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Reza Afshar Ghotli,Abdul Raman Abdul Aziz,I.M. Atadashi,D.B. Hasan,Pei San Kong,M.K. Aroua 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1
Crude glycerol, the main byproduct of biodiesel production, consists of excess methanol and otherimpurities and can be converted into other useful products through purification or conversion processes. In this work, dynamic viscosities, densities, excess molar volumes and refractive indexes for severalmixtures of biodiesel crude glycerol and methanol with were determined at different temperatures. Thephysiochemical characteristics of crude glycerol in mixture form with methanol could be useful for thedesign of industrial equipment and purification or conversion process. The results demonstratedtemperature dependent behaviors of all binarymixtures. The empirical correlations were obtained basedon the experimental results.
Morteza Kalantar,Hamidreza Najafi,M. Reza Afshar 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.1
In this study, a comparison between V- and Nb-containing low-carbon microalloyed cast steels has been made in terms ofstrength and impact energy after intercritical heat treatment (IHT). After austenitizing at 950 °C and quenching in water,the alloys were intercritically heated at 760, 800 or 840 °C followed by quenching and tempering at 620 °C. In comparisonwith conventional heat treatment, IHT increased the impact energies at the expense of some reduction in the strength dueto the dual ferritic/martensitic microstructure. However, the impact energy of the alloy containing only V, especially afterintercritical heating at 760 and 800 °C, was higher than that of the Nb-containing samples. The improvement in the impactenergy required an optimum amount of coarse carbonitride precipitates. While, the impact fracture surface of the alloy V wascomposed of dimples indicating ductile fracture, cleavage facets in the fracture surface of Nb-containing samples indicatedbrittle fracture.