Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic and In Vitro Anticancer Activities

Nagajyothi, P. C.,Pandurangan, Muthuraman,Kim, Doo Hwan,Sreekanth, T. V. M.,Shim, Jaesool Springer-Verlag 2017 Journal of cluster science Vol.28 No.1

<P>The green synthesis of nanoparticles is a convenient, inexpensive, rapid and eco-friendly method compared to traditional synthesis methods. We synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (alpha-Fe2O3 (hematite)) nanoparticles from iron (III) chloride using an aqueous extract of Psoralea corylifolia seeds as a reducing agent. Various characterization methods indicate that nanoparticles were crystalline with an average size of similar to 39 nm. The nanoparticles were assessed for their catalytic activity on methylene blue using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and showed a rapid reduction within 63 min. The in vitro anticancer activity of the nanoparticles was also determined by Sulforhodamine (SRB) assay, and caspase-3 expression was determined using caspase-3 fluorescence and immunofluorescence assays. The results were suggested the strong cancer cell growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner.</P>

Green synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of yttrium oxide nanoparticles

Nagajyothi, P.C.,Pandurangan, M.,Veerappan, M.,Kim, Doo Hwan,Sreekanth, T.V.M.,Shim, Jaesool Elsevier 2018 Materials letters Vol.216 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> NPs) are synthesized successfully using <I>Forsythiae fructus</I> aqueous fruit extract. The structrural and morphological properties of Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> NPs were systematically studied by FTIR, SEM, TEM, XPS and XRD patterns. The results indicate the NPs with flake-like flower morphology. The overall results indicated that the green synthesized Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> NPs exhibited potent anti-cancer activity against renal carcinoma cells. The synthesis method is inexpensive, eco-friendly, reduced harmful side effects and alternative to physical/chemical methods.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> NPs were synthesized using an aqueous extract of <I>Forsythiae fructus</I> fruits. </LI> <LI> TEM and XRD analysis confirmed that NPs flake-like shape with an size of ∼11 nm. </LI> <LI> NPs were non-toxic to MDCK but highly toxic to Caki-2 cells at high concentration. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Green synthesis: In-vitro anticancer activity of copper oxide nanoparticles against human cervical carcinoma cells

Nagajyothi, P.C.,Muthuraman, P.,Sreekanth, T.V.M.,Kim, D.H.,Shim, J. Elsevier ; King Saud University 2017 Arabian journal of chemistry Vol.10 No.2

<P>Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized by a green route using an aqueous black bean extract and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, DLS, TEM, SAED, SEM, and EDX. The synthesized CuO NPs were spherical in shape, and the XRD results show the average size of the NPs was similar to 26.6 nm. The cytotoxic effect of the CuO NPs was determined by sulforhodamine-B assay. Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased and initiated lipid peroxidation of the liposomal membrane, which regulates several signaling pathways and influences the cytokinetic movements of cells. Mitochondrial fragmentation disruption assay confirmed the alteration in the mitochondrial structure after incubation with nanoparticles. In addition, clonogenic assay confirmed the inability of NPs incubated cancer cells to proliferate well. Our experimental results show that the CuO NPs can induce apoptosis and suppress the proliferation of HeLa cells. (C) 2016 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.</P>

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag/g-C₃N₄ composite

Nagajyothi, P.C.,Pandurangan, M.,Vattikuti, S.V.P.,Tettey, C.O.,Sreekanth, T.V.M.,Shim, J. Elsevier Science B.V 2017 Separation and purification technology Vol.188 No.-

Silver-graphite carbon nitride (Ag/g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) was designed and synthesized through a simple green chemical route. The photocatalyst was comprehensively characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X -ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The HR-TEM results indicate that the synthesized Ag spherical-like nanoparticles were randomly loaded on the surface of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4)</SUB>. In addition, the Ag/g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> nanocomposites exhibited 2.5 times higher photocatalytic activity than pristine g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> for the degradation of malachite green (MG) dye under UV irradiation.

Green Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Using Lonicera Japonica Flower Extract

Nagajyothi, P.C.,Lee, Seong-Eon,An, Minh,Lee, Kap-Duk Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.8

A simple green method was developed for rapid synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs) has been reported using Lonicera japonica flower extract as a reducing and a capping agent. AgNPs and AuNPs were carried out at $70^{\circ}C$. The successful formation of AgNPs and AuNPs have been confirmed by UV-Vis spectro photometer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). To our knowledge, this is the first report where Lonicera japonica flower was found to be a suitable plant source for the green synthesis of AgNPs and AuNPs.

Green Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Using Lonicera Japonica Flower Extract

P. C. Nagajyothi,Seong Eon Lee,Min Han,Kap Duk Lee 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.8

A simple green method was developed for rapid synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs) has been reported using Lonicera japonica flower extract as a reducing and a capping agent. AgNPs and AuNPs were carried out at 70 oC. The successful formation of AgNPs and AuNPs have been confirmed by UV-Vis spectro photometer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). To our knowledge, this is the first report where Lonicera japonica flower was found to be a suitable plant source for the green synthesis of AgNPs and AuNPs.

A simple sonochemical approach of Mn2+ doped ZnO nanopowder: structural, optical and magnetic studies

Babu, B.,Nagajyothi, E.,Shin, D. S.,Ravikumar, R. V.,Park, J. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Journal of materials science Materials in electron Vol.27 No.1

<P>Mn2+ doped ZnO nanopowder was prepared by simple sonochemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, optical absorption (UV-Vis), photoluminescence (PL), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and magnetization have been used to characterize the sample. XRD study revealed that Mn2+ doped ZnO had wurtzite hexagonal structure. Composition analysis by EDX indicated the presence of small amounts of manganese. Crystal field (Dq) and interelectronic repulsion (B, C) parameters are evaluated from optical absorption. Spin-Hamiltonian and bonding parameters are evaluated from the EPR study. Optical and EPR confirms that the Mn2+ entered into ZnO lattice as distorted octahedral site symmetry. FT-IR spectrum exhibited vibrational bands of Zn-O bonds. PL spectrum shows the emission bands in UV and visible region. Magnetization loop was measured and clearly shows typical ferromagnetic saturation behavior. The results suggest oxygen vacancies, especially singly ionized oxygen vacancies, play a crucial role in mediating ferromagnetism in the Mn doped ZnO system.</P>

Differential sensitivity of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells to epinephrine

Muthuraman, P.,Nagajyothi, P. C.,Chandrasekaran, M.,Enkhtaivan, G.,Venkitasamy, B.,Kim, D. H.,Cho, M.,Shim, J. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 The journal of nutrition, health & aging Vol.20 No.5

<P>Catecholamines regulate a variety of cellular functions in the mammalian kidney. The present study was aimed to investigate the differential sensitivity of Madin-Darby Kidney Cells (MDCK cells) to epinephrine in a dose-dependent manner. The loss of adhesion and altered cell shape were observed in MDCK cells. The presence of apoptosis and necrosis were studied by the fluorescence microscope and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis showed several surface microvilli, and cells were rounded having ruffled and crenated surface. Agarose gel electrophoresis study showed the presence of smearing, which further confirms the occurrence of necrosis. The fluorescence staining study showed the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Up-regulation of p53, bax, and caspase 3 mRNA expressions was evidenced by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Caspase 3 activity was also increased in epinephrine treated cells. Our experimental results do not imply that the epinephrine should not be used in the clinical treatments. However, our results add a research note of caution on the possible cytotoxic effect of maximal doses of epinephrine over a prolonged time.</P>

Determination of Band Alignment in the Synergistic Catalyst of Electronic Structure-Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Integrated Ceria Quantum-Dot Heterojunctions for Rapid Degradation of Organic Pollutants

Sreekanth, T. V. M.,Nagajyothi, P. C.,Dillip, G. R.,Lee, Yong Rok American Chemical Society 2017 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.121 No.45

<P>We engineered novel heterojunction ceria (CeO<SUB>2</SUB>) QDs decorated on the surfaces of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) nanosheets by a facile in situ hydrothermal synthetic route. Using core-level/valence-band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and work function measurements of the materials, we constructed the energy band alignment at the heterojunction. The band alignment has a Type-II alignment between organic (g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) and inorganic (CeO<SUB>2</SUB> QDs) semiconductors junction with valence/conduction band offsets (VBO/CBO) of −0.07/–0.31 eV. The calculated band alignment parameters of the heterojunction were compared with the experimental values of g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>/CeO<SUB>2</SUB> QD composite and a new energy band diagram was proposed for the electronic structure-modified g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>/CeO<SUB>2</SUB> QDs heterojunction. The newly constructed heterojunction is formed by carbon-vacancy-promoted g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> coupled to lower defect-mediated (oxygen vacancies) CeO<SUB>2</SUB>, as determined by high-resolution XPS analysis. Moreover, the CeO<SUB>2</SUB> QD distribution on g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> sheets using HR-TEM and the lattice parameter variations of g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>/CeO<SUB>2</SUB> QDs as compared with those of pristine CeO<SUB>2</SUB> QDs from Rietveld refinement were investigated. To demonstrate the ability of the proposed heterojunction as a catalyst, we tested the catalytic activity of the composite junction for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in the presence of NaBH<SUB>4</SUB> as an example. The band alignment mechanism is useful for promoting the catalytic activity of the graphitic carbon nitride-based organic semiconductor and will attract researchers’ attention for developing new composite heterojunction catalysts for multifunctional applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2017/jpccck.2017.121.issue-45/acs.jpcc.7b08568/production/images/medium/jp-2017-08568k_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp7b08568'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Ultra-sonication-assisted silver nanoparticles using <i>Panax ginseng</i> root extract and their anti-cancer and antiviral activities

Sreekanth, T.V.M.,Nagajyothi, P.C.,Muthuraman, P.,Enkhtaivan, G.,Vattikuti, S.V.P.,Tettey, C.O.,Kim, Doo Hwan,Shim, Jaesool,Yoo, Kisoo Elsevier 2018 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology Biology Vol.188 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A simple, inexpensive ultra-sonication method was used to synthesize quasi spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with an aqueous extract from <I>Panax ginseng</I> roots. This method has the advantages of being completely eco-friendly and allows increased reaction rates, uniform dispersal of the nanoparticles in liquids, and effective breaking of aggregates. Biomolecules present in plant extracts are often used to reduce metal ions to nanoparticles in a single-step green synthesis route. The formation of the AgNPs was characterized using UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy- dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The formation of AgNPs (456 nm) was confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy. HR-TEM analysis revealed that most of the AgNPs were quasi spherical with sizes ranging from approximately 5 to 15 nm. The crystalline nature of the AgNPs was confirmed by XRD, and the presence of elemental silver was confirmed by energy-dispersive X -ray analysis. The AgNPs showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells in vitro (3.88% at 0.005 M, 5.11% at 0.01 M, 7.52% at 0.015 M, 11.19% at 0.02 M, and 19.45% at 0.025 M) as revealed by sulforhodamine B assay. They were also shown to be virucidal against the influenza A virus (strain A/PR/8). Hence, the present facile, eco-friendly, and efficient method results in the synthesis of AgNPs that can act as an alternative biomaterial for future biomedical applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> AgNPs synthesized via green route using <I>Panax ginseng</I> root aqueous extract. </LI> <LI> AgNPs were spherical in shape, with a crystallite size of 5 to 15 nm. </LI> <LI> In addition, the green synthesized AgNPs were studied for in-vitro cytotoxic and antiviral activities. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>