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Min Liao,Jinlin Zhou,Haiyan Gong,Damdinsuren Boldbaatar,Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji,Banzragch Battur,Jianbao Dong,Yoshifumi Nishikawa,Myungjo You,Kozo Fujisaki 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
A full-length sequence of a thrombin inhibitor (designated as hemalin) from the midgut of pathenogenetic Haemaphysalis longicornis has been identified. Sequence analysis shows that this gene belongs to a Kunitz-type family, containing two Kunitz domains with high homology to boophilin, the thrombin inhibitor from Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The recombinant protein expressed in insect cells delays bovine plasma clotting time and inhibits both thrombin-induced fibrinogen clotting and platelet aggregation. A 20-kDa protein was detected from the midgut lysate with antiserum against recombinant hemalin. The gene expresses at all stages of the tick except for the egg stage and mainly in the midgut of the female adult tick. Real-time PCR analysis shows that this gene has a distinctly high expression level in the rapid bloodsucking period of the larvae, nymphs, and adults. Disruption of the hemalin gene led to a 2-day extension of the tick blood feeding period, and 27.7% of the ticks did not successfully complete the blood feeding. These findings indicate that the newly indentified thrombin inhibitor from the midgut of H. longicornis might play an important role in tick blood feeding.
Differences of Multiple Comparison Methods for Treatment Means
Jang-Ock Cha,Sehwan Shim,Sokho Kim,Gee-Wook Shin,Jong-Hoon Kim,Myungjo You,Jun-Gyo Suh,Jungkee Kwon 한국실험동물학회 2009 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.25 No.4
Contrary to T-test in only two groups, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is commonly used technique for comparing the means of two or more groups. Multiple comparison methods are often performed following a significant finding in the ANOVA. There are a number of multiple comparison procedures in the literature. Although several methods are commonly available in statistical software packages, some researchers face difficulties in interpreting their data. In this paper, we demonstrate the differences of several methods for the treatment means using SAS program.