Comprehensive Study of Various Techniques for Detecting DDoS Attacks in Cloud Environment

Navdeep Singh,Abhinav Hans,Kapil Kumar,Mohit Pal Singh Birdi 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.8 No.3

Cloud computing is the most dynamic field of IT industry. It is becoming very famous due to its less resource consuming and higher output. Though Cloud computing is very vast and useful technology but it is not remained untouched from attackers or hackers. The most common attack notified on the cloud environment is DDoS attack. DDoS attacks i.e. Distributed Denial of service attacks happens on a cloud environment in such a way that, two or more than two attackers sends the multiple SOAP requests at the same cloud server and consume all the legitimate resources. From the study it has been concluded that, none a system is developed so far to prevent the DDoS attacks completely because even the detection of DDoS attacks is a major issue and prevention is a very big thing to achieve after detection and mitigation. This paper is focused on underlying the introduction about DDoS attacks and the next part of the paper is followed by the comparative analysis of the different techniques and algorithms used in detecting the DDoS attacks in cloud environment.

ExerAdventure: A Mobile 2D Platformer Game to Encourage Fitness

Navdeep Singh,Sabah Mohammed 한국컴퓨터게임학회 2021 한국컴퓨터게임학회논문지 Vol.34 No.2

Physical activity and exercise is an important step in the journey of a healthy lifestyle. It reduces the risk of developing many diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. In today’s world, we spend most of our time sitting in front of a computer or mobile phones for work and entertainment. This is one of the leading factors in a lack of physical activities and thus a decrease in the fitness level of many individuals. In this paper, we design a mobile 2D platformer game where progress inside the game world is dependent on physical activity in the real world. The game has two modes namely adventure and story mode. This design can motivate people to lead an active and healthy lifestyle. The physical activity monitoring is done solely through the pedometer of a smartphone held by the user while playing the game. The number of steps walked by the user determines the number of revives inside the adventure mode of the game. There are three levels in the story mode which are unlocked by walking more than a certain number of steps in the real world.

A New Random SPWM Technique for AC-AC Converter-Based WECS

Singh, Navdeep,Agarwal, Vineeta The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2015 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.4

A single-stage AC-AC converter has been designed for a wind energy conversion system (WECS) that eliminates multistage operation and DC-link filter elements, thus resolving size, weight, and reliability issues. A simple switching strategy is used to control the switches that changes the variable-frequency AC output of an electrical generator to a constant-frequency supply to feed into a distributed electrical load/grid. In addition, a modified random sinusoidal pulse width modulation (RSPWM) technique has been developed for the designed converter to make the overall system more efficient by increasing generating power capacity and reducing the effects of inter-harmonics and sub-harmonics generated in the WECS. The technique uses carrier and reference waves of variable switching frequency to calculate the firing angles of the switches of the converter so that the three-phase output voltage of the converter is very close to a sine wave with reduced THD. A comparison of the performance of the proposed RSPWM technique with the conventional SPWM demonstrated that the power generated by a turbine in the proposed approximately increased by 5% to 10% and THD reduces by 40% both in voltage and current with respect to conventional SPWM.

A New Random SPWM Technique for AC-AC Converter-Based WECS

Navdeep Singh,Vineeta Agarwal 전력전자학회 2015 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.4

A single-stage AC-AC converter has been designed for a wind energy conversion system (WECS) that eliminates multistage operation and DC-link filter elements, thus resolving size, weight, and reliability issues. A simple switching strategy is used to control the switches that changes the variable-frequency AC output of an electrical generator to a constant-frequency supply to feed into a distributed electrical load/grid. In addition, a modified random sinusoidal pulse width modulation (RSPWM) technique has been developed for the designed converter to make the overall system more efficient by increasing generating power capacity and reducing the effects of inter-harmonics and sub-harmonics generated in the WECS. The technique uses carrier and reference waves of variable switching frequency to calculate the firing angles of the switches of the converter so that the three-phase output voltage of the converter is very close to a sine wave with reduced THD. A comparison of the performance of the proposed RSPWM technique with the conventional SPWM demonstrated that the power generated by a turbine in the proposed approximately increased by 5% to 10% and THD reduces by 40% both in voltage and current with respect to conventional SPWM.

Development of Cobalt coated MWCNTs/Polyurethane composite for microwave absorption

Singh, Navdeep,Aul, Gagan D. Techno-Press 2021 Advances in materials research Vol.10 No.3

This research work describes the design and method of development of microwave absorber and was conducted for analysis of reflection loss performance with the magnetic modifications of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs). Cobalt coated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes composites were prepared by three step methods. Composites were developed with varying weight percentage of Cobalt (II) Chloride Hexahydrate and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. The morphology, elementary analysis and absorbing properties of Cobalt coated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes composites were studied by FESEM, EDX and Vector Network Analyzer. The obtained Co coated MWCNTs/PU composite demonstrated the maximum reflection loss of -21.06 dB at 12.63 GHz and the maximum absorption bandwidth of 3.7 GHz, in the frequency range of 8-13 GHz with 3 mm thickness. These microwave absorption parameters can be credited to synergistic effect of improved matched impedance and greater microwave attenuation properties of the absorber. The combined usage of dielectric loss and magnetic loss absorber design shows great diversity and can be a promising candidate for designing high performance microwave absorbing materials.

Layer and RFID Based Security Issues of Internet of Things

Navdeep Singh,Abhinav Hans,Sukhdeep Kaur 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.10

In spite of the fact that it has been with us in some structure and under various names for a long time, the Internet of Things (IoT) is all of a sudden a thing. The capacity to associate, speak with, what's more, remotely deal with an endless number of arranged, mechanized gadgets through the Web is getting to be pervasive, from the manufacturing plant floor to the doctor's facility working space to the private storm cellar. The move from shut systems to big business IT systems to people in general Internet is quickening at a disturbing pace—and legitimately raising alerts about security. As we get to be progressively dependent on clever, interconnected gadgets in each part of our lives, how do we shield possibly billions of them from interruptions and obstruction that could trade off individual protection or undermine open security? There are numerous issues in security of Internet of Things (IOT) shouting out for arrangements, for example, RFID label security, remote security, system transmission security, protection assurance, data handling security. So in this paper we are covering the various security concerns that are cursing the IoT in different ways.

A Hybrid Approach for Encrypting Data on Cloud to prevent DoS Attacks

Navdeep Singh,Pankaj Deep Kaur 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.8 No.3

Any technology cannot be said perfect until it is free from any vulnerability. So whenever a new technology is introduced the security is the first feature that is countable. There are many famous technologies that are used for online data storage, accessing the data from any location and provide the online use of any software. Cloud computing is the same technology that provides the online data storage and the most important feature that it provides software on lease facility. If large data storage feature took into consideration then it must be said that if a user wants to store the data on cloud then the security of that data must be the first requirement of the user. In this paper an integrated approach is introduced to encrypt and decrypt the data before sending on cloud by using the two different techniques. And the performance analysis is done on the basis of different parameters to achieve the better performance and security.

Mechanistic insights into the interaction between energetic oxygen ions and nanosized ZnFe₂O₄: XAS-XMCD investigations

Singh, Jitendra Pal,Kaur, Baljeet,Sharma, Aditya,Kim, So Hee,Gautam, Sanjeev,Srivastava, Ramesh Chandra,Goyal, Navdeep,Lim, Weol Cheol,Lin, H.-J.,Chen, J. M.,Asokan, K.,Kanjilal, D.,Won, Sung Ok,Lee, The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Vol.20 No.17

<P>The interactions of energetic ions with multi-cation compounds and their consequences in terms of changes in the local electronic structure, which may facilitate intriguing hybridization between O 2p and metal d orbitals and magnetic ordering, are the subject of debate and require a deep understanding of energy transfer processes and magnetic exchange mechanisms. In this study, nanocrystals of ZnFe2O4 were exposed to O<SUP>7+</SUP> ions with an energy of 100 MeV to understand, qualitatively and quantitatively, the metal-ligand field interactions, cation migration and magnetic exchange interactions by employing X-ray absorption fine structure measurements and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism to get deeper mechanistic insights. Nanosized zinc ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) with a size of ∼16 nm synthesized in the cubic spinel phase exhibited deterioration of the crystalline phase when 100 MeV O<SUP>7+</SUP> ions passed through them. However, the size of these NPs remained almost the same. The behaviour of crystal deterioration is associated with the confinement of heat in this interaction. The energy confined inside the nanoparticles promotes cation redistribution as well as the modification of the local electronic structure. Prior to this interaction, almost 42% of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> ions occupied AO4 tetrahedra; however, this value increased to 63% after the interaction. An inverse effect was observed for metal ion occupancies in BO6 octahedra. The L-edge spectra of Fe and Zn reveal that the spin and valence states of the metal ions were not affected by this interaction. This effect is also supported by K-edge measurements for Fe and Zn. The t2g/eg intensity ratio in the O K-edge spectra decreased after this interaction, which is associated with detachment of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> ions from the lattice. The extent of hybridization, as estimated from the ratio of the post-edge to the pre-edge region of the O K-edge spectra, decreased after this interaction. The metal-oxygen and metal-metal bond lengths were modified as a result of this interaction, as determined from extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements. These measurements further support the observation of cation migration from AO4 tetrahedra to AO6 octahedra and <I>vice versa</I>. The Fe L-edge magnetic circular dichroism spectra indicate that Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> ions occupying sites in AO4 tetrahedra and BO6 octahedra exhibited antiferromagnetic-like ordering prior to this interaction. The NPs that interacted with energetic O ions displayed a different kind of magnetic ordering.</P>

Advanced Data Mining Appraoch For Handoff Procedure’s in Lte Technology

Abhinav Hans,Navdeep Singh,Dr. Sheetal Kalra 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.2

With expansion in the innovation, the requests of the individuals are expanding as individuals are more intrigued by the web offices with higher information rate. Despite the fact that 3G advances convey essentially higher bit rates than 2G innovations, "LTE" (3GPP Long Term Evolution) got a blast in the field of advancements with new offices like Internet applications or versatile broadband ( Voice over IP (VoIP), feature spilling, music downloading, portable TV and numerous others material) all around. It is very much necessary to extract the useful information of the user using LTE technology to understand he performance and durability of this new technology. In this paper we present a novel architecture for mining the data for extracting useful information regarding the success rates of various handoff procedures in LTE technology.

Electronic and magnetic structure investigation of vanadium doped ZnO nanostructure

Bhardwaj, Richa,Singh, Jitendra Pal,Chae, Keun Hwa,Goyal, Navdeep,Gautam, Sanjeev Elsevier 2018 Vacuum Vol.158 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the present work, vanadium doped ZnO nanostructure, Zn<SUB>1-<I>x</I> </SUB>V<SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB>O (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) have been synthesized using sol-gel route. Rietveld refined X-ray diffraction confirms the single wurtzite phase for all the prepared samples with crystallite size ranging from 20 to 40 nm. UV-Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy shows the decrease in band gap energy from 3.20 to 3.17 eV on V doping and and Photoluminescence (PL) measurements has a strong visible emission region in the range 500–700 nm. PL broad peak in the visible region is further deconvoluted to study the defect states in the V:ZnO system. V doped ZnO nanostructure shows the room temperature ferromagnetism measured through Vibrating Sample Magnetometer hysteresis curve. The magnetic moment ( <SUB> μ B </SUB> ) is found to vary from 0.012 to 0.018 <SUB> μ B </SUB> per V-atom as x changes from 0.01 to 0.03 in Zn<SUB>1-<I>x</I> </SUB>V<SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB>O matrix. Magnetic structure properties are correlated with electronic transitions at different atomic levels using near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. NEXAFS spectral features at O<I>K-</I>, V/Zn <SUB> L 3,2 </SUB> <I>-</I> edge reveals the hybridization of V(3<I>d</I>)-O(2<I>p</I>) orbitals and absence of V-metallic clusters in V:ZnO system. These investigations further envisage the existence of +5 state of vanadium in Zn<SUB>1-<I>x</I> </SUB>V<SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB>O nanostructure.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Zn<SUB>1−<I>x</I> </SUB>V<SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB>O (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) synthesis by sol-gel route with crystallite size 20–30 nm. </LI> <LI> PL spectra is deconvoluted that shows the presence of vacancies in the V:ZnO system. </LI> <LI> The hybridized electronic structure of V:ZnO is investigated through NEXAFS. </LI> <LI> Samples show RTFM with magnetic moment varying from 0.012 to 0.018 μ<I>B</I>/V atom for x = 0.01 to 0.03. </LI> <LI> The magnetic structure is discussed through BMP exchange interactions. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>