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Biosynthesis of Au Nanoparticles Using Cumin Seed Powder Extract
Sneha, Krishnamurthy,Sathishkumar, Muthuswamy,Lee, Shi Yn,Bae, Min A.,Yun, Yeoung-Sang American Scientific Publishers 2011 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.11 No.2
<P>Cumin seed was investigated for synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Polydispersed particles were obtained at pH 3 and 30 degrees C, and the effect of temperature and pH on synthesis of gold nanoparticles was analyzed. TEM images showed that amount of platelets formed were predominant at lower temperature where as more number of monodispersed spherical particle of size 1-10 nm were perceived at high temperatures. The gold nanoparticles particles formed at higher pH were stable, uniform and spherical in shape. XPS analysis showed the presence of pure gold nanoparticles.</P>
Deadline Constrained Adaptive Multilevel Scheduling System in Cloud Environment
( Dinesh Komarasamy ),( Vijayalakshmi Muthuswamy ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.4
In cloud, everything can be provided as a service wherein a large number of users submit their jobs and wait for their services. Thus, scheduling plays major role for providing the resources efficiently to the submitted jobs. The brainwave of the proposed work is to improve user satisfaction, to balance the load efficiently and to bolster the resource utilization. Hence, this paper proposes an Adaptive Multilevel Scheduling System (AMSS) which will process the jobs in a multileveled fashion. The first level contains Preprocessing Jobs with Multi-Criteria (PJMC) which will preprocess the jobs to elevate the user satisfaction and to mitigate the jobs violation. In the second level, a Deadline Based Dynamic Priority Scheduler (DBDPS) is proposed which will dynamically prioritize the jobs for evading starvation. At the third level, Contest Mapping Jobs with Virtual Machine (CMJVM) is proposed that will map the job to suitable Virtual Machine (VM). In the last level, VM Scheduler is introduced in the two-tier VM architecture that will efficiently schedule the jobs and increase the resource utilization. These contributions will mitigate job violations, avoid starvation, increase throughput and maximize resource utilization. Experimental results show that the performance of AMSS is better than other algorithms.
( Eun Seon Jeong ),( Muthuswamy Sathishkumar ),( Rasu Jayabalan ),( Su Hyeon Jeong ),( Song Yie Park ),( Sung Phil Mun ),( Sei Eok Yun ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.10
5,5`-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) was selected as an electron transfer mediator and was covalently immobilized onto high porosity carbon cloth to employ as a working electrode in an electrochemical NAD+-regeneration process, which was coupled to an enzymatic reaction. The voltammetric behavior of DTNB attached to carbon cloth resembled that of DTNB in buffered aqueous solution, and the electrocatalytic anodic current grew continuously upon addition of NADH at different concentrations, indicating that DTNB is immobilized to carbon cloth effectively and the immobilized DTNB is active as a soluble one. The bioelectrocatalytic NAD+ regeneration was coupled to the conversion of L-glutamate into α-ketoglutarate by L-glutamate dehydrogenase within the same microreactor. The conversion at 3 mM monosodium glutamate was very rapid, up to 12 h, to result in 90%, and then slow up to 24 h, showing 94%, followed by slight decrease. Low conversion was shown when substrate concentration exceeding 4 mM was tested, suggesting that L-glutamate dehydrogenase is inhibited by α-ketoglutarate. However, our electrochemical NAD+ regeneration procedure looks advantageous over the enzymatic procedure using NADH oxidase, from the viewpoint of reaction time to completion.
Madeswaran, Arumugam,Umamaheswari, Muthuswamy,Asokkumar, Kuppusamy,Sivashanmugam, Thirumalaisamy,Subhadradevi, Varadharajan,Jagannath, Puliyath 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.4
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity of flavonoids using in silico docking studies. In this perspective, flavonoids like Apigenin, Baicalin, Chrysin, Genistein, Scopoletin and Caffeine were selected. Caffeine, a known phosphodiesterase inhibitor was used as the standard. In silico docking studies were carried out using AutoDock 4.2, based on the Lamarckian genetic algorithm principle. In the docking studies, three important parameters like binding energy, inhibition constant and intermolecular energy were determined. The results showed that all the selected flavonoids showed binding energy ranging between -7.59 kcal/mol to -5.66 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard (-4.77 kcal/mol). Inhibition constant (2.72 ${\mu}M$ to 71.03 ${\mu}M$) and intermolecular energy (-8.49 kcal/mol to -6.26 kcal/mol) of the flavonoids were coincide with the binding energy. All the selected flavonoids contributed phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity because of its functional groups. These molecular docking analyses could lead to the further development of potent phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
Biochemical Characteristics of Tea Fungus Produced During Kombucha Fermentation
Rasu Jayabalan,Kesavan Malini,Muthuswamy Sathishkumar,Krishnaswami Swaminathan,윤세억 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.3
Tea fungus is symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts, widely used to produce kombucha tea. Due to the rich biomass in tea fungus, it can be utilized as protein supplement in animal feed. The present study aimed to analyze the biochemical characteristics of tea fungus with the effect of fermentation time. Proximate,amino acids, and elemental analysis of tea fungus produced during kombucha fermentation were studied along with total count of microflora. Results suggested that tea fungus is rich in crude protein, crude fibre, and amino acid lysine. The biochemical characteristics of tea fungus studied were increased throughout the fermentation time.
Discovery of potential aldose reductase inhibitors using in silico docking studies
Madeswaran, Arumugam,Umamaheswari, Muthuswamy,Asokkumar, Kuppusamy,Sivashanmugam, Thirumalaisamy,Subhadradevi, Varadharajan,Jagannath, Puliyath 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.2
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the aldose reductase inhibitory activity of flavonoids using in silico docking studies. In this perspective, flavonoids like Apigenin, Baicalin, Daidzein, Epigallocatechin, Galangin, Genistein, Hesperitin, Naringenin, and Scopoletin were selected. Epalrestat, a known aldose reductase inhibitor was used as the standard. In silico docking studies were carried out using AutoDock 4.2, based on the Lamarckian genetic algorithm principle. In the docking studies, three important parameters like binding energy, inhibition constant and intermolecular energy were determined. The results showed that all the selected flavonoids showed binding energy ranging between -9.91 kcal/mol to -7.52 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard (-8.73 kcal/mol). Intermolecular energy (-11.40 kcal/mol to -8.71 kcal/mol) and inhibition constant (54.78 nM to $3.10{\mu}M$) of the flavonoids also coincide with the binding energy. All the selected flavonoids contributed aldose reductase inhibitory activity because of its functional groups. These molecular docking analyses could lead to the further development of potent aldose reductase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes.
A Generic Model of Memristors With Parasitic Components
Sah, Maheshwar Pd.,Yang, Changju,Kim, Hyongsuk,Muthuswamy, Bharathwaj,Jevtic, Jovan,Chua, Leon IEEE 2015 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS PART 1 R Vol.62 No.3
<P>In this paper, a generic model of memristive systems, which can emulate the behavior of real memristive devices is proposed. Non-ideal pinched hysteresis loops are sometimes observed in real memristive devices. For example, the hysteresis loops may deviate from the origin over a broad range of amplitude <TEX>$A$</TEX> and frequency <TEX>$f$</TEX> of the input signal. This deviation from the ideal case is often caused by parasitic circuit elements exhibited by real memristive devices. In this paper, we propose a generic memristive circuit model by adding four parasitic circuit elements, namely, a small capacitance, a small inductance, a small DC current source, and a small DC voltage source, to the memristive device. The adequacy of this model is verified experimentally and numerically with two thermistors (NTC and PTC) memristors.</P>
Formation of Crystalline Metal Nanoparticles by Marine Isolates and Their Microbial Consortium
Yn, Lee Shi,Lee, Yang Soo,Sathishkumar, Muthuswamy,Krishnamurthy, Sneha,Yun, Yeoung-Sang American Society of Civil Engineers 2016 Journal of environmental engineering Vol.142 No.9
<P>The present study reports that microbes from marine sediments can reduce noble metal ions (Au, Ag, and Pt) to their nanoparticles (NPs). The microbes were initially screened for the synthesis of gold (Au) NPs through bioreduction. The cell-free extracts (CFE) of the most promising strain, Photobacterium sp. (MB 8), was further subjected to the synthesis of Ag, Au, and Pt NPs. The resulting metal NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM results revealed the presence of well-dispersed NPs in the presence of CFE. The residual concentration of metal ions was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the NPs confirmed the presence of crystalline Au and AgCl NPs. However, no peaks for the presence of crystalline Pt were observed. X-ray photon spectrometry (XPS) analysis of NPs obtained from synthetic wastewater confirmed the formation of nano-sized zero-valent Au and Ag. The consortium of microbes was found to be more efficient in bioreduction of ionic metals to zero-valent form than an individual strain.</P>
( Hiteshi Dhami-shah ),( Rama Vaidya ),( Shobha Udipi ),( Srividhya Raghavan ),( Shiny Abhijit ),( Viswanathan Mohan ),( Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam ),( Ashok Vaidya ) 대한간학회 2018 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.24 No.1
Background/Aims: Hepatic steatosis is caused by an imbalance between free fatty acids (FFAs) uptake, utilization, storage, and disposal. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in FFAs accumulation and its modulation could drive the development of potential therapies for Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of the current study was to explore the effects of picroside II, a phytoactive found in Picrorhiza kurroa, on fatty acid accumulation vis-a-vis silibinin, a known hepatoprotective phytoactive from Silybum marianum. Methods: HepG2 cells were loaded with FFAs (oleic acid:palmitic acid/2:1) for 20 hours to mimic hepatic steatosis. The FFAs concentration achieving maximum fat accumulation and minimal cytotoxicity (500 μM) was standardized. HepG2 cells were exposed to the standardized FFAs concentration with and without picroside II pretreatment. Results: Picroside II pretreatment inhibited FFAs-induced lipid accumulation by attenuating the expression of fatty acid transport protein 5, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and stearoyl CoA desaturase. Preatreatment with picroside II was also found to decrease the expression of forkhead box protein O1 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Conclusions: These findings suggest that picroside II effectively attenuated fatty acid accumulation by decreasing FFAs uptake and lipogenesis. Picroside II also decreased the expression of gluconeogenic genes. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2018;24:77-87)
Saravanakumar Sundararajan,Isaivani Jayachandran,Gautam Kumar Pandey,Saravanakumar Venkatesan,Anusha Rajagopal,Kuppan Gokulakrishnan,Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam,Viswanathan Mohan,Nagaraj Manickam 한국지질동맥경화학회 2023 지질·동맥경화학회지 Vol.12 No.3
Objective: In previous research, we found that Sestrin2 has a strong association with plasma atherogenicity and combats the progression of atherogenesis by regulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Metformin, an activator of AMPK, is widely used as a first-line therapy for diabetes, but its role in preventing atherosclerosis and cardiac outcomes is unclear. Hence, we aimed to assess the effect of metformin on preventing atherosclerosis and its regulatory role in the Sestrin2-AMPK -mTOR pathway in obese/diabetic rats. Methods: Animals were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity, administered streptozotocin to induce diabetes, and then treated with metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) for 14 weeks. Aorta and heart tissues were analyzed for Sestrin2 status by western blotting and immunohistochemistry, AMPK and mTOR activities were investigated using western blotting, and atherogenicity-related events were evaluated using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histology. Results: Obese and diabetic rats showed significant decrease in Sestrin2 levels and AMPK activity, accompanied by increased mTOR activity in the heart and aorta tissues. Metformin treatment significantly restored Sestrin2 and AMPK levels, reduced mTOR activity, and restored the altered expression of inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules in obese and diabetic rats to normal levels. A histological analysis of samples from obese and diabetic rats showed atherosclerotic lesions both in aorta and heart tissues. The metformin-treated rats showed a decrease in atherosclerotic lesions, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiomyocyte degeneration. Conclusion: This study presents further insights into the beneficial effects of metformin and its protective role against atherosclerosis through regulation of the Sestrin2-AMPK-mTOR pathway.