Discrete Valuations Extend to Certain Algebras of Quantum Type

Moawad, Hussein,Van Oystaeyen, Freddy TOPOLOGY AND GEOMETRY RESEARCH CENTER 1996 Proceedings of the Topology and Geometry Research Vol.7 No.-

Isolated System Towards A Successful Radiotherapy Treatment

Moawad, Emad The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2010 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.44 No.2

Purpose Establishment of the specifications and standards for successful radiotherapy treatments through identifying three objectives: administering the appropriate low-waste dose, developing dose-delivery skills and monitoring an earlier response to therapy. Methods The appropriate low-waste dose is administered via the work-energy principle, considering the interaction between the drug and the tumor as an isolated system. Then, chelated with any compound that could form a lipid-soluble complex with the radioactive metal ions, it is injected directly into the tumor via a multihole needle to improve the distribution of the injectate solution. This can be detected by monitoring the tumor response through newer imaging techniques that combine single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with computed tomography (CT), or positron emission tomography (PET) with CT, so that nonresponding tumors can be identified early to modify the administered dose. Results The accuracy of estimating the initial effective radioactive dose depends on the equivalence of the growth energy of the tumor estimated from the CT scan and the decay energy of the effective radioactive dose. Besides earlier or more accurate assessment of the tumor response by PET with the glucose analogue $^{18}F$-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ($^{18}F$-FDG), this contributes to the most safe and low-cost successful treatment. This approach assessed the therapeutic significance of lipid-soluble compounds with the radioactive metal ions in protecting system isolation, which plays a major role in targeted tumor therapy. Conclusion Treatment success shows that the three identified objectives are completely dependent objectives. It should also be taken into consideration that radionuclide decay-generated Auger electrons may bemore effective in very small tumors to avoid a cross dose.

NOVEL LARGE SCALE SIMULATION PROCESS TO SUPPORT DOT’S CAFE MODELING SYSTEM

A. MOAWAD,P. BALAPRAKASH,A. ROUSSEAU,S. WILD 한국자동차공학회 2016 International journal of automotive technology Vol.17 No.6

This paper demonstrates a new process that has been specifically designed for the support of the U.S. Department of Transportation’s (DOT’s) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. In developing the standards, DOT’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration made use of the CAFE Compliance and Effects Modeling System (the “Volpe model” or the “CAFE model”), which was developed by DOT’s Volpe National Transportation Systems Center for the 2005–2007 CAFE rulemaking and has been continuously updated since. The model is the primary tool used by the agency to evaluate potential CAFE stringency levels by applying technologies incrementally to each manufacturer’s fleet until the requirements under consideration are met. The Volpe model relies on numerous technology-related and economic inputs, such as market forecasts, technology costs, and effectiveness estimates; these inputs are categorized by vehicle classification, technology synergies, phase-in rates, cost learning curve adjustments, and technology “decision trees”. Part of the model’s function is to estimate CAFE improvements that a given manufacturer could achieve by applying additional technology to specific vehicles in its product line. A significant number of inputs to the Volpe decision-tree model are related to the effectiveness (fuel consumption reduction) of each fuel-saving technology. Argonne National Laboratory has developed a fullvehicle simulation tool named Autonomie, which has become one of the industry’s standard tools for analyzing vehicle energy consumption and technology effectiveness. Full-vehicle simulation tools use physics-based mathematical equations, engineering characteristics (e.g., engine maps, transmission shift points, and hybrid vehicle control strategies), and explicit drive cycles to predict the effectiveness of individual and combined fuel-saving technologies. The Large-Scale Simulation Process accelerates and facilitates the assessment of individual technological impacts on vehicle fuel economy. This paper will show how Argonne efficiently simulates hundreds of thousands of vehicles to model anticipated future vehicle technologies.

Factors affecting in vitro embryo production: insights into dromedary camel

Adel R. Moawad,Ibrahim M. Ghoneim,Gamal M. Darwish,Magdy R. Badr,Diya A. El-Badry,Abou Bakr A. EL-Wishy 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2020 Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Vol.35 No.2

The Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedaries) is an important species because of its ability to produce good quality meat, milk, and fibers under harsh environmental conditions. Camels are also crucial for transportation, racing, and as draft animals in agriculture. Therefore, dromedary camels play a critical role in the economy for millions of people living in the arid part of the world. The inherent capability of camels to produce meat and milk is highly correlated with their reproductive performance. Compared with other domestic species, the reproductive efficiency in camelids is low. Although recent reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have been successfully applied to camelids and the birth of live offspring following these technologies has been reported; in vitro embryo production (IVP) has lagged in this species. The development of the IVP system for dromedary camels may be a useful tool for the genetic improvement of this species. IVP in farm animals includes three main steps; in vitro maturation (IVM) of an oocyte, IVF of a matured oocyte, and in vitro culture (IVC) of fertilized oocyte up to the blastocyst stage. This review aims to summarize various factors that influence oocyte quality, IVM, and in vitro embryo development in dromedary camel.

Factors affecting in vitro embryo production: insights into dromedary camel

Adel R. Moawad,Ibrahim M. Ghoneim,Gamal M. Darwish,Magdy R. Badr,Diya A. El-Badry,Abou Bakr A. EL-Wishy 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2020 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.35 No.2

The Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedaries) is an important species because of its ability to produce good quality meat, milk, and fibers under harsh environmental conditions. Camels are also crucial for transportation, racing, and as draft animals in agriculture. Therefore, dromedary camels play a critical role in the economy for millions of people living in the arid part of the world. The inherent capability of camels to produce meat and milk is highly correlated with their reproductive performance. Compared with other domestic species, the reproductive efficiency in camelids is low. Although recent reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have been successfully applied to camelids and the birth of live offspring following these technologies has been reported; in vitro embryo production (IVP) has lagged in this species. The development of the IVP system for dromedary camels may be a useful tool for the genetic improvement of this species. IVP in farm animals includes three main steps; in vitro maturation (IVM) of an oocyte, IVF of a matured oocyte, and in vitro culture (IVC) of fertilized oocyte up to the blastocyst stage. This review aims to summarize various factors that influence oocyte quality, IVM, and in vitro embryo development in dromedary camel.

Response of Commercial Cotton Cultivars to Fusarium solani

Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam,Moawad R. Omar,Abdel-Rheem El-Samawaty,Aly A. Aly 한국식물병리학회 2007 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.23 No.2

Twenty-nine isolates of Fusarium solani, originally isolated from diseased cotton roots in Egypt, were evaluated for their ability to cause symptoms on four genetically diverse cotton cultivars. Analysis of variance showed highly significant variance among cultivars, and isolates as well as the isolate × genotype interactions were highly significant (p < 0.0001). Although most isolates showed intermediate pathogenicity, there were two groups of isolates that showed significant differences in pathogenicity on all four cultivars. None of the cultivars were found to be immune to any of the isolates. On all cultivars, there were strong significant positive correlations between dry weight and each of preemergence damping-off, survival, and plant height. Considering 75% similarity in virulence, two groups comprising a total of 29 isolates were recognized. Ninety-three percent of the isolates have the same pathogenicity patterns with consistently low pathogenicity, and narrow diversity of virulence. Isolates Fs4 and Fs5 shared the same distinct overall virulence spectrum with consistently high pathogenicity. There was no clear-cut relationship between virulence of the isolates based on reaction pattern on 4 cultivars and each of host genotype, previous crop, and geographic origin.

Prevention of Citrobacter freundii (MW279218) infection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus using zinc oxide nanoparticles

Korni, Fatma M. M.,Moawad, Usama K.,Mohammed, Asmaa N.,Edrees, Asmaa The Korean Society of Fish Pathology 2022 한국어병학회지 Vol.35 No.1

Aquaculture development is based on the ideas of increasing production while reducing economic losses. Bacterial diseases are the leading source of fish cases. Citrobacter freundii has been linked to septicemia and mortality all over the world. In the current study, the cause of mortality in O. niloticus was C. freundii MW279218. External hemorrhages were seen on the affected fish, as well as paleness in the liver and kidney congestion. C. freundii MW279218 had a median lethal dosage of 1.5×10⁵ CFU/mL. Zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were tested for their biocidal effectiveness against C. freundii MW279218. The lethal effect of ZnO-NPs for C. freundii MW279218 was 100% when compared to zinc oxide compound, and the inhibition zone width was 2.31.1mm at the highest tested concentrations (70 mg/L) compared to the lowest (35 and 45 mg/L, respectively). Fish were fed three different diets for 28 days: diet 1 (no additives), diet 2 (100 mg of ZnO-NPs/kg of feed), and diet 3 (200 mg of ZnO-NPs/kg of feed). Organs were also collected for histopathology 96 hours after injection (P<0.05). In the groups given 200 mg of ZnO-NPs, there was 10% mortality and 80% RPS. The group fed 100 mg of ZnO-NPs/kg, on the other hand, had 20% mortality and 60% RPS, compared to 50% mortality in the control positive group. Histopathological examinations demonstrated significant alterations in the control positive group and mild lesions in the hepatopancreas of the groups administered 100 mg ZnO-NPs/kg of feed. The groups fed 200 mg of ZnO-NPs/kg diet, on the other hand, showed no histological alterations. ZnO-NPs were found to be effective in the up regulation of both IL-10 and complement 5 immune-related genes.

Histopathologic Biomarker Response of Clam, Ruditapes decussates, to Organophosphorous Pesticides Reldan and Roundup: A Laboratory Study

El-Shenawy, Nahla S.,Moawad, Tarak I.S.,Mohallal, Mahmoud E.,Abdel-Nabi, Ismail M.,Taha, Inas A. 한국해양학회 2009 Ocean science journal Vol.44 No.1

Clam Ruditapes decussates was used as a biomonitoring organism to measure the potential impact of pollution. The present study investigated histological alterations of R. decussates following a long-term exposure to a sublethal-level of pesticides Reldan and Roundup. The clams were taken to the laboratory and kept for days to adjust to a continuous closed flow system with quality water control. After the adjustment period, clams were exposed either to sublethal concentrations of Reldan (0.6 $\mu$l $L^{-1}$) or Roundup (1.1 $\mu$l $L^{-1}$) for 90 days. Clams were taken to determine the histological damage at 30, 60 and 90 days. Most histological alterations were highly localized in the glandular cells of the gills, mantle tissues and digestive gland; secretions of glandular cells were found to be increased by increasing the time of exposure. Histopathological results showed the activation of resistance mechanisms that allowed the clams to survive under sublethal stresses. Thus, histological changes on localized tissues were sensitive and they have positive correlation to the time of exposure to the pesticides, suggesting that they may serve as biomarkers for Reldan and Roundup exposures.

Response of Commercial Cotton Cultivars to Fusarium solani

Abd-Elsalam, Kamel A.,Omar, Moawad R.,El-Samawaty, Abdel-Rheem,Aly, Aly A. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2007 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.23 No.2

Twenty-nine isolates of Fusarium solani, originally isolated from diseased cotton roots in Egypt, were evaluated for their ability to cause symptoms on four genetically diverse cotton cultivars. Analysis of variance showed highly significant variance among cultivars, and isolates as well as the isolate x genotype interactions were highly significant(p < 0.0001). Although most isolates showed intermediate pathogenicity, there were two groups of isolates that showed significant differences in pathogenicity on all four cultivars. None of the cultivars were found to be immune to any of the isolates. On all cultivars, there were strong significant positive correlations between dry weight and each of preemergence damping-off, survival, and plant height. Considering 75% similarity in virulence, two groups comprising a total of 29 isolates were recognized. Ninety-three percent of the isolates have the same pathogenicity patterns with consistently low pathogenicity, and narrow diversity of virulence. Isolates Fs4 and Fs5 shared the same distinct overall virulence spectrum with consistently high pathogenicity. There was no clear-cut relationship between virulence of the isolates based on reaction pattern on 4 cultivars and each of host genotype, previous crop, and geographic origin.

Serotonergic Antidepressants Are Associated with Increased Blood Loss and Risk for Transfusion in Single-Level Lumbar Fusion Surgery

Paul Schadler,Jennifer Shue,Mohamed Moawad,Federico P. Girardi,Frank P. Cammisa,Andrew A. Sama,Russel C. Huang,Darren R. Lebl,Chad M. Craig,Alexander P. Hughes 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.4

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of antidepressants on blood loss and transfusion requirements in spinal surgery patients. Overview of Literature: Several studies have shown an increase in perioperative bleeding in orthopedic surgery patients on antidepressant drug therapy, yet no study has examined the impact of these agents on spinal surgery patients. Methods: Charts of patients who underwent single-level spinal fusion (posterior lumbar interbody fusion with posterior instrumentation) performed by five fellowship-trained surgeons at a tertiary spine center between 2008 and 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion criteria included select medical comorbidities, select drug therapy, and Amercian Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification score of greater than 2. Serotonergic antidepressants were examined in multivariate analysis to assess their predictive value on estimated blood loss and risk of transfusion. Results: A total of 235 patients, of which 52% were female, were included. Allogeneic blood was transfused in 7% of patients. The average estimated blood loss was 682±463 mL. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were taken by 10% of all patients. Multivariable regression analysis showed that intake of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors was a significant predictor for blood loss (average increase of 34%, p =0.015) and for the need of allogeneic blood transfusion (odds ratio, 4.550; p =0.029). Conclusions: There was a statistically significant association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and both increased blood loss and risk of allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Surgeons and perioperative providers should take these findings into account when assessing patients’ preoperative risk for blood loss and transfusion.