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Iterative Frequency and Phase Compensation under Very Low SNR
Choi, Kwon-Hue,Kim, Pan-Soo,Oh, Deock-Gil,Lee, Ho-Jin 통신위성우주산업연구회 2005 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2005 No.-
저전력 수신환경을 위한 반복복호기 기반의 주파수 및 위상 복원 알고리듬을 제시한다. 매 반복복호 과정에서 얻어진 채널 심벌의 연판정 값과 복호기 입력의 값을 비교하여 위상 및 주파수 오차를 검출하고 복호기 입력의 위상 및 주파수를 수정한다. 따라서 복호가 반복될수록 복호기 입력의 위상 및 주파수 오차가 감소하여 다음 반복 복호과정의 연판정 출력의 신뢰도를 더욱 향상시키고 이는 다시 다음 반복 단계의 위상 및 주파수 오차 검출값의 신뢰도를 향상시켜 부호 복호 와 주파수 위상 복원 모두 우수한 성능을 지니게 된다. 검출 오차의 신뢰도를 향상시키기 위하여 부호어의 모든 부호 심벌을 이용하여 부호어의 평균 주파수 오차와 위상오차를 함께 검출한다. 제안된 방식은 오차정보를 위하여 반복 복호기의 입출력 값을 이용함으로써 동기를 위한 프리앰블이나 파일럿 신호의 필요성이 없는 기본적인 장점을 지니며 반복복호가 동작하는 수신전력 영역에서 우수한 동작을 보임으로써 위성 상향링크와 같은 저전력 통신 환경에 매우 유용하게 응용될 수 있다. Frequency and phase compensation algorithm for very low SNR communication is proposed. Residual frequency and phase error in the codeword are estimated by comparing the phases between soft decision outputs of code symbols and the channel symbols at each decoding iteration. As the iteration goes on, phase and frequency errors decrease and thus, the reliability of the soft decision output at next iteration becomes even more enhanced. This enhances the reliability of frequency and phase error estimation at next iteration, again. Consequently, this synergy effect between decoding and carrier compensation effectively improves the performances of decoding and carrier compensation together. For reliable estimation, the phase error and frequency error are averaged over all the symbols in the code word and are compensated together. The proposed algorithm can be very usefully employed especially for low SNR communication as satellite communication uplink in that it does not require a preamble or pilot signal for synchronization and shows satisfactory performance under low SNR range, i.e., the nominal working range of the iterative decoding.
水稻 品種間 交雜에 있어서 稈長의 遺傳分離 ⅩⅡ. 優性短桿 遺傳子 D-53의 遺傳分離
Mun Hue Heu(許文會),Yong Kwon Kim(金容權),Hee Jong Koh(高熙宗),Byung Heui Kwon(權秉喜) 한국육종학회 1988 한국육종학회지 Vol.20 No.2
A rice genetic stock F₁ 282, which has D-53 gene (formerly reported as Dk-3 by Iwata), was crossed with three dwarf cultivars Seolak, Fukei 71 and Waesung #5, one recessive tall cultivar Davis 80 and two ordinary cultivars PI #1 and Onne mochi, and their culm and internode lengths were tested for their parents, F₁S and F₂S. The culm length of F₁S plants of the crosses F₁ 282/PI #1 and F₁ 282/Davis 80 were shorter than their dwarf parent, meaning that the dwarfness of F₁ 282/Waesung #5 and F₁ 282/Onne mochi were taller than their taller parent, implying that there are some genetic interactions between the two parental genotypes. The F₁ plants of the crosses F₁ 282/Seolak and F₁ 282/Fukei 71 were as short as their parents. For the culm length of F₂S, in the crosses F₁282/Seolak and F₁282/Fukei 71, the segregation ratio of short;tall=13;3 were observed. In the cross of F₁ 282/PI #1, the ratio was short;tall=3 : 1, and in the cross F₁ 282/Davis 80 it was short : tall =15 : 1. In the cross of F₁ 282/Waesung #5 the ratio was short : tall= 3 : 13, and in the cross F₁ 282/Onne mochi no distinct segregation pattern was observed. In all the crosses, the liguless segregated normally. This may imply that no distorted segregation due to gametic competition or improper population size etcetra was involved.
허회권(Hoi Kwon Hue),김도현(Do Hyun Kim),안승환(Seung Hwan Ahn) 한국환경생물학회 2002 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.20 No.1
N/A We observed zooplankton community to understand variations in the species composition and abundance in Gangjin Bay. Samples were collected bimonthly from February to November 1999 at 16 stations in Gangjin Bay of the southern part of Korea. Zooplankton communities consisted to nine taxa and mean biomass was 2,028 indiv. m^-3. The maximum abundance was observed to be 5,496 indiv. m^-3 in February and the minimum in November, 78 indiv. m^-3. Copepods dominated and most diverse in Gangjin Bay. Seasonal fluctuation in the copepod abundance varied between 42 and 4,159 indiv. m^-3. Dominant species are Acartia omorii, Centrophages abdominalis, Paracalanus indicus and A. steueri. Cladoceran also dominated and the maximum abundance was 765 indiv. m^-3 in April. A. omorii and Oithona davisae dominated in February, A. omorii, Eurytemora pacifica, Evadne nordmanni and Podon polyphemoides in April, Tortanus dextrilobatus and decapod nauplius in June, Paracalanus indicus, E. tergestina and Penilia avirostris in August and A. erythraea and P. indicus in October. In November, P. indicus and Sagitta crassa dominated.
권선숙,김진회 한국응급구조학회 1997 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.1 No.1
We have reviewed 2,876 patients who visited the emergency room from May, 1996 to september, 1996 in order to look for a more appropriate management of the emergency medical system. The result were summarized as followings; 1. Considering sexual distribution, male patients were 59.6% more than female patients 40.4% and according to age categories, first decade of life was most frequent. 2. Distribution according to cause is most common for the disease 79.8%, and next injury and traffic accident is 11.6%, 6.8%, respectively. 3. According to the department distribution, pediatrics accounted for 37.4% internal medicine 21 1%, and emergency medicine 10.0%, and these three departments was 66.3% of total number of patients. 4. 67.0% of patients visited emergency room were discharged. Arrived time in emergency room, patients of 41.9% was visited from 17 to 1 hours. 5. Among 196 patients of traffic accident, 160 were male(81.5%) and 36 were female (18.5%) . Distribution of the age is most common in 3rd and 4th decade for 63.2%, and region of injury were face 33.3%, head 22.2%, and chest 22 2% and follow-up measures after visiting emergency room is most common transfer hospital 40.8%.