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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Kumar Awkash (검색결과 2 건)
- 무료
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Assessment of Spatial Ambient Concentration of NH3 and its Health Impact for Mumbai City
Awkash Kumar,Rashmi S. Patil,Anil Kumar Dikshit,Rakesh Kumar 한국대기환경학회 2019 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.13 No.1
Generally, ambient Ammonia (NH3) concentration level is always under prescribed limit of government regulatory authorities but the concentration level tends to be higher in surrounding regions of a chemical fertilizer industry. There are many chemical fertilizer industries across the world and 9 public and 18 private fertilizers industries in India. Mostly, air quality monitoring is carried out for many gaseous pollutants and dust such as SO2, NO2, SPM, PM10 and PM2.5 but NH3 is monitored at only few selected locations. Maravali region of Mumbai city has a public sector fertilizer company and this region has maximum concentration of NH3 in Mumbai city. In this study, the spatial average concentration of NH3 was estimated for Mumbai city including and excluding the air quality monitoring site of Maravali, where fertilizer industry is present. The spatial average concentration of Mumbai city is 85 μg/m3 and 56 μg/m3 including and excluding Maravali respectively. The maximum concentration of NH3 is at Maravali and annual average concentration here is 342 μg/m3. This is 6.1 times more of spatial average concentration of Mumbai excluding Maravali. The same was visualized and represented in spatial concentration mapping using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation technique of ArcGIS tool. Also, health impact assessment was carried out for Mumbai city due to the concentration level of NH3. Local Concentration–Response (C-R) coefficient for Mumbai was used to assess health impact for ammonia. 3.4 and 6.8 Million people were exposed by phlegm and other chest illness respectively in Mumbai city. The economic cost of the health was also estimated for the phlegm due to ammonia which was 57 Million USD (3.9 Billion INR) for the year 2012 for Mumbai city.
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Creating Backup Management Resources for Spine Care during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Yadav Sandeep Kumar,Kar Bikram Keshri,Banta Aditya,Kumar Awkash 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.3
During this unprecedented time of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic, most countries are struggling to optimize their healthcare resources. Although the prevention and treatment of COVID 19 has become the priority for the majority of the population, most medical professionals are facing the challenge of balancing the management of this pandemic and treating patients with other diseases. Healthcare professionals from all specialties are facing this situation and designing guidelines and recommendations that are contributing to the literature that is crucial for disease management at the current time. We share our experience with two ends of the spectra that we currently observe in spine patients. One group of patients included the non-operative cases that presented with back pain. Further, we discuss our experience with operative precautions and digitally assisted discharge.
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