Ginseng fermented by mycotoxin non-producing Aspergillus niger: ginsenoside analysis and anti-proliferative effects

Zhipeng Li,지근억 한국식품과학회 2017 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.26 No.4

Korean ginseng was fermented using Aspergillus niger (A. niger) FMB S494 and mycotoxins such as ochratoxin and fumonisin were not detected in the fermented ginseng. Protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides such as glycosylated forms of Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd decreased to 0 while compound K (cK) increased from 0 to 9 9 104 ppm in the extract of fermented ginseng. Protopanaxtriol- type ginsenosides such as Re and Rg1 decreased from 7.1 9 104 to 3.0 9 104 ppm and 6.8 9 104 to 4.6 9 104 ppm, respectively. Rg2 and Rh1 increased from 0 to 1.9 9 104 ppm and 0 to 2.7 9 104 ppm, respectively. We can demonstrate that A. niger was more inclined to transform protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides. Moreover, fermented ginseng extract showed a dramatically enhanced anti-proliferative effect on human HT-29 cell line with a minimum effective concentration of about 1 lg/mL, which might be attributed to the high degree of biotransformation of ginsenosides, especially the high output of ginsenoside cK.

木蘭 이미지의 발전과 변화

ZHIPENG LI,변혁 부산대학교 영화연구소 2019 아시아영화연구 Vol.12 No.3

천 년이 넘는 발전 과정에서 목란(木蘭)이 아버지를 대신해 전쟁터에 나간 이야기는 민요, 시가, 소설, 희곡, 희극, 영화, 드라마, 컴퓨터게임 등 다양한 장르를 변형되어 왔다. 그 내용 역시 초창기의 수백 글자에서부터 백만 자가 넘게 변화하였으며, 목란의 이미지는 끊임없이 변모했고, 이야기 속 등장인물도 점차 늘어났으며 줄거리도 더욱 풍부해져 방대한 이야기가 되었다. 각기 다른 시대에서 묘사되는 목란의 이미지는 해당 시대의 특징과 가치관을 보여준다. 그리고 목란 이야기에서 가장 사람들을 매료시키는 부분은 바로 목란이라는 캐릭터가 효심, 영웅적인 면모, 여성으로서의 정체성 측면에서 가지는 가치이다. 목란의 이미지 변화는 과거 전통적인 효녀의 표본으로부터, 가정과 나라를 위해 효심과 충성심을 다하는 표본으로, 나아가 아버지를 사랑하고 자아의 자립을 실현하는 표본으로까지 발전하였다. 현대 중국의 계몽운동과 여성해방운동이라는 배경 하에서 목란 이야기 속의 현대적인 여성의식은 더욱 확산되었다. 변화하는 목란의 이야기와 목란의 이미지가 지니는 정신적 가치를 정리하는 과정을 통해, 목란의 이야기가 다른 시대와 문화적 배경마다 다르게 나타난다는 점에 착안해 이와 같은 변화과정에서 정신적 가치가 실현되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 목란의 이야기가 갖는 전기성(傳奇性)은 중국 여성 영웅담의 서사 패턴 형성과정에서 보여지는 중요 신화소로 평가될 수 있다.

Effects of various ginsenosides and ginseng root and ginseng berry on the activity of Pancreatic lipase

Zhipeng Li,지근억 한국식품과학회 2017 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.26 No.3

Although ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd and ginseng extracts are shown to inhibit pancreatic lipase (PL) activity, the effects of the other ginsenosides, particularly the deglycosylated ones that are considered to show stronger biological activities than the glycosylated forms, are not clear. In this study, we observed the effects of various ginsenosides on PL activity. Results showed that the effects vary with each individual ginsenoside. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rd, Rg1, Rg3, and compound K significantly suppressed 43, 47, 75, and 55% of PL activity at the concentration of 100 lg/mL, respectively. Rg3 was discovered to be the most effective among various common ginsenosides, with a minimum effective concentration of 6.25 lg/mL. Ginsenosides F2 and Rf slightly enhanced PL activity. In addition, fermentation markedly enhanced the inhibitory effect of the ginseng root and ginseng berry, which might be attributed to the changes of ginsenoside profiles.

Effective Separation Method for Single-Channel Time-Frequency Overlapped Signals Based on Improved Empirical Wavelet Transform

( Zhipeng Liu ),( Lichun Li ),( Huiqi Li ),( Chang Liu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2019 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.13 No.5

To improve the separation performance of time-frequency overlapped radar and communication signals from a single channel, this paper proposes an effective separation method based on an improved empirical wavelet transform (EWT) that introduces a fast boundary detection mechanism. The fast boundary detection mechanism can be regarded as a process of searching, difference optimization, and continuity detection of the important local minima in the Fourier spectrum that enables determination of the sub-band boundary and thus allows multiple signal components to be distinguished. An orthogonal empirical wavelet filter bank that was designed for signal adaptive reconstruction is then used to separate the input time-frequency overlapped signals. The experimental results show that if two source components are completely overlapped within the time domain and the spectrum overlap ratio is less than 60%, the average separation performance is improved by approximately 32.3% when compared with the classic EWT; the proposed method also improves the suitability for multiple frequency shift keying (MFSK) and reduces the algorithm complexity.

Emotional Analysis and Preference Discovery for each Blog Channel Comment

Li Zhipeng,Park Seungbong 한국경영정보학회 2019 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

Research on the Influencing Factors of User Information Behavior in Social Marketing and Their Relationship : Focus on the WeChat Marketing

Zhipeng Li 한국경영정보학회 2018 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

Effects of fermented ginseng root and ginseng berry on obesity and lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet

Li, Zhipeng,Kim, Hee Jung,Park, Myeong Soo,Ji, Geun Eog The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.3

Background: Previous studies have shown that both ginseng root and ginseng berry exhibit antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. However, a direct comparison of the efficacy and mechanisms between the root and the berry after oral administration remains to be illuminated. Methods: In this study, we observed the effects of fermented ginseng root (FGR) and fermented ginseng berry (FGB) on obesity and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet induced obese mice. Results: FGR and FGB significantly inhibited the activity of pancreatic lipase in vitro. Both FGR and FGB significantly suppressed weight gain and excess food intake and improved hypercholesterolemia and fatty liver, while only FGR significantly attenuated hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Both FGR and FGB significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of Ldlr and Acsl1 while FGR also significantly inhibited expression of Cebpa and Dgat2 in liver. FGR significantly decreased the epididymal fat weight of mice while FGB significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of genes Cebpa, Fas, Hsl, Il1b, and Il6 in adipose tissue. Conclusion: Saponin from both FGR and FGB had a beneficial effect on high-fat diet-induced obesity. Compared to FGB, FGR exhibited more potent antihyperglycemic and antiobesity effect. However, only FGB significantly inhibited mRNA expression of inflammatory markers such as interleukins $1{\beta}$ and 6 in adipose tissue.

Ginseng and obesity

Li, Zhipeng,Ji, Geun Eog The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.1

Although ginseng has been shown to have an antiobesity effect, antiobesity-related mechanisms are complex and have not been completely elucidated. In the present study, we evaluated ginseng's effects on food intake, the digestion, and absorption systems, as well as liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in order to identify the mechanisms involved. A review of previous in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that ginseng and ginsenosides can increase energy expenditure by stimulating the adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase pathway and can reduce energy intake. Moreover, in high fat dietinduced obese and diabetic individuals, ginseng has shown a two-way adjustment effect on adipogenesis. Nevertheless, most of the previous studies into antiobesity effects of ginseng have been animal based, and there is a paucity of evidence supporting the suggestion that ginseng can exert an antiobesity effect in humans.

Acceleration of Aglycone Isoflavone and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Production from Doenjang Using Whole-Cell Biocatalysis Accompanied by Protease Treatment

( Yincong Li ),( Seockmo Ku ),( Myeong Soo Park ),( Zhipeng Li ),( Geun Eog Ji ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.11

Recently, soybean isoflavone aglycones (i.e., daidzein and genistein) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have begun to receive considerable consumer attention owing to their potential as nutraceuticals. To produce these ingredients, multiple microorganisms and their enzymes are commonly used for catalysis in the nutraceutical industry. In this work, we introduce a novel fermentation process that uses whole-cell biocatalysis to accelerate GABA and isoflavone aglycone production in doenjang (a traditional Korean soybean paste). Microbial enzymes transform soybean isoflavone glycosides (i.e., daidzin and genistin) and monosodium glutamate into soybean isoflavone aglycones and GABA. Lactobacillus brevis GABA 100 and Aspergillus oryzae KACC 40250 significantly reduced the production time with the aid of a protease. The resulting levels of GABA and daidzein were higher, and genistein production resembled the levels in traditional doenjang fermented for over a year. Concentrations of GABA, daidzein, and genistein were measured as 7,162, 60, and 59 μg/g, respectively on the seventh day of fermentation. Our results demonstrate that the administration of whole-cell L. brevis GABA 100 and A. oryzae KACC 40250 paired with a protease treatment is an effective method to accelerate GABA, daidzein, and genistein production in doenjang.

A Trust-Based Model for Security Cooperating in Vehicular Cloud Computing

Tang, Zhipeng,Liu, Anfeng,Li, Zhetao,Choi, Young-june,Sekiya, Hiroo,Li, Jie Hindawi Limited 2016 Mobile information systems Vol.2016 No.-

<P>VCC is a computing paradigm which consists of vehicles cooperating with each other to realize a lot of practical applications, such as delivering packages. Security cooperation is a fundamental research topic in Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC). Because of the existence of malicious vehicles, the security cooperation has become a challenging issue in VCC. In this paper, a trust-based model for security cooperating, named DBTEC, is proposed to promote vehicles’ security cooperation in VCC. DBTEC combines the indirect trust estimation in Public board and the direct trust estimation in Private board to compute the trust value of vehicles when choosing cooperative partners; a trustworthy cooperation path generating scheme is proposed to ensure the safety of cooperation and increase the cooperation completion rates in VCC. Extensive experiments show that our scheme improves the overall cooperation completion rates by 6~7%.</P>