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Cluster Dextrin<SUP>®</SUP>: High Molecular Weight Maltodextrin as a Good Energy Source for Athletes
Takashi Kuriki 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
We have developed systems to produce glucose polymers with liner, branched, cyclic structure by developing our own glucan phosphorylase, branching enzyme, amylomaltase. The molecular mass and structure of the glucose polymers can be controlled by the type of enzyme, reaction conditions, and substrate used. We have launched these glucose polymers for specific industrial needs. One of the glucose polymers, Cluster Dextrin<SUP>®</SUP>, will be described as new functional food ingredients here. Other glucose polymers, Bioglycogen<SUP>®</SUP> for example, are described elsewhere. Starch is frequently used after partial hydrolysis. Partially hydrolyzed starch is called maltodextrin, and used various food industries. α-Amylase had previously been only enzyme used to produce maltodextrin, and the molecular mass of maltodextrin was controlled by the amount of α-amylase and its reaction condition. We found that branching enzyme catalyzes intramolecular transglycosylation reaction and cyclization reaction, and employed the reaction for an alternative way to degrade starch and produce new type of maltodextrin, Cluster Dextrin<SUP>®</SUP>. The excellent characteristics of Cluster Dextrin<SUP>®</SUP> as a nutrition of athlete are shown based on our scientific data.
Endoh, Kaori,Kuriki, Kiyonori,Kasezawa, Nobuhiko,Tohyama, Kazushige,Goda, Toshinao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15
Background: In Japan, in comparison with the rest of the world the death rate of lung cancer is low although the smoking rate is relatively high. This is the so-called "Japanese smoking paradox". A healthy diet is proposed to attenuate the risk without quitting smoking. We here examined the relationships between smoking status (SS) and the consumption of food and nutrient in Japan. Materials and Methods: Totals of 5,587 men and 2,718 women were divided into three (non-smokers, smokers and heavy smokers) and two (non-smokers and smokers) groups, respectively, according to pack-year, which represents the amount of smoking over a long period. Food and nutrient consumption was estimated with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Using general linear models, food and nutrient consumption was estimated for each group in men and women, separately. Results: In men, SS was positively related to consumption of rice, 3 alcoholic beverages, carbohydrate, alcohol and other 8 foods/nutrients (p< 0.05 for all) and negatively to those of protein animal, fat, fatty acids, dietary fiber, isoflavones and 36 other foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all). In women, SS was positively associated with intake of 13 foods/nutrients, while being negatively associated with those of rice, energy, dietary fiber, and 14 other foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions: Our results support lower intake of vegetables and fruits rich in antioxidants, which are thought as preventive factors for many diseases, in smokers.
Endoh, Kaori,Kuriki, Kiyonori,Kasezawa, Nobuhiko,Tohyama, Kazushige,Goda, Toshinao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4
Background: Modifying lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise can reduce the risk of cancer. Psychological stress (PS) might be indirectly associated with cancer because it alters lifestyle factors. However, the relationship among these variables has not been fully investigated. Thus, we examined interactions between self-reported PS (SRPS) and habitual exercise on diet. Materials and Methods: In all, 5,587 men and 2,718 women were divided into "exerciser" and :non-exerciser" groips, based on whether they exercised reguarly, and classified into three SRPS levels: low, moderate and high. Diet was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Using a general linear model, food and nutrient consumption was estimated for each SRPS level in the 2 exercise groups, and the interactions between SRPS levels and exercise were calculated. Results: In women, the intake of pork and beef, low fat milk and yogurt, natto (fermented soybean), carrots and squash, other root vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, and wine along with the nutrients vegetable protein, soluble, insoluble and total dietary fiber, daidzein, genistein, carotene, retinol equivalents, vitamin B2, pantothenic acid, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron demonstrated significant interaction with SRPS and habitual exercise (p for interaction <0.05). In men, raw and green leafy vegetable and fruit and vegetable juice significantly interacted with SRPS and habitual exercise (p for interaction <0.05). Conclusions: We suggest that certain foods and nutrients, which are thought to have a protective effect against cancer, interact with SRPS and habitual exercise, especially in women. This information is valuable for understanding and improving interventions for cancer prevention.
Atsushi Aoyama,Shinya Kuriki 대한의용생체공학회 2017 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.7 No.3
Exposure of humans to unusual spaces is effectiveto observe the adaptive strategy for an environment. Though adaptation to such spaces has been typically testedwith vision, little has been examined about adaptation toleft–right reversed audition, partially due to the apparatusfor adaptation. Thus, it is unclear if the adaptive effectsreach early auditory processing. Here, we constructed aleft–right reversed stereophonic system using only wearabledevices and asked two participants to wear it for4 weeks. Every week, the magnetoencephalographicresponses were measured under the selective reaction timetask, where they immediately distinguished betweensounds delivered to either the left or the right ear with theindex finger on the compatible or incompatible side. Theconstructed system showed high performance in soundlocalization and achieved gradual reduction of a feeling ofstrangeness. The N1m intensities for the response-compatiblesounds tended to be larger than those for theresponse-incompatible sounds until the third week butdecreased on the fourth week, which correlated with theinitially shorter and longer reaction times for the compatibleand incompatible conditions, respectively. In the secondweek, disruption of the auditory-motor connectivitywas observed with the largest N1m intensities and thelongest reaction times, irrespective of compatibility. Inconclusion, we successfully produced a high-quality spaceof left–right reversed audition using our system. The resultssuggest that a 4-week exposure to the reversed auditioncauses optimization of the auditory-motor coordinationaccording to the new rule, which eventually results in themodulation of early auditory processing.
Schur Complement Based Analysis of MIMO Zero-Forcing for Rician Fading
Siriteanu, Constantin,Takemura, Akimichi,Kuriki, Satoshi,Richards, Donald St. P.,Hyundong Shin IEEE 2015 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Vol.14 No.4
<P>For multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing with zero-forcing detection (ZF), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analysis for Rician fading involves the cumbersome noncentral-Wishart distribution (NCWD) of the transmit sample-correlation (Gramian) matrix. An approximation with a virtual CWD previously yielded for the ZF SNR an approximate (virtual) Gamma distribution. However, analytical conditions qualifying the accuracy of the SNR-distribution approximation were unknown. Therefore, we have been attempting to exactly characterize ZF SNR for Rician fading. Our previous attempts succeeded only for the sole Rician-fading stream under Rician-Rayleigh fading, by writing the ZF SNR as scalar Schur complement (SC) in the Gramian. Herein, we pursue a more general matrix-SC-based analysis to characterize SNRs when several streams may undergo Rician fading. On one hand, for full-Rician fading, the SC distribution is found to be exactly a CWD if and only if a channel-mean-correlation condition holds. Interestingly, this CWD then coincides with the virtual CWD ensuing from the approximation. Thus, under the condition, the actual and virtual SNR-distributions coincide. On the other hand, for Rician-Rayleigh fading, the matrix-SC distribution is characterized in terms of the determinant of a matrix with elementary-function entries, which also yields a new characterization of the ZF SNR. Average error probability results validate our analysis vs. simulation.</P>
MIMO Zero-Forcing Performance Evaluation Using the Holonomic Gradient Method
Siriteanu, Constantin,Takemura, Akimichi,Kuriki, Satoshi,Hyundong Shin,Koutschan, Christoph IEEE 2015 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Vol.14 No.4
<P>For multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) spatial-multiplexing transmission, zero-forcing (ZF) detection is appealing because of its low complexity. Our recent MIMO ZF performance analysis for Rician-Rayleigh fading, which is relevant in heterogeneous networks, has yielded for the ZF outage probability and ergodic capacity infinite-series expressions. Because they arose from expanding the confluent hypergeometric function <SUB>1</SUB>F<SUB>1</SUB>(·, ·, σ) around 0, they do not converge numerically at realistically high Rician K-factor values. Therefore, herein, we seek to take advantage of the fact that <SUB>1</SUB>F<SUB>1</SUB>(·, ·, σ) satisfies a differential equation, i.e., it is a holonomic function. Holonomic functions can be computed by the holonomic gradient method (HGM), i.e., by numerically solving the satisfied differential equation. Thus, we first reveal that the moment generating function (m.g.f.) and probability density function (p.d.f.) of the ZF signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are holonomic. Then, from the differential equation for <SUB>1</SUB>F<SUB>1</SUB>(·, ·, σ), we deduce those satisfied by the SNR m.g.f. and p.d.f. and demonstrate that the HGM helps compute the p.d.f. accurately at practically relevant values of K. Finally, numerical integration of the SNR p.d.f. produced by HGM yields accurate ZF outage probability and ergodic capacity results.</P>