The Syntheses, Characterizations, and Photocatalytic Activities of Silver, Platinum, and Gold Doped TiO₂ Nanoparticles

Kumaresan Loganathan,Palanisamy Bommusamy,Palanichamy Muthaiahpillai,Murugesan Velayutham 대한환경공학회 2011 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.16 No.2

Different weight percentages of Ag, Pt, and Au doped nano TiO₂ were synthesized using the acetic acid hydrolyzed sol-gel method. The crystallite phase, surface morphology combined with elemental composition and light absorption properties of the doped nano TiO₂ were comprehensively examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption analysis, transmission electron microscopic (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray, and DRS UV-vis analysis. The doping of noble metals stabilized the anatase phase, without conversion to rutile phase. The formation of gold nano particles in Au doped nano TiO₂ was confirmed from the XRD patterns for gold. The specific surface area was found to be in the range 50 to 85 m2/g. TEM images confirmed the formation a hexagonal plate like morphology of nano TiO₂. The photocatalytic activity of doped nano TiO₂ was evaluated using 4-chlorophenol as the model pollutant. Au doped (0.5 wt %) nano TiO₂ was found to exhibit higher photocatalytic activity than the other noble metal doped nano TiO₂, pure nano TiO₂ and commercial TiO₂ (Degussa P-25). This enhanced photocatalytic activity was due to the cathodic influence of gold in suppressing the electron-hole recombination during the reaction.

Conservation of Multivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Germplasm in India - An Overview

Kumaresan, P.,Sinha, R.K.,Mohan, B.,Thangavelu, K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.9 No.1

Indian multivoltine mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) strains are poor in silk productivity and fibre quality. However, they are commercially exploited for the past five decades either in the form of pure breeds or cross breeds because of their adaptability to adverse climatic condition and acclimatization to specific regions and seasons. In the present paper conservation strategies of multivoltine silkworm genetic resources are dealt along with detailed information on accessibility of genetic resources, method of genetic resources conservation, characterization of genetic resources for morphological and productivity traits of economic importance. Selection of best ten accessions based on various economic parameters including yarn quality and their scope for future utilization are discussed.

Heterosis Studies in Some Elite Multivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Races with Popular Bivoltine N$B_4D_2$

Kumaresan, P.,Sinha, R.K.,Thangavelu, K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2003 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.7 No.2

Ten multivoltine female parental lines were crossed with popular bivoltine male silkworm breed NB$_4$D$_2$. Three types of heterosis parameters viz., heterosis over mid-parental value (hybrid vigour), heterobeltiosis (useful heterosis) and standard heterosis (standard check) were estimated for 15 economically important quantitative traits. The interaction among the hybrids and parents indicated significant effect for maximum characters. The heterotic effect of new hybrid combination was compared with popular hybrids viz., Pure Mysore${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ and Nistari${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$. Varied heterotic effect was observed for different traits for different hybrid combination. The results inferred that the crosses viz., BL$_{23}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ ranked top for 14 traits followed by Hosa Mysore${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ for 11 traits; PA$_{12}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ for 9 traits; BL$_{24}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ for 8 traits; Kolar Gold${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ for 7 traits; WAI$_1$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ for 6 traits and MU$_{11}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ for 5 traits. Among these, the best hybrids Kolar Gold${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ and MU$_{11}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ were identified for longer filament length and fine denier. Similarly for higher cocoon yield and silk productivity BL$_{223}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ and BL$_{24}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ were found to be superior. These hybrid combinations are suitable for commercial exploitation at large scale.e.e.e.

Effect of Channel Thickness, Annealing Temperature and Channel Length on Nanoscale Ga₂O₃-In₂O₃-ZnO Thin Film Transistor Performance

Kumaresan, Yogeenth,Pak, Yusin,Lim, Namsoo,Lee, Ryeri,Song, Hui,Kim, Tae Heon,Choi, Boran,Jung, Gun Young American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.6

<P>We demonstrated the effect of active layer (channel) thickness and annealing temperature on the electrical performances of Ga2O3-In2O3-ZnO (GIZO) thin film transistor (TFT) having nanoscale channel width (W/L: 500 nm/100 mu m). We found that the electron carrier concentration of the channel was decreased significantly with increasing the annealing temperature (100 degrees C to 300 degrees C). Accordingly, the threshold voltage (V-T) was shifted towards positive voltage (-12.2 V to 10.8 V). In case of channel thickness, the V-T was shifted towards negative voltage with increasing the channel thickness. The device with channel thickness of 90 nm annealed at 200 degrees C revealed the best device performances in terms of mobility (10.86 cm(2)/Vs) and V-T (0.8 V). The effect of channel length was also studied, in which the channel width, thickness and annealing temperature were kept constant such as 500 nm, 90 nm and 200 degrees C, respectively. The channel length influenced the on-current level significantly with small variation of V-T, resulting in lower value of on/off current ratio with increasing the channel length. The device with channel length of 0.5 mu m showed enhanced on/off current ratio of 106 with minimum V-T of 0.26 V.</P>

An Analysis of Genetic Variation and Divergence on Silk Fibre Characteristics of Multivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Genotypes

Kumaresan P.,Koundinya P. R.,Hiremath S. A.,Sinha R. K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.14 No.1

The nature of genetic variation and diversity among the 65 multivoltine silkworm genotypes was evaluated for 16 post cocoon characters. The components of genetic variation revealed higher PCV (60.487%) and GCV (44.56%) for evenness (variation 1) followed by cohesion (PCV=55.38%, GCV=40.36%) and non-broken filament length (PCV=32.05%, GCV=31.28%). The higher heritability ($h^2$ in broad sense) was observed for boil-off loss (95.6%) followed by non-broken filament length (95.22%). The both genotypic and phenotypic correlation indicated significant positive correlation of filament length with non-broken filament length, silk recovery, raw silk, neatness, and low neatness; and negative correlation with denier, renditta and silk waste. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 75.381 % of total variance from the five principal components extracted. On the basis of Mahalonobis' $D^2$ values (Ward's minimum variance), the sixty-five multivoltine silkworm genotypes were classified in to 9 clusters with substantial inter and intra cluster distances. Number of genotypes included in different clusters varied from 3 to 17. The results indicated that the optimum distance obtained in cluster VII (15.059) along with higher cluster mean values especially for filament length, non broken filament length, renditta, silk recovery, silk waste, and raw silk emphasized the utilization of these genotypes in the conventional silkworm breeding programme for improvement of multivoltine silk fibre quality. The possibility of exploiting genetic variation in post cocoon traits for efficient breeding programme is discussed.

Studies on Long-term Preservation of Eggs of Indian Tropical Multivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Genetic Resources

Kumaresan, P.,Thangavelu, K.,Sinha, R.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.9 No.1

The silkworm rearing and growth parameters of 63 multivoltine silkworm accessions under extended period of egg preservation at 5$^{\circ}C$ from 30 days to 45 days were studied. The results indicate that, nine accessions did not respond to extended period of egg preservation at low temperature and the remaining 54 accessions responded to the treatment and three rearings were conducted for comparision with the control; to estimate the effect of prolonged egg preservation at low temperature. The non-parametric tests statistics (Wilcoxon tests) was adopted for comparing the mean performance of treated batches (45 days) over the control (30 days). Highly significant variability was found among the accessions for all the parameters under study. The genetically controlled morphological characters were not altered in the treated batches, which were found to be on par with that of control. However, the total larval duration varied significantly over the control in 51 accessions. Similarly, the fifth age larval duration of 27 accessions showed decreasing trend compared to control. Altogether 41 accessions were found to be tolerant to long-term cold preservation upto 45 days, without showing any significant variation for morphological as well as essential quantitative traits. These accessions may be recommended for long-term egg preservation schedule up to 45 days, which will reduce the cost of conservation of these silkworm germplasm.

A South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangement: Implications for Regional Trade in Food Commodities

( Kumaresan Govindan ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1996 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.11 No.4

As regionalism is regaining its momentum in different parts of the world, South Asian countries are becoming increasingly interested in regional integration to achieve expanded trade and economic growth in the region. This study attempts to analyze the implications of a South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) for expanded trade in food commodities. The import and export intensity indices for food commodities suggest many strong trade linkages between different South Asian countries. Using a partial equilibrium model, the ex-ante trade creation and trade diversion effects of a SAPTA are computed for food commodities. The results indicate that SAPTA would yield a considerable trade expansion in the region and would be welfare improving for all the South Asian countries. (JEL Classification: F15, F17, Fl)

Effect of Remote and Local Acupuncture Points on Periarthritis of Shoulder: A Comparative Study

Kumaresan Poorna Chandran,Prabu Poorna Chandran,Naveena Arumugam,Sendhilkumar Muthappan 사단법인약침학회 2021 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.14 No.1

Background: Periarthritis of shoulder is a painful condition of the shoulder, affecting 2-3% of the general population and 20% of diabetic patients. Acupuncture is a widely practiced traditional Chinese medicine. Recent evidence shows that it alleviates shoulder pain with different needling techniques. Objectives: The present study is to compare the efficacy of remote and local points on PAS. Methods: 60 subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, remote acupuncture group (n = 30) and local acupuncture group (n = 30). Both groups were assessed at baseline and at the end of 12 sessions. Shoulder pain and its disability index (SPADI) and (ROM) were measured using goniometer. The intervention was given weekly thrice on alternate days for four weeks with 20 min for each session. Results: The result shows that both remote and local acupuncture points were beneficial in the pain management and rage of motion when compared within the group. The effects of acupuncture at remote acupoints were better than those at local acupoints in SPADI and ROM when compared between two groups. Conclusion: In treatment of periarthritis of shoulder remote acupuncture points may have higher therapeutic value when compared to local points.

Preliminary Studies on the Role of ${\alpha}-Esterase$ Isozymes in Quantitative Traits of Two Multivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Races and their $F_1$ Hybrid

Kumaresan P.,Somasundaram P.,Kumar K. Ashok,Urs S. Raje Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2006 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.13 No.2

Heterosis was studied involving two multivoltine silkworm breeds viz, APM1 and SLKSPM through rearing and isozyme analysis. A positive significant heterotic effect was observed in fecundity, hatching % and survivability. The heterobeltiosis was observed only in fecundity and hatching %. Isozyme analysis of ${\alpha}-esterase$ showed variation in loci and allelic expression. The allele with heterozygosity $(Est-2^{12})$ was observed at the Est-2 locus in $F_1$ progeny. Est-3 was observed in $F_1$ progeny, whereas it was completely absent in both parental lines. The present study suggests that the markers ($Est-2^{12}$ and Est-3) targeted for introgression may be useful for the improvement of fecundity and survivability as the phenomenon of heterosis was observed only in $F_1$ progeny.

Ultra-High Sensitivity to Low Hydrogen Gas Concentration With Pd-Decorated IGZO Film

Kumaresan, Yogeenth,Kim, Hyeonghun,Jeong, Yeonggyo,Pak, Yusin,Cho, Sungjun,Lee, Ryeri,Lim, Namsoo,Jung, Gun Young IEEE 2017 IEEE electron device letters Vol.38 No.12

<P>To enhance the performance of semiconducting metal oxides, as hydrogen (H<SUB>2</SUB>) sensor, we introduced a high carrier concentration ( <TEX>${N}_{d}$</TEX>) metal oxide, indium-gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO), combined with palladium (Pd) catalysis. This allowed the detection of low concentrations of H<SUB>2</SUB> at room temperature. The base current level was linearly increased with the Pd thickness. As a result, a high sensor sensitivity of <TEX>$6.1 \times 10^{6}$</TEX>% at 5% H<SUB>2</SUB> concentration was obtained using a 1-nm-thick Pd-decorated IGZO film. Comparative studies with a zinc oxide (ZnO) counterpart showed that the <TEX>${N}_{d}$</TEX> of IGZO ( <TEX>$8 \times 10^{18}$</TEX> cm <TEX>$^{-3}$</TEX>) is significantly higher than that of ZnO ( <TEX>$2 \times 10^{16}$</TEX> cm <TEX>$^{-3}$</TEX>), indicating a closer location for the Fermi level of IGZO to the conduction band. Therefore, a relatively small amount of electron-donating H<SUB>2</SUB> was required to overcome the energy barrier in IGZO. Consequently, the 1-nm-thick Pd-decorated IGZO sensor responded to a gas level as low as 0.01% (100 ppm) and demonstrated a 70-fold higher sensitivity compared with ZnO sensor at all H<SUB>2</SUB> concentrations.</P>