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        Mechanical Stretch Promotes Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells via Activation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

        Liang-Kun Chen,Ching-Chi Hsieh,Yi-Chao Huang,Yuan-Jung Huang,Chun-Fan Lung,Wei-En Hsu,Chao-Ling Yao,Tsung-Yu Tseng,Chi-Chung Wang,Yi-Chiung Hsu 한국생물공학회 2023 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.28 No.3

        Most of the gas exchange in the human body is carried out by the lungs, and the physiological activities of the lungs are uninterrupted. Due to the deterioration of the external environment, pulmonary cell lesions are common clinical lung diseases. Mechanical cyclic stretching is one kind of bionic technology to observe lung cancer cells. The A549 cell line is the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line derived from a primary lung tumor. This study investigated the effects of mechanical cyclic stretching on A549 cell activity and gene expression profile. Whereas mechanical cyclic stretching had no significant difference in colony formation and cell migration of A549 cells, the cell invasion increased significantly in A549 cells after stretching. In addition, the microarray data showed that mechanical cyclic stretching altered gene expression, induced inflammation of cells, and activation of Wnt/β- catenin and tumor necrosis factor pathways. More importantly, mechanical cyclic stretching activated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) protein. Therefore, the increase of cell invasion induced by mechanical cyclic stretching might be associated with the activation of TNF-α in human lung adenocarcinoma cells.

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        Improvement of the Thermal Latency for Epoxy-Phenolic Resins by Novel Amphiphatic Imidazole Catalysts

        Fung Fuh Wong,Chun Min Lin,Kun-Lung Chen,Yun-Hwei Shen,Jiann-Jyh Huang 한국고분자학회 2010 Macromolecular Research Vol.18 No.4

        Novel amphiphatic imidazole compounds were evaluated as thermal latent catalysts for the polymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). Amphiphatic compounds 5-9, two commercially available catalysts 1 and 2, and compounds 3 and 4 were used to cure epoxy resin systems for an investigation of their thermal latency and storage stability. The results from the cure activation energy and viscosity-storage time of the catalysts, the order of thermally latent activity was 3-phenylpropanoic acid (4) > 2-amino-3-phenylpropinoic acid (5) > 2-amino-3-(imidazole-4-yl)-propionic acid (H-His-OH, 8) > N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-histidine (9) > imidazole-4-acrylic acid (6) >3-(imidazole-4-yl)propionic acid (7) > 1-cyanoethyl-2-ethyl-4-methyl-imidazole (2) > 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (1) > histamine (3). From the results, the amphiphatic imidazole catalysts 5-9 showed better thermal latency than commercialized catalysts 1 and 2, basic catalyst 3 and acidic catalyst 4. Concerning the glass transition temperature (Tg), the use of amphiphatic imidazole catalysts 5-9 provided complete or near complete curing systems at temperatures ranging from 152-163 oC, which were similar to two commercially available catalysts (151-152 oC, 1 and 2)and histamine (159 oC, 3). On the other hand, the Tg for compounds 4 and 5 could not be detected at 30-300 oC from the temperature scans because of their weak nucleophilicity and low cross-linking reactivity.

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