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- 저자 : Mudge, Joann (검색결과 3 건)
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이진욱,Kenneth W. Mudge 한국원예학회 2013 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.54 No.6
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) produces pharmacologically active secondary compounds known as ginsenosides which have been shown to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. In a greenhouse experiment, effects of water deficit on ginseng plant growth, predawn leaf water potential (ΨLeaf), soil water potential (ΨSoil), leaf abscisic acid (ABA) concentration, and root ginsenoside contents as well as photosynthesis-related physiological responses were studied. Three-year-old seedlings, grown in 200 mL volume of plastic pots, were well watered for 45 days prior to the initiation of water deficit treatments. Plants in the water deficit treatments were irrigated every 10 or 20 days for the mild and severe water deficit treatments, respectively, while the control plants were watered every 4 days. The experiment was terminated after 15, 6, and 3 dry down cycles (60 days) for the control, mild,and severe water deficit treatments, respectively. As water deficit progressed, both ΨSoil and ΨLeaf decreased, but foliar ABA concentration increased. Other physiological responses to water deficit, including transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and CO2 assimilation rate, were decreased. Water deficit decreased root growth, but unaffected shoot growth. Foliar chlorophyll content was also decreased in the water deficit treatments. The contents of individual ginsenosides Re, Rb1, Rc and Rd, and total ginsenosides were increased in the storage roots of water deficit-treated plants as compared with well-watered controls. Rootlet fresh weight before transplanting (RFWBT) as a covariate had a significant effect on the contents of ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, and Rb2. Overall, the results indicate that water deficit could contribute not only to reducing plant performance but also increasing the levels of ABA and certain ginsenoisdes.
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Gypsum Effects on Plant Growth, Nutrients, Ginsenosides, and Their Relationship in American Ginseng
이진욱,Kenneth W. Mudge 한국원예학회 2013 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.54 No.3
Wild American ginseng is typically found in the shade of deciduous forests, in slightly acidic soils with a relatively high Ca content. Wood-cultivated ginseng is often grown using forest farming agroforestry systems under similar conditions. Supplementing Ca by soil incorporation of gypsum (CaSO4・2H2O) is often recommended for wood-cultivated ginseng. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of gypsum application on ginseng growth,tissue nutrients, and ginsenoside contents in American ginseng. Three-year-old rootlets were grown for 120 days with 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 Mt・ha-1 gypsum in greenhouse containers. Gypsum application reduced the soil pH slightly and elevated soil electrical conductivity (EC) and available soil Ca and S contents. While the Ca content in the ginseng increased with increasing levels of applied gypsum, shoot and root growth decreased. Root fresh weight prior to transplanting primarily affected the contents of ginsenoside Re, Rb1, Rc, and Rd and total ginsenosides. Gypsum treatment increased ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, and Rd and total ginsenoside contents. Furthermore, soil Ca, Mn, Cu, and Al contents positively correlated with total ginsenoside, but Mg was negatively correlated. HPLC analysis of root ginsenosides revealed that, although the concentrations of ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, and Rd increased with gypsum treatment, the contents of total ginsenosides were reduced. Changes in concentration may result from reduced root growth. Therefore, the results suggest that excess gypsum application (over 2 Mt・ha-1) is not beneficial for American ginseng production due to reduced plant growth.
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A highly annotated whole-genome sequence of a Korean individual
Kim, Jong-Il,Ju, Young Seok,Park, Hansoo,Kim, Sheehyun,Lee, Seonwook,Yi, Jae-Hyuk,Mudge, Joann,Miller, Neil A.,Hong, Dongwan,Bell, Callum J.,Kim, Hye-Sun,Chung, In-Soon,Lee, Woo-Chung,Lee, Ji-Sun,Seo, Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved 2009 Nature Vol.460 No.7258
Recent advances in sequencing technologies have initiated an era of personal genome sequences. To date, human genome sequences have been reported for individuals with ancestry in three distinct geographical regions: a Yoruba African, two individuals of northwest European origin, and a person from China. Here we provide a highly annotated, whole-genome sequence for a Korean individual, known as AK1. The genome of AK1 was determined by an exacting, combined approach that included whole-genome shotgun sequencing (27.8× coverage), targeted bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing, and high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization using custom microarrays featuring more than 24 million probes. Alignment to the NCBI reference, a composite of several ethnic clades, disclosed nearly 3.45 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 10,162 non-synonymous SNPs, and 170,202 deletion or insertion polymorphisms (indels). SNP and indel densities were strongly correlated genome-wide. Applying very conservative criteria yielded highly reliable copy number variants for clinical considerations. Potential medical phenotypes were annotated for non-synonymous SNPs, coding domain indels, and structural variants. The integration of several human whole-genome sequences derived from several ethnic groups will assist in understanding genetic ancestry, migration patterns and population bottlenecks.
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