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Reduced haze of transparent conductive films by smaller diameter silver nanowires
Menamparambath, Mini Mol,Yang, Kihyuk,Kim, Hyeong Hoon,Bae, Oh Seung,Jeong, Mun Seok,Choi, Jae-Young,Baik, Seunghyun IOP 2016 Nanotechnology Vol.27 No.46
<P>Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have received considerable attention for flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs) since they provide a relatively low sheet resistance at a high transmittance. However, the diffuse light scattering, haze, has been regarded as a hurdle to achieve clarity of films. Here we revisit the Mie scattering theory to calculate the extinction and scattering coefficients of Ag NWs which were employed to estimate haze of TCFs. The theory predicted a decrease in haze with a decrease in Ag NW diameter which was supported by experimental investigations carried out using Ag NWs with 5 different diameters (17.6, 19.9, 22.5, 24.3, and 29.6 nm). Overall, excellent properties of TCFs (haze?=?0.21%–1.8%, transmittance?=?95.33%–98.45%, sheet resistance?=?20.87–81.76 Ω sq<SUP>−1</SUP>) were obtained. Ag NWs with a diameter of 17.6 nm provided minimum haze values at equivalent sheet resistances (e.g., haze?=?0.21%, transmittance?=?98.45%, sheet resistance?=?77.36 Ω sq<SUP>−1</SUP>) compared with ones with lager diameters and the controls in literatures. This work investigated the interdependence between haze and NW diameter and might provide a design guide for flexible Ag NW TCFs.</P>
Menamparambath, Mini Mol,Park, Jong-Ho,Yoo, Ho-Sung,Patole, Shashikant P,Yoo, Ji-Beom,Kim, Sung Wng,Baik, Seunghyun RSC Pub 2014 Nanoscale Vol.6 No.15
<P>A difference in work function plays a key role in charge transfer between two materials. Inorganic electrides provide a unique opportunity for electron transfer since interstitial anionic electrons result in a very low work function of 2.4-2.6 eV. Here we investigated charge transfer between two different types of electrides, [Ca(2)N](+)e(-) and [Ca(24)Al(28)O(64)](4+)4e(-), and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with a work function of 4.73-5.05 eV. [Ca(2)N](+) e(-) with open 2-dimensional electron layers was more effective in donating electrons to SWNTs than closed cage structured [Ca(24)Al(28)O(64)](4+) 4e(-) due to the higher electron concentration (1.3 10(22) cm(-3)) and mobility ( 200 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) at RT). A non-covalent conjugation enhanced near-infrared fluorescence of SWNTs as high as 52%. The field emission current density of electride-SWNT-silver paste dramatically increased by a factor of 46,000 (14.8 mA cm(-2)) at 2 V μm(-1) (3.5 wt% [Ca(2)N](+) e(-)) with a turn-on voltage of 0.85 V μm(-1).</P>
Lee, Jiyong,Menamparambath, Mini Mol,Hwang, Jae-Yeol,Baik, Seunghyun Wiley-VCH 2015 ChemSusChem Vol.8 No.14
<P>The low electrical conductivity of spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layers impedes further enhancements of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells. We embedded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in spiro-OMeTAD (spiro-OMeTAD/MWNTs) to increase carrier mobility and conductivity. However, direct electrical contact between CH3 NH3 PbI3 and the MWNTs created pathways for undesirable back-electron transfer, owing to the large work function of MWNTs, limiting enhancements of the PCE. A hierarchical structure of pure spiro-OMeTAD and spiro-OMeTAD/MWNTs was designed to block back-electron transfer and fully exploit the enhanced charge transport of spiro-OMeTAD/MWNTs. The enhanced fill factor, short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and PCE (15.1?%) were achieved by using this hierarchical hole transport layer structure (MWNT concentration=2?wt?%). The perovskite solar cells were fabricated by a low-temperature solution process, further decreasing their per-Watt cost.</P>
Ma, Rujun,Menamparambath, Mini Mol,Nikolaev, Pavel,Baik, Seunghyun WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.25 No.18
<P><B>We report transparent stretchable single‐walled carbon nanotube‐polymer composite films</B> that emit pronounced Raman and near‐infrared fluorescence with a fine spatial resolution. The independent modulation in Raman and fluorescence spectra is demonstrated in response to touch and temperature. The optical signal transduction of transparent stretchable optoelectronic films may enable a paradigm shift in touch‐sensing devices eliminating electrical interconnects.</P>
Ajmal, C Muhammed,Menamparambath, Mini Mol,Choi, Hyouk Ryeol,Baik, Seunghyun IOP 2016 Nanotechnology Vol.27 No.22
<P>Highly conductive flexible adhesive (CFA) film was developed using micro-sized silver flakes (primary fillers), hybrids of silver nanoparticle–nanowires (secondary fillers) and nitrile butadiene rubber. The hybrids of silver nanoparticle–nanowires were synthesized by decorating silver nanowires with silver nanoparticle clusters using bifunctional cysteamine as a linker. The dispersion in ethanol was excellent for several months. Silver nanowires constructed electrical networks between the micro-scale silver flakes. The low-temperature surface sintering of silver nanoparticles enabled effective joining of silver nanowires to silver flakes. The hybrids of silver nanoparticle–nanowires provided a greater maximum conductivity (54 390 S cm<SUP>−1</SUP>) than pure silver nanowires, pure multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes decorated with silver nanoparticles in nitrile butadiene rubber matrix. The resistance change was smallest upon bending when the hybrids of silver nanoparticle–nanowires were employed. The adhesion of the film on polyethylene terephthalate substrate was excellent. Light emitting diodes were successfully wired to the CFA circuit patterned by the screen printing method for application demonstration.</P>