Management of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of the Most Perishable Fruits

KHAN, Muhammad Ahsan,Muhammad ASHFAQ,Waseem AKRAM,이종진 한국곤충학회 2005 Entomological Research Vol.35 No.2

Biological nitrogen fixation by the microorganisms in the gut of termites is one of the singularly important symbiotic processes, since termites invariably thrive on nitrogen poor diet. Two isolates of free living aerobic and facultative anaerobic N fixing bacteria were obtained from the guts of fungus cultivating termite, Macrotermes sp. Among the total bacterial isolates from termite gut, the per cents of N fixing aerobes viz., Azotobacter and Beijerinckia spp were 49% and 37% from the salivary gland while facultative N fixing anaerobe viz., Klebsiella and Clostridium contributed (51% and 93%). The free living aerobic bacteria were identified as Azotobacter spp (19×104 CFU mL-1) and Beijerinckia (13.2×104 CFU mL-1) from the salivary gland of the termite; interestingly, foregut, mid gut and hind gut registered a low population of these bacteria. The isolates of Azotobacter were smooth, glistening, vicid in nature, rods, gram negative and cyst forming. Isolates of Beijerinckia sp. produced copious slime, tenacious, rods, gram negative with no cyst formations. Both the isolates emitted green fluorescence and produced acid. Facultative N fixing anaerobes were harbored in the hind gut. The isolates were identified as Klebsiella (20×104 CFU mL-1) and Clostridium pasteurianum 39.1×104 CFU mL-1. Klebsiella were straight rods arranged singly or in pairs, non-motile, gram negative, whereas Clostridium pasteurianum was viscoid, motile with terminal spores. A positive correlation was observed between the extractable of these isolates and soil aggregation. The aggregates formed by the isolates increased soil aeration, porosity, water holding capacity and helped in better plant growth. Thus, the gut microflora of termite, apart from harnessing nitrogen from the atmosphere, also helps improving soil fertility.

Effects of optimum doses of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium on silkworm, Bombyx mori L., growth and yield

Muhammad A. KHAN,Waseem AKRAM,Muhammad ASHFAQ,Hafiz A. A. KHAN,이종진,김연국 한국곤충학회 2010 Entomological Research Vol.40 No.6

Silkworm rearing has been an income source for small-holding farmers in Pakistan. Over the years efforts have been made to improve silkworm quality and quantity and thus develop better prospects for increasing yield and income. Mulberry leaves Morus alba L. in a series of experiments have been supplemented with various nutrients in different doses and combinations. Relative success has been achieved in this context. In our present experiments on silkworm Bombyx mori L., we fed the larvae on mulberry leaves supplemented with different doses of N (0.2%), P (0.1%), K (0.3%) and Ca (0.1%) at 26 ± 3°C with 65 ± 5% relative humidity. The results showed better outputs in terms of food consumption (72.55 g/10 larvae), coefficient of utilization (76.45%), body weight (70.07 g/10 larvae) and body length (8.56 cm/larvae) than where simple mulberry leaves were offered. Our net gains with these production parameters have been in terms of heavier cocoons with and without pupa (2.25 and 0.69 g/cocoon), respectively.

Homomorphic Encryption Technologies for Cloud Computing

Khowla Khaliq,Muhammad Usman Bilal,Rimsha Khalid,Muhammad Waseem Iqbal,Muhammad Aqeel,Muhammad Adnan Khan 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2022 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10

Security is the major concern about data especially when we are storing it on the cloud and handing over it to the third force as the cloud resource supplier. We store our important data on the cloud in the shape of cipher-text but we have to convert it to plain text to perform calculations on it, which disturb its security including confidentiality, privacy, authentication, etc. so, our ultimate goal was to introduce some of the best encryption technique for securing data. In this regard, we have discussed Homomorphic Encryption (HE) in our paper. This survey is shown how HE could be used to make secure data on the cloud. HE is a technique in which data (plaintext) is converted in cipher-text (unreadable format). Users can perform required calculations on encrypted data without decrypting it and which does not affect the original form of data. This paper aims to focus on the fully homomorphic encryption technique. For this purpose, many approaches were analyzed and we suggested the best approach at the end of the paper.

Toxic potential of some indigenous plant oils against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus)

Hafiz Azhar Ali KHAN,Waseem AKRAM,이수미,Taskeen AHMAD,Kamran MAQSOOD,Hassan Ali KHAN,Muhammad Waqas NAZIR,Muhammad Faisal JAVAID 한국곤충학회 2019 Entomological Research Vol.49 No.3

The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic potential of five indigenous plant oils: black pepper (Piper nigrum), Chinese cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), garlic (Allium sativum), river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), and yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana), against laboratory reared Sitophilus oryzae adults. The bioassays were done by the diet incorporation method with concentrations ranging from 50 ppm to 500 ppm. Based on lethal concentrations to kill 50% (LC50) of the subjected weevils, T. peruviana proved to be the most toxic having the lowest LC50 values, 414.58, 201.94, and 129.52 ppm, after 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure, respectively, followed by E. camaldulensis (475.51, 366.65, and 251.28 ppm, respectively). The rest of the plant oils also showed toxic potential, but these were less toxic compared with T. peruviana and E. camaldulensis. With respect to the time taken to cause 50% mortality (LT50) of the exposed weevils, T. peruviana had LT50 at 14.54 days followed by P. nigrum (22.09 days), E. camaldulensis (24.29 days), and C. cassia (28.71 days). Whereas, A. sativum took the longest time (44.47 days) to cause 50% mortality of the exposed weevils. In conclusion, the result revealed toxic potential of tested plant oils, and suggests further studies under simulated-field conditions should be included in the management plan for S. oryzae.

Influence of weather on the moth catches of Helicoverpa armigera at various cotton-based agro-ecological sites

Khan Muhammad AHSAN,Waseem AKRAM,Faisal HAFEEZ 한국곤충학회 2009 Entomological Research Vol.39 No.3

Pheromones are innate products, exploited for direct population manipulation in the trapping of precise pest density. They demonstrate feasibility and efficiency against Helicopverpa armigera at five different cotton-based agro-ecological sites: river site, vegetable farm, orchard, clean cultivation site, and forest. The data were recorded at 15–20 day intervals from 8 September 2004 to 1 December 2006. The Number of moths caught during the study period demonstrated that the vegetable farm showed the maximum population of moths per trap (0.54), followed by the orchard (0.29), forest (0.19), river (0.15), and clean cultivation site (0.12). During 2004, rainfall (in the orchard and clean cultivation site) and relative humidity (in the clean cultivation site) showed positive and significant correlation with the number of moths caught. During 2005, temperatures played a significant and positive role in population fluctuation of the pest almost at all the selected sites; the minimum temperature was recorded at the vegetable farm and the average temperature was found at the forest site. Rainfall also showed a significant and positive correlation with trapped moths in the vegetable farm, orchard, and clean cultivation site. During 2006, relative humidity showed a significant and negative correlation with the trapped population at all the sites except the river site. Rainfall showed a negative and significant correlation with the pest at the forest site. Relative humidity was the most important aspect at 8.93% causing variation in the trapped population followed by maximum temperature (5.7%), rainfall (1.63%), average temperature (0.74%), and minimum temperature (0.56%).

SSCI Mitigation of Series-compensated DFIG Wind Power Plants with Robust Sliding Mode Controller using Feedback Linearization

Li, Penghan,Xiong, Linyun,Wang, Jie,Ma, Meiling,Khan, Muhammad Waseem The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2019 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.19 No.2

A robust controller is designed based on feedback linearization and sliding mode control to damp sub-synchronous control interaction (SSCI) in doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind power plants (WPPs) interfaced with the grid. A feedback-linearized sliding mode controller (FLSMC) is developed for the rotor-side converter (RSC) through feedback linearization, design of the sliding mode controller, and parameter tuning with the use of particle swarm optimization. A series-compensated 100-MW DFIG WPP is adopted in simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of the designed FLSMC at different compensation degrees and wind speeds. The performance of the designed controller in damping SSCI is compared with proportional-integral controller and conventional sub-synchronous resonance damping controller. Besides the better damping capability, the proposed FLSMC enhances robustness of the system under parameter variations.

SSCI Mitigation of Series-compensated DFIG Wind Power Plants with Robust Sliding Mode Controller using Feedback Linearization

Penghan Li,Linyun Xiong,Jie Wang,Meiling Ma,Muhammad Waseem Khan 전력전자학회 2019 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.19 No.2

A robust controller is designed based on feedback linearization and sliding mode control to damp sub-synchronous control interaction (SSCI) in doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind power plants (WPPs) interfaced with the grid. A feedback-linearized sliding mode controller (FLSMC) is developed for the rotor-side converter (RSC) through feedback linearization, design of the sliding mode controller, and parameter tuning with the use of particle swarm optimization. A series-compensated 100-MW DFIG WPP is adopted in simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of the designed FLSMC at different compensation degrees and wind speeds. The performance of the designed controller in damping SSCI is compared with proportional-integral controller and conventional sub-synchronous resonance damping controller. Besides the better damping capability, the proposed FLSMC enhances robustness of the system under parameter variations.