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Over-voltage Trigger Device for Marx Generators
M. Sack,R. Stangle,G. Muller 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.61
For treatment of plant tissue with pulsed electric fields in large scale, synchronized operation of several Marx generators is required in order to minimize the low-field regions inside the electroporation reactor and to overcome the current limitations of a single pulse circuit. Hence, the Marx generators must be triggered. If long-term operation without service is to be achieved, these generators are triggered by over-volting the first spark gap without the use of an additional electrode for ignition, which would cause increased wear. A trigger device for over-volting the first spark gap of a Marx generator has been designed. It has been tailored to replace the charging coils between the 1s and the 2nd stage of an already existing Marx generator. In order to overcome the requirements for insulation to ground potential, the trigger device is powered by the charging current of the Marx generator. This paper describes some design issues.
실행 요약: 당뇨병의 진단과 관리에서 검사실적 분석에 대한 지침과 권고안
David B. Sacks,Mark Arnold,George L. Bakris,David E. Bruns,Andrea Rita Horvath,M. Sue Kirkman,Ake Lernmark,Boyd E. Metzger,David M. Nathan 대한진단검사의학회 2011 Laboratory Medicine Online Vol.1 No.4
Background: Multiple laboratory tests are used in the diagnosis and management of patients with diabetes mellitus. The quality of the scientific evidence supporting the use of these assays varies substantially. Approach: An expert committee compiled evidencebased recommendations for the use of laboratory analysis in patients with diabetes. A new system was developed to grade the overall quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations. A draft of the guidelines was posted on the Internet, and the document was modified in response to comments. The guidelines were reviewed by the joint Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine Committee of the AACC and the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry and were accepted after revisions by the Professional Practice Committee and subsequent approval by the Executive Committee of the American Diabetes Association. Content: In addition to the long-standing criteria based on measurement of venous plasma glucose, diabetes can be diagnosed by demonstrating increased hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations in the blood. Monitoring of glycemic control is performed by the patients measuring their own plasma or blood glucose with meters and by laboratory analysis of Hb A1c. The potential roles of noninvasive glucose monitoring, genetic testing,and measurement of autoantibodies, urine albumin, insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, and other analytes are addressed. Summary: The guidelines provide specific recommendations based on published data or derived from expert consensus. Several analytes are found to have minimal clinical value at the present time, and measurement of them is not recommended.
G. Mueller,W. An,Th. Berghofer,M. DelGiacco,Ch. Eing,R. Fetzer,B. Flickinger,W. Frey,H. Giese,M. Gottel,Ch. Gusbeth,A. Heinzel,P. Hoppe,A. Jianu,F. Lang,K. Leber,M. Sack,G. Schuhmacher,J. Singer,R. St 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.61
In this paper, we review the progress that has been achieved at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) for several industrial scale projects and in basic investigations based on intense particle beams and pulsed power technologies.
Ansaruzzaman, M.,Chowdhury, Ashrafuzzaman,Bhuiyan, Nurul A.,Sultana, Marzia,Safa, Ashrafus,Lucas, Marcelino,von Seidlein, Lorenz,Barreto, Avertino,Chaignat, Claire-Lise,Sack, David A.,Clemens, John D. Microbiology Society 2008 Journal of medical microbiology Vol.57 No.12
<P>The genetic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated in 2004 and 2005 in Mozambique were assessed in this study to determine whether the pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus O3 : K6 and O4 : K68 serotypes has spread to Mozambique. Fifty-eight V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from hospitalized diarrhoea patients in Beira, Mozambique, were serotyped for O : K antigens and genotyped for toxR, tdh and trh genes. A group-specific PCR, a PCR that detects the presence of ORF8 of the filamentous phage f237, arbitrarily primed PCR, PFGE and multilocus sequence typing were performed to determine the pandemic status of the strains and their ancestry. All strains of serovars O3 : K6 (n=38) and O4 : K68 (n=4) were identified as a pandemic clonal group by these analyses. These strains are closely related to the pandemic reference strains of O3 : K6 and O4 : K68, which emerged in Asia in 1996 and were later found globally. The pandemic serotypes O3 : K6 and O4 : K68 including reference strains grouped into a single cluster indicating emergence from a common ancestor. The O3 : K58 (n=8), O4 : K13 (n=6), O3 : KUT (n=1) and O8 : K41 (n=1) strains showed unique characteristics different from the pandemic clone.</P>