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Muhammad Ajaz Hussain,Khawar Abbas,Muhammad Sher,Muhammad Nawaz Tahir,Wolfgang Tremel,Mohammad Saeed Iqbal,Muhammad Amin,Munair Badshah 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.12
This article presents the synthesis of novel hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)-aspirin (ASP) conjugates,i.e. macromolecular prodrugs, through the reaction of HPMC with ASP after its in situ activation by 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. The highly pure ASP prodrugs obtained by this homogeneous and elegant esterification method were characterized using different spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. Nanoparticulate drug design was successfully achieved by the conversion of free hydroxyls of the polymer into acetates. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed nanoparticle formation with the major population size distribution of around 450 nm. Nevertheless, the pharmacokinetics of the HPMC conjugates were studied using high performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic data indicated that a single dose of 132.6 mg of HPMC-ASP was well tolerated in animal studies without any adverse effects. The maximum plasma concentration (C_max) of HPMC-ASP was found to be 14.6 μg·L^-1 with a t_max of 1 h. The plasma half-life and clearance and the volume of HPMC-ASP distribution were 4.6 h, 3.23 L·h^-1, and 21.8 L·kg^-1, respectively. The elimination of HPMC-ASP followed first-order kinetics with r^2 of 0.9643. The results presented in this paper show the great potential of HPMCASP as a more effective, safe, and stable prodrug.
Akhtar Muhammad Uzair,Hifzulrahman,Pasha Talat Naseer,Avais Muhammad,Khan Nauman,Chishti Ghazanfar Ali,Ali Mubashar,Imran Muhammad,Tahir Muhammad Naeem,Naveed-ul-Haque Muhammad 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.6
Objective: Hyperketonemia remains a major metabolic issue of serious milk production and a major health concern in early lactation cows. Oral supplementation of glucose precursors (GP) can be used to prevent hyperketonemia in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of orally supplementing a mixture of GP on metabolic health indicators and milk production status of primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) dairy cows. Methods: Twenty-eight Holstein cows were blocked by expected date of parturition, previous lactation yield, and parity. The cows were randomly allocated to one of the four treatment groups (n = 7 cows/group) based on their parity and GP supplementation: i) PP cows fed basal diet only (PP-CON), ii) PP cows with oral supplementation of GP (PP-GP), iii) MP cows fed basal diet only (MP-CON), and iv) MP cows with oral supplementation of GP (MP-GP). Glucose precursor (glycoline liquid) was orally drenched (300 mL/d) in GP cows from 7 days prepartum through 7 days postpartum. Other than GP supplementation, all cows were fed similar pre- and postpartum basal diets. Results: In both pre- and postpartum periods, serum glucose concentration was increased, whereas β-hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acids were decreased in GP cows compared with the CON cows. Milk yield and milk components were statistically not different between GP and CON cows over the first 9 week of lactation. The yield of actual milk, energycorrected milk, 63-days cumulative milk, colostrum yield, and calf birth weight remained higher in MP cows compared with PP cows. Conclusion: Oral drenching of GP around calving can be recommended to successfully improve the metabolic health and reduce the negative effects of hyperketonemia not only in MP but also in PP dairy cows.
Optimization analysis of the absorption-stabilization process for fluid catalytic cracking unit
Hussain Muhammad Saddam,Ahmed Ashfaq,Yibin Liu,Amin Muhammad Nadeem,Zahoor Tahir,Saleem Muhammad Afnan,Roh Kosan,Hussain Murid,Abu Bakar Muhammad Saifullah,박영권 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.7
The absorption-stabilization process (ASP), an important part of petroleum refinery used in the end-use products of petroleum (such as stable gasoline, liquid petroleum gas, and dry gas), is energy-intensive and has low product quality. Aspen Plus process simulator was used for the development of the ASP process model. The developed process model was validated with the actual plant data. The validated model was used to optimize to minimize the cost of the ASP. This work shows that the optimization analysis of the ASP can further improve the product quality and reduce thermal energy consumption. In the new process, changing feeding parameters of supplementary absorption oil, stripping tower intermediate reboiler, and feeding position of stabilization tower reduced the C3 contents of dry gas considerably and lowered the C2 and lighter contents of LPG. Additionally, the new process saved 1.32 MW of thermal energy consumption compared with the existing process. The operating cost has been reduced from 10.921 million USD annually to 9.830 million USD per year. Furthermore, the cost-saving effect of this optimization is about 9.99% (1.091 million USD per year).
Stock Market Response to Terrorist Attacks: An Event Study Approach
TAHIR, Safdar Husain,TAHIR, Furqan,SYED, Nausheen,AHMAD, Gulzar,ULLAH, Muhammad Rizwan Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.9
The purpose of this research study is to examine the stock market's response to terrorist attacks. The study uses data of terrorist attacks in different parts of the country (Pakistan) from June 1, 2014 to May 31, 2017. The event window procedure applies to a 16-day window in which 5 days before and 10 days after the attack. In addition, several event windows have been built to test the response of the Pakistan Stock Exchange. KSE-100 index is taken as proxy of response. The total terrorist attacks are classified into four categories: attacks on law enforcement agencies, attacks on civilians, attacks on special places and attacks on politicians, government employees and bureaucrats. The standard market model is used to estimate the abnormal return of the Pakistan Stock Exchange, which takes 252 business days each year. Furthermore, BMP test is used to check statistical significance of cumulative abnormal rate of return (CAAR). The results of this study reveal that total number of terrorist attacks and attacks on law enforcement agencies show long-term effects on Pakistan stock exchange. However, attacks on civilians, attacks on special places and attacks on politicians, government employees and bureaucrats have little effect on the Pakistan Stock Exchange.
Tahir, Muhammad Nouman,Hameed, Amir,Amin, Imran,Mansoor, Shahid The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2017 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.33 No.5
Spinach is a vegetable crop which is widely grown over a large area especially in Punjab province of Pakistan. Leaf curling and enations on spinach plant collected shown to be associated with the begomovirus Pedilanthus leaf curl virus (PeLCV) and Shahdadpur strain of Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite ($CLCuMB^{Sha}$). Defective molecules of half and quarter size derived from monopartite begomoviruses are usually generated by the deletion of virion-sense sequences. Characterization of defective molecules of PeLCV from spinach revealed that the molecules of half the size are derived from the deletion of complementary-sense genes while quarter size molecule appears to have evolved by further deletion. This is the first report of the begomovirus-betasatellite complex on spinach and unusual defective molecules derived from deletion of complementary-sense genes in Pakistan.
TAHIR, Safdar Husain,SADIQUE, Muhammad Abu Bakar,SYED, Nausheen,REHMAN, Faiza,ULLAH, Muhammad Rizwan Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.8
Based on the theoretical underpinnings of the agency theory and liquidity theory, the purpose of this study is to show how managers who want to enhance the performance of Pakistan's non-financial sector can use liquidity policy in relation to corporate governance. Nowadays, Pakistan is facing a severe liquidity crisis; this study contributes by examining the mediating role of liquidity on the link of corporate governance-performance. We use data from 63 firms from 2010 to 2018, excluding 17 outliers. To analyze the data, we use the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SURE) model and nlcom-Stata test. Our findings support the mediating role of liquidity on the link between corporate governance and performance. In addition, the results show that corporate governance improves performance. Furthermore, the study supports a significant positive association of liquidity and performance. For robustness, we use two performance variables - return on assets (ROA) and Tobin's q (TQ) - where ROA represents full mediation and TQ indicates partial mediation. This study helps to use liquidity policy to strengthen the inside and outside dimensions of corporate governance mechanisms that improve the performance of firms. Overall, these findings suggest better disclosure, transparency, and solutions to auditing issues that add value to the firms.