Breeding of Productive Bivoltine Hybrid, CSR16 x CSR17 of Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

N. Mal Reddy,G.V. Kalpana,S. B. Dandin,R. K. Datta,H. K. Basavaraja,N. Suresh Kumar,P. G. Joge 한국잠사학회 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.2

The breeding work was initiated by utilizing two Japanese hybrids namely C135 ´ N134 and N137 ´ C146 along with two evolved Indian breeds, J14 and A24. The breed CSR16 which is characterized with marked larvae and white dumbbell cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid C135 ´ N134 by crossing with J14, while the breed CSR17 which is characterized with plain larvae and white oval cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid N137 ´ C146 by crossing with A24. The hybrid of these evolved breeds i.e., CSR16 ´ CSR17 has shown superior over control hybrid KA ´ NB4D2 and on par with the ruling hybrid of CSR2 ´ CSR4. The hybrid CSR16 ´ CSR17 was authorized during 1999 by Central Silk Board, Bangalore, Government of India for commercial exploitation during favourable months based on national level race authorization test.

Breeding of Productive Bivoltine Hybrid, CSR16×CSR17 of Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

( N. Mal Reddy ),( H. K. Basavaraja ),( N. Suresh Kumar ),( P. G. Joge ),( G. V. Kalpana ),( S. B. Dandin ),( R. K. Datta ) 한국잠사학회 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.2

The breeding work was initiated by utilizing two Japanese hybrids namely C135×N134 and N137×C146 along with two evolved Indian breeds, J14 and A24. The breed CSR16 which is characterized with marked larvae and white dumbbell cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid C135×N134 by crossing with J14, while the breed CSR17 which is characterized with plain larvae and white oval cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid N137×C146 by crossing with A24. The hybrid of these evolved breeds i.e., CSR16×CSR17 has shown superior over control hybrid KA×NB4D2 and on par with the ruling hybrid of CSR2×CSR4. The hybrid CSR16×CSR17 was authorized during 1999 by Central Silk Board, Bangalore, Government of India for commercial exploitation during favourable months based on national level race authorization test.

Synthesis and Characterization of BAB and CBABC Tri- and PentaBlock Copolymers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Santosh Kumar,C. N. Murthy,이재석 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.10

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique was applied successfully for the synthesis of poly(n-butyl methacrylate-b-styrene-b-n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA-b-PS-b-PBMA), (BAB) and poly(methyl methacrylate-b-n-butyl methacrylate-b-styrene-b-n-butyl methacrylate-b-methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-PBMAb-PS-b-PBMA-b-PMMA), (CBABC) linear tri- and pentablock copolymers, respectively, in solution for the first time. Difunctional polystyrene macroinitiator that contains a bromide end-group was prepared by ATRP of styrene with dimethyl-2,6-dibromoheptanedioate (DMDBHD). The formation of block copolymers was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance (^1H NMR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Good agreement was observed between the theoretical and experimental molecular weights. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) was narrow and did not change much with the progress of the reaction. A linear increase in the number average molecular weight (M_n) with conversion was observed indicating that the polymerizations followed a ‘living’/controlled process. Both BAB and CBABC block copolymers showed core-shell type flower-like micellar structures when toluene is used as a selective solvent for A block (polystyrene).

Breeding of Productive Bivoltine Hybrid, CSR16${\times}$CSR17 of Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

Reddy, N.Mal,Basavaraja, H.K.,Kumar, N.Suresh,Joge, P.G.,Kalpana, G.V.,Dandin, S.B.,Datta, R.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.2

The breeding work was initiated by utilizing two Japanese hybrids namely C135${\times}$N134 and N137${\times}$C146 along with two evolved Indian breeds, J14 and A24. The breed CSR16 which is characterized with marked larvae and white dumbbell cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid C135${\times}$N134 by crossing with J14, while the breed CSR17 which is characterized with plain larvae and white oval cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid N137${\times}$C146 by crossing with A24. The hybrid of these evolved breeds i.e., CSR16${\times}$CSR17 has shown superior over control hybrid $KA{\times}{NB_4}{D_2}$ and on par with the ruling hybrid of CSR2${\times}$CSR4. The hybrid CSR16${\times}$CSR17 was authorized during 1999 by Central Silk Board, Bangalore, Government of India for commercial exploitation during favourable months based on national level race authorization test.

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of expression in rice seedling roots in response to supplemental nitrogen

Chandran, A.K.N.,Priatama, R.A.,Kumar, V.,Xuan, Y.,Je, B.I.,Kim, C.M.,Jung, K.H.,Han, C.d. G. Fischer 2016 Journal of plant physiology Vol.200 No.-

<P>Nitrogen (N) is the most important macronutrient for plant growth and grain yields. For rice crops, nitrate and ammonium are the major N sources. To explore the genomic responses to ammonium supplements in rice roots, we used 17-day-old seedlings grown in the absence of external N that were then exposed to 0.5 mM (NH4)(2)SO4 for 3 h. Transcriptomic profiles were examined by microarray experiments. In all, 634 genes were up-regulated at least two-fold by the N-supplement when compared with expression in roots from untreated control plants. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that those upregulated genes are associated with 23 GO terms. Among them, metabolic processes for diverse amino acids (i.e., aspartate, threonine, tryptophan, glutamine, L-phenylalanine, and thiamin) as well as nitrogen compounds are highly over-represented, demonstrating that our selected genes are suitable for studying the N-response in roots. This enrichment analysis also indicated that nitrogen is closely linked to diverse transporter activities by primary metabolites, including proteins (amino acids), lipids, and carbohydrates, and is associated with carbohydrate catabolism and cell wall organization. Integration of results from omics analysis of metabolic pathways and transcriptome data using the MapMan tool suggested that the TCA cycle and pathway for mitochondrial electron transport are co-regulated when rice roots are exposed to ammonium. We also investigated the expression of N-responsive marker genes by performing a comparative analysis with root samples from plants grown under different NH4+ treatments. The diverse responses to such treatment provide useful insight into the global changes related to the shift from an N-deficiency to an enhanced N-supply in rice, a model crop plant. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.</P>

Bearing capacity factor N_γ for a rough conical footing

Khatri, Vishwas N.,Kumar, Jyant Techno-Press 2009 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.1 No.3

The bearing capacity factor $N_{\gamma}$ is computed for a rough conical footing placed over horizontal ground surface. The axisymmetric lower bound limit analysis formulation, in combination with finite elements and linear programming, proposed recently by the authors is used in this study. The variation of $N_{\gamma}$ with cone apex angle (${\beta}$), in a range of $30^{\circ}-180^{\circ}$, is obtained for different values of ${\phi}$; where ${\phi}$ is soil friction angle. For ${\phi}<30^{\circ}$, the magnitude of $N_{\gamma}$ is found to decrease continuously with an increase in ${\beta}$ from $30^{\circ}$ to $180^{\circ}$. On the other hand, for ${\phi}>30^{\circ}$, the minimum magnitude of $N_{\gamma}$ is found to occur generally between ${\beta}=120^{\circ}$ and ${\beta}=150^{\circ}$. In all the cases, it is noticed that the magnitude of $N_{\gamma}$ becomes maximum for ${\beta}=30^{\circ}$. For a given diameter of the cone, the area of the plastic zone reduces generally with an increase in ${\beta}$. The obtained values of $N_{\gamma}$ are found to compare quite well with those available in literature.

드라이 드릴 가공에서 다양한 코팅 드릴공구의 마모 및 가공 성능 개선에 대한 연구

N. Suresh Kumar Reddy,전강민,양민양 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

Drilling is one of the most commonly used machining processes in various industries such as automotive, aircraft and aerospace, die and molds, home appliance, medical and electronic equipment industries. In recent years, the improvement in the coatings of carbide tools and in the chemical and mechanical properties of tool materials has caused the increase of tool working life in machining processes. This fact has allowed the use of so called dry machining technology. The main objective of this work is to compare the performance of various coated carbide drills in dry drilling of SCM 440 (medium-carbon chrome-molybdenum steel) material based on the combined study of the evolution of tool wear and quality of machined holes. Tool wear was measured with optical microscope and quality of holes was estimated in terms of geometrical accuracy. Taking into consideration of all the conclusions reached m this work, the most important one is depending on the application of the machined component, the state of the work-piece could be more restrictive than the tool wear, and the end of tool life should be established from the point of view of controlled damage in a work-piece.

Identification of Degradation Products in the Phosphodiesterase (PDE-4) Inhibitor Roflumilast Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Density Functional Theory Calculations

( Saroj Kumar Paul ),( Upendra N. Dash ) 한국질량분석학회 2015 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.6 No.2

Roflumilast analogs are a group of drugs which act as selective photodiesterase (PDE-4) inhibitor for the treatment severe chronic pulmonary disease associated with chronic brochnonities. Structural identification of degradation products using high resolution mass spectrometry and theoretical investigation by density functional theory have been successfully carried out on roflumilast to identify four degradation products namely, 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine, N-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-hydroxy benzamide, N-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy) benzamide and 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-N- (3,5-dichloro-1-oxidopyridin-4-yl)-4-(difluoro methoxy) benzamide, generated in alkali, acidic and oxidative conditions.

Midgut Microflora of Pure Mysore (Multivoltine) and N$B_4D_2$ (Bivoltine) Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Races During Late Larval Instars

Chowdary, N.B.,Kumaer, Virendra,Kumar, Vineet Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2002 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.4 No.2

The qualitative and quantitative changes of bacterial flora associated with the Pure Mysore (Multivoltine) and NB$_4$D$_2$ (Bivoltine) silkworm (Bombyx modi L.) midgut during third, fourth and fifth instars were studied. Larvae reared on mulberry leaves were dissected and their midgut bacterial populations were enumerated through serial dilution technique and after 72 hrs of incubation period at 28 $\pm$ 1$^{\circ}C$, the bacterial population was estimated. The results showed a highest mean value of 15$\times$10/ sup 6/ sup 6/ CFU/g and 28$\times$10/ sup 6/ CFU/g in Pure Mysore and NB$_4$D$_2$races, respectively, in midgut tissue of fifth instar larvae. The natural epiphytic microflora of mulberry leaves fed during the respective instars was also studied and found maximum 14$\times$10$^3$ CFU/g in leaves fed in third instars, followed by 5.3$\times$10$^3$ CFU/g and 2.1$\times$10$^3$ CFU/g in leaves fed during fourth and fifth instars, respectively. The bacterial flora colonized in midgut was found to be elaborating amylase, caseinase, gelatinase, lipase and urease enzymes. The highest percentages of isolates were amylase producers followed by protein and lipid splitters in Pure Mysore, whereas in NB$_4$D$_2$ protein splitter were dominated followed by lipase and amylase producers in NB$_4$D$_2$. The results indicate that the natural microflora may play a vital role in the digestion of ingested food materials in silkworms.

Identification of Degradation Products in the Phosphodiesterase (PDE-4) Inhibitor Roflumilast Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Density Functional Theory Calculations

Paul, Saroj Kumar,Dash, Upendra N. Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2015 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.6 No.2

Roflumilast analogs are a group of drugs which act as selective photodiesterase (PDE-4) inhibitor for the treatment severe chronic pulmonary disease associated with chronic brochnonities. Structural identification of degradation products using high resolution mass spectrometry and theoretical investigation by density functional theory have been successfully carried out on roflumilast to identify four degradation products namely, 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine, N-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-hydroxy benzamide, N-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy) benzamide and 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-N-(3,5-dichloro-1-oxidopyridin-4-yl)-4-(difluoro methoxy) benzamide, generated in alkali, acidic and oxidative conditions.