Multiple heterologous M2 extracellular domains presented on virus-like particles confer broader and stronger M2 immunity than live influenza A virus infection

Kim, M.C.,Lee, J.S.,Kwon, Y.M.,O, E.,Lee, Y.J.,Choi, J.G.,Wang, B.Z.,Compans, R.W.,Kang, S.M. Elsevier/North-Holland 2013 Antiviral research Vol.99 No.3

The influenza M2 ectodomain (M2e) is poorly immunogenic and has some amino acid changes among isolates from different host species. We expressed a tandem repeat construct of heterologous M2e sequences (M2e5x) derived from human, swine, and avian origin influenza A viruses on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) in a membrane-anchored form. Immunization of mice with M2e5x VLPs induced protective antibodies cross-reactive to antigenically different influenza A viruses and conferred cross protection. Anti-M2e antibodies induced by heterologous M2e5x VLPs showed a wider range of cross reactivity to influenza A viruses at higher levels than those by live virus infection, homologous M2e VLPs, or M2e monoclonal antibody 14C2. Fc receptors were found to be important for mediating protection by immune sera from M2e5x VLP vaccination. The present study provides evidence that heterologous recombinant M2e5x VLPs can be more effective in inducing protective M2e immunity than natural virus infection and further supports an approach for developing an effective universal influenza vaccine.

The effect of non-equilibrium condensation on the coefficients of force with the angle of attack in the transonic airfoil flow of NACA0012

S. M. Choi,J. S. Kim,권영두,S. B. Kwon 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.6

A transonic flow with a non-equilibrium condensation past NACA0012 profile whose aspect ratio AR is 1.0 with the angle of attack was analyzed by numerical analysis using a TVD scheme, and investigated using an intermittent indraft type supersonic wind tunnel. Transonic flows of 0.70-0.90 in free stream Mach number with variations of Φ0 and α were tested. For the same M∞ and α, the increase in stagnation relative humidity Φ0 caused a decrease in the drag coefficient of profile (that is total) which is composed of the components of form, viscous, wave and condensation; however, the lift coefficient up to Φ0 = 50% increased in the opposite direction. As an example, in the case of M∞ = 0.83, Φ0 = 50%, α = 3o and T0 = 298K, the decreasing rate of the coefficient of profile drag and the increasing rate of the lift coefficient compared to the case of Φ0 = 0% caused by non-equilibrium condensation amounted to 65% and 52%, respectively. In addition, for the same Φ0 and α, as the free stream Mach number M∞ increased, at first, the lift coefficient increased slightly, and then suddenly severely dropped, and finally remained nearly constant. The suddenly dropped free stream Mach number in CL became larger with an increase of Φ0. It turned out that the drag coefficients of form and viscous were almost independent of Φ0. The contribution of wave drag to the coefficient of profile drag for M∞ = 0.83, Φ0 = 30%, α = 3o and T0 = 298K amounted to approximately 79%, and in the case of Φ0 = 60%, the contribution of the non-equilibrium condensation to the reduction in the coefficient of the profile drag compared to the case without condensation amounted to 75%. Especially, for the case of Φ0 = 0% and α = 0o, there was an oscillatory flow region around M∞ = 0.87.

Experimental Approach to Explosive Nucloeosynthesis with RI Beams

S. Kubono,Y. Yamaguchi,G. Amadio,S. Hayakawa,Y. Wakabayashi,Y. Kurihara,J. J. He,A. Saito,H. Fujikawa,Le Hong Khiem,M. Niikura,T. Teranishi,N. Iwasa,S. Kato,S. Nishimura,C. S. Lee,Y. K. Kwon,I. S. Hah 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.1

Experimental efforts to investigate stellar reactions under high-temperature and high density conditions have been made as a major program using the RI beams from the Center for Nuclear Study (CNS) low-energy in-flight RI beam separator (CRIB) at University of Tokyo in order to understand the evolution of the universe, as well as various stellar phenomena. Specically, two subjects of hydrogen burning are discussed here. One is a reaction study of the pp-chain and the second is of the explosive hydrogen burning, the rp-process. Some s-wave resonances have been identified by the thick target method in the crucial reaction processes in the hydrogen burning. The resonant scattering with the thick target method also succeeded in identifying inelastic resonant scattering, giving proton widths for the first excited state of the target nucleus. This provided very efficiently the reaction rate estimate for the process under high-temperature equilibrium conditions. Possibilities of the CRIB facility in near future are also briey discussed. Experimental efforts to investigate stellar reactions under high-temperature and high density conditions have been made as a major program using the RI beams from the Center for Nuclear Study (CNS) low-energy in-flight RI beam separator (CRIB) at University of Tokyo in order to understand the evolution of the universe, as well as various stellar phenomena. Specically, two subjects of hydrogen burning are discussed here. One is a reaction study of the pp-chain and the second is of the explosive hydrogen burning, the rp-process. Some s-wave resonances have been identified by the thick target method in the crucial reaction processes in the hydrogen burning. The resonant scattering with the thick target method also succeeded in identifying inelastic resonant scattering, giving proton widths for the first excited state of the target nucleus. This provided very efficiently the reaction rate estimate for the process under high-temperature equilibrium conditions. Possibilities of the CRIB facility in near future are also briey discussed.

Tribology Characteristics in 200 μm of Hexagonal Array Dimple Pattern

W. S. Choi,Angga S. H.,S. H. Kwon,S. G. Kwon,J. M. Park,J. S. Kim,S. W. Chung,Y. H. Chae 한국트라이볼로지학회 2015 한국트라이볼로지학회지 (Tribol. Lubr.) Vol.31 No.2

This study investigates the effects of a pattern of 200 μm dimples in a hexagonal array on tribological characteristics. A textured surface might reduce the friction coefficient and wear caused by third-body abrasion and thus improve the tribological performance. There are three friction conditions based on the Stribeck curve: boundary friction, mixed friction, and fluid friction conditions. In this experiment, we investigate the friction characteristics by carrying out the friction tests at sliding speeds ranging from 0.06 to 0.34 m/s and normal load ranging from 10 to 100 N. We create dimple surfaces for texturing by using the photolithography method. There are three kinds of specimens with different dimple densities ranging from 10% to 30%. The dimple density on the surface area is the one of the important factors affecting friction characteristics. Friction coefficient generally decreases with an increase in the velocity and load, indicating that the lubrication regime changes depending on the load and velocity. The fluid friction regime is fully developed, as indicated by the duty number graph. Fluid friction occurs at a velocity of 0.14-0.26 m/s. The best performance is seen at 10% dimple density and 200 μm dimple circle in the hexagonal array.

Modeling of thermodynamic properties of an oxygenate+aromatic hydrocarbon: Excess molar enthalpy

Gahlyan, S.,Rani, M.,Maken, S.,Kwon, H.,Tak, K.,Moon, I. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.23 No.-

Excess molar enthalpy (H<SUB>m</SUB><SUP>E</SUP>) have been measured at 303.15K for 1-propanol+benzene or toluene or o- or m- or p-xylene mixtures using flow micro calorimeter. The H<SUB>m</SUB><SUP>E</SUP>versusx<SUB>1</SUB> plots are skewed toward y-axis showing maxima at x<SUB>1</SUB>~0.3. At (x<SUB>1</SUB>=0.5)H<SUB>m</SUB><SUP>E</SUP> vary in the order: toluene<benzene<m-xylene<p-xylene~o-xylene. The excess volume data have also been interpreted in terms of Graph-theoretical approach and Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory. It has been observed that while PFP theory fails to predict the H<SUB>m</SUB><SUP>E</SUP> values for these systems in the composition range x<SUB>1</SUB><0.5, agreement with experimental values is reasonably good thereafter. The H<SUB>m</SUB><SUP>E</SUP> values calculated by Graph theory compared well with the corresponding experimental values.

왕겨에 의한 신령버섯균사체 액체배양액의 생쥐 항복수암성 증가

Young S. Kim(김영숙),Wook J. Jang(장욱진),Md. A. Rakib(라키브),Jung M. Kwon(권정민),Chae R. Ahn(안채린),So Y. Kim(김소영),Yong U. Cho(조용운),Young K. Ha(하영권),Jeong O. Kim(김정옥),Yeong L. Ha(하영래) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.9

왕겨가 Agaricus blazei Murill (AB: 신령버섯)균사체 액체배양 추출물의 항암성을 증가시키는지에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. AB균사체를 대두박을 기본으로 한 액체배지에 다양한 조건으로 배양하여, β-glucan 함량, Brix, 균사체를 측정하여 적정 생육조건을 선정하고, 이들의 열수추출물의 S-180 cell로 유도한 mouse 복수암에 대한 항암성을 조사하였다. AB균사체는 25℃에서 5일간 배양하였을 때 최적 생육을 나타내었고, 이 배양물이 다른 조건에서 배양한 배양물보다 우수한 항암성을 나타내었다. AB균사체의 생육 및 항암성은 변온배양에 따른 효과는 없었다. 따라서 이 최적배양조건(25℃, 5일 배양)에서 AB균사체를 1% 왕겨분말이 함유된 액체배지에 배양하고, 이의 열수 추출물의 항암성을 검증하였다. 1% 왕겨가 함유된 액체배지에서 배양한 열수추출물의 항암성은 왕겨가 함유되지 않은 배지의 열수추출물보다 항암성이 유의성 있게 증가되었다(p<0.05). 왕겨의 첨가는 AB균사체의 생육을 오히려 촉진시켰다. 이 결과는 왕겨가 AB균사체 뿐 만 아니라 다른 버섯균사체 액체배양물의 항암성 증진을 위한 원료로 활용될 수 있을 것임을 의미한다. The effects of rice hull (RH) powder on the anticarcinogenic activity of submerged-liquid cultures of Agaricus blazei Murill (AB) were assessed for mouse ascites cancers induced by mouse Sarcoma S-180 (S-180) cancer cells. Optimal growth of AB mycelia in the basal liquid culture medium, containing soybean meal, was achieved by culturing at 25℃ for 5 days, when evaluated by β-glucan content, Brix, and mycelial weight, relative to other culture conditions. Hot-water extract (HWE) of the submergedliquid culture of AB mycelia grown at 25℃ for 5 days exhibited a stronger anticarcinogenic activity, relative to HWE from other culture conditions. No such effects were obtained from AB mycelial cultures by alternative temperature-controlling cultures. Both cytotoxicity for S-180 cells and anticarcinogenic potentials for mouse ascites cancer of the HWE from AB mycelia grown in the basal medium containing 1% RH powder for 5 days at 25℃ were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced, relative to HWE from the AB mycelia culture of the basal medium without RH powder. These results indicate that HWE of submerged-liquid culture of AB mycelia, incubated in media containing 1% RH powder at 25℃ for 5 days, enhanced anticarcinogenic activity against S-180 cell-induced mouse ascites cancer, and suggest that RH powder is an excellent ingredient for the improvement of the anticarcinogenic potentials of the submerged-liquid culture of mushroom mycelia.

Improvement in the Electrochemical Properties of ZrMn2 Hydrides by Substitution of Elements

Song, M . Y .,Kwon, I . H .,Ahn, D . S .,Sohn, M . S . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2001 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.7 No.3

The hydrogen-storage properties and the electrochemical properties are investigated for the alloys ZrMn₂Nix, ZrMnNi_(1+x), Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(1-x)Fe_x and Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(0.85)M_(0.15). The C14 Laves phase forms in all the alloys ZrMn₂Ni_x (x=0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2). Among the alloys ZrMn₂Ni_x, ZrMn₂Ni_(0.6) has the largest discharge capacity (29 mAh/g) and a relatively good cycling performance, and shows a relatively easy activation. The C14 Laves phase also forms in all the alloys ZrMnNi_(1+x) (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4). Among the alloys ZrMnNi_(1+x), ZrMnNi_(1.0) has the largest discharge capacity (42 mAh/g) and a relatively good cycling performance, and shows the easiest activation. Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(1+x)Fe_x (x=0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60) has the C14 Laves phase hexagonal structure. Their hydrogen storage capacities do not show significant differences. The discharge capacity just after activation decreases with an increase in the amount of the substituted Fe but the cycling performance is improved. The discharge capacity after activation of the alloy with x=0.00 is about 240 mAh/g at the current density 60 mA/g. Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(0.85)M_(0.15) is the best composition with a relatively large discharge capacity and a good cycling performance. The increase in the discharge capacity of Zro.sTio.sMno.qVo.bNio,asFeo.,s with the increase in the current density (from 60 mA/g to 125 mA/g) is considered to result from the self-discharge property of the electrode. Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(0.85)M_(0.15) (M=Fe, Co, Cu, Mo and Al) alloys also have the C14 Laves phase hexagonal structure. The alloys with M=Co and Fe have relatively larger hydrogen storage capacities. The discharge capacities just after activation are relatively large in the case of the alloys with M=Co and Fe. The Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(0.85)M_(0.15) alloy is best with a relatively large discharge capacity (257 mAh/g at the current density 250 mA/g for the 12^(th) cycle) and a good cycling performance. During activation form Ni-rich and Fe-rich regions on the surface of the Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(0.85)M_(0.15) alloy. They may act as the active sites for the electrochemical reaction. With the increase in the number of charge-discharge cycles for the Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(0.85)M_(0.15) alloy, the quantities of the Zr and Fe dissolved in the electrolyte solution increase.

Differential identification of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum based on polymorphic regions of glgC and speC genes

Kang, M.S.,Kwon, Y.K.,Jung, B.Y.,Kim, A.,Lee, K.M.,An, B.K.,Song, E.A.,Kwon, J.H.,Chung, G.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2011 Veterinary microbiology Vol.147 No.1

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum cause fowl typhoid and pullorum disease in avian species, respectively, and have been of considerable economic importance to the poultry industry in parts of the world. The definitive diagnosis of these diseases can be made only by isolation and identification of the causative agent. However, rapid identification of biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum is not easily feasible due to their common antigenic structure and genomic sequence similarity. We developed a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to identify and discriminate between strains of biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum. Duplex PCR primers were designed to target polymorphic regions of glgC and speC genes showing multiple mutations in the sequenced S. enterica subsp. enterca serovar Gallinarum 287/91 genome and were applied to the specific identification of biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum. Boiled lysates of 131 reference and field strains of Salmonella and other related Gram-negative bacteria were tested to validate the duplex PCR assay. All strains of biovars Gallinarum (n=53) and Pullorum (n=21) tested were correctly identified based on this assay (100% sensitivity) while the other strains (n=57) were PCR negative (100% specificity). These results demonstrate that a highly accurate biovar-specific duplex PCR assay can be performed for the rapid identification and discrimination of biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum from field isolates.

Dynamics of H atom production from photodissociation of H₂O₂ at 205nm

Park, S.M.,Kang, C.M.,Kwon, C.H.,Kim, H.L. North Holland 2014 Chemical physics letters Vol.592 No.-

Photodissociation dynamics of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> at 205nm producing H atoms has been investigated by measuring laser-induced fluorescence spectra of H. From Doppler profile analyses, the average translational energy release was found to be 150.4+/-70.1kJ/mol with the anisotropy parameter, -0.35+/-0.05 for the characteristic perpendicular transition. Potential energy surfaces for the S<SUB>0</SUB>, S<SUB>1</SUB>, and T<SUB>1</SUB> electronic states along the dissociation coordinates were obtained employing density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The dissociation of H from H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> instantaneously takes place along the repulsive part of the triplet surface via rapid intersystem crossing from the initially excited S<SUB>1</SUB> state.

Th17 and IL-17 Cause Acceleration of Inflammation and Fat Loss by Inducing α₂-Glycoprotein 1 (AZGP1) in Rheumatoid Arthritis with High-Fat Diet

Na, H.S.,Kwon, J.E.,Lee, S.H.,Jhun, J.,Kim, S.M.,Kim, S.Y.,Kim, E.K.,Jung, K.,Park, S.H.,Cho, M.L. American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriol 2017 The American journal of pathology Vol.187 No.5

<P>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the joints. High-fat diet (HFD) is a risk factor for RA and is related to inflammation but responds minimally to medication. Given the association between HFD and inflammation, it is important to understand the function of inflammation-related T cells in RA with HFD. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a model of RA, was induced in HFD mice by injection of collagen II, and metabolic markers and T cells were analyzed. The metabolic index and IgG assay results were higher in HFD-CIA mice than in nonfat diet-CIA mice. Numbers of inflammation-related T cells and macrophages, such as Th1 and Th17 cells and M1 macrophages, were higher in spleens of HFD-CIA mice. HFD-CIA mice had a high level of alpha(2)-glycoprotein 1 (Azgp1), a soluble protein that stimulates lipolysis. To examine the association between Azgp1 and Th17 cells, the reciprocal effects of Azgp1 and IL-17 on Th17 differentiation and lipid metabolism were measured. Interestingly, Azgp1 increased the Th17 population of splenocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that the acceleration of fat loss caused by Azgp1 in RA with metabolic syndrome is related to the increase of IL-17. Mice injected with the Azgp1-overexpression vector exhibited more severe CIA compared with the mock vector-injected mice.</P>