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        Effect of Microstructure on the Mechanical Properties and Fracture Toughness of API X65 Pipeline Steel in the Presence of Hydrogen

        Meysam Ranjbar,Reza Miresmaeili,Mohammad Reza NaimiJamal,Majid Mirzaei 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.10

        This study investigated the influence of microstructure on the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of API X65pipeline steel in the presence of hydrogen. In this study, electrochemical method was used for hydrogen charging and indentationtechnique was applied to obtain the fracture toughness. The results showed that in the presence of hydrogen, elongation(EL%), reduction of area (RA), ductile fracture percentage, and fracture toughness of all microstructures decreased. Themicrostructure of martensite (M) + bainite (B) + ferrite (F), had the highest hydrogen trapping and uptake (Capp) as 8.58 × 10–6 mol cm−3 and the lowest apparent hydrogen diffusivity (Dapp) as 5.68 × 10−10 m2 s−1; thus, the maximum decrements of33% in fracture toughness, 40% in ductile fracture percentage, 47% in RA, and 35% in EL% were observed. However, themicrostructure of ferrite (F) + degenerated perlite (DP) + martensite-austenite micro constituent (M/A), where the lowestvalue of 5.85 × 10–6 mol cm−3 for Cappand the highest value of 8.5 × 10–10 m2 s−1 for Dapphad the minimum decrements as2% in fracture toughness, 10% in ductile fracture percentage, 4% in RA, and 7% in El%. According to the obtained results,depending on the type of microstructures, hydrogen-induced work softening or hardening were observed by decreasing orincreasing the yield stress respectively.

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        Fabrication and Characterization of Polyphosphazene/ Calcium Phosphate Scaff olds Containing Chitosan Microspheres for Sustained Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 in Bone Tissue Engineering

        Adnan Sobhani,Mohammad Rafienia,Mehdi Ahmadian,Mohammad-Reza Naimi-Jamal 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2017 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.14 No.5

        Bone morphogenetic protein 2 has a major role in promoting bone regeneration in tissue engineering scaffolds. Growth factor release rate is a remaining crucial problem in these systems. The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize a novel calcium phosphate/polyphosphazenes porous scaffold for the sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in bone tissue engineering. Polyphosphazenes were substituted with 2-dimethylaminoethanol and evaluated by GPC, NMR, and in vitro degradation. Calcium phosphate porous samples were prepared from hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and naphthalene using the sintering method at 1250 C before being composited with poly(dimethylaminoethanol)phosphazenes containing chitosan microspheres loaded with bone morphogenetic protein 2. The characteristics and biodegradability of the product were evaluated by SEM, XRD, and in vitro degradation. Moreover, the release rate and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were investigated. The release behavior was found to be sustained since the scaffolds had been fabricated from polyphosphazenes with a low degradation rate. The release rates of the scaffolds were observed to increase with increasing chitosan microspheres content from 10 to 30%. The bioactivity of the scaffolds depended on the release rate of growth factor while bone morphogenetic protein 2 was able to induce an osteoblast proliferation. The results of cell adhesion and cell viability tests showed that scaffolds displayed a non-toxic behavior and western blot analyses confirmed that the scaffolds loaded with growth factor increased the osteogenic differentiation potential of cells when compared with scaffolds alone. These results demonstrate that these scaffolds can be successfully utilized in bone tissue engineering.

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