in BES. </LI> <LI> High potential favored BES, but after +400 mV, BES performance declined. </LI> <LI> CBZ biodegradation and TOC removal were enhanced in BES aided by anodic potential. </LI> <LI> Microbes with high tendency to degrade CBZ were enriched by a controlled potential. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>