Impacts of Soil Organic Matter on Microbial Community of Paddy Soils in Gyeongnam Province

Son, Daniel,Sonn, Yeon-Kyu,Weon, Hang-Yeon,Heo, Jae-Young,Kim, Dae-Ho,Choi, Yong-Jo,Lee, Sang-Dae,Ok, Yong Sik,Lee, Young Han 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

Agricultural management of paddy soil depends on the effects of soil microbial activities. The present study evaluated the soil microbial community of 25 paddy soils in Gyeongnam Province by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The average of microbial communities in paddy soils were 32.2% of total bacteria, 16.7% of Gram-negative bacteria, 12.9% of Gram-positive bacteria, 2.0% of actinomycetes, 14.9% of fungi, and 1.3% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The communities of total bacteria (34.9%) and Gram-negative bacteria (19.4%) in soils with $30{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter were significantly larger than those in soils with other organic matter levels. However, soils with $20{\sim}30g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter had significantly low ratio of cy17:0 to $16:1{\omega}7c$ and cy19:0 to $18:1{\omega}7c$ as compared with soils with $30{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter, indicating microbial stress decreased (p < 0.05). In principal component analyses of soil microbial communities, Gram-negative bacteria should be considered as a potential responsible factor for the obvious microbial community differentiation that was observed between the two different organic matter levels in paddy fields. Thus, soils containing $20{\sim}30g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter were responsible for strong effect on microbial biomass and stress in paddy fields.

Antipsychotic-Associated Mental Side Effects and Their Relationship to Dopamine D2 Receptor Occupancy in Striatal Subdivisions: A High-Resolution PET Study With [11C]Raclopride

Kim, Jong-Hoon,Son, Young-Don,Kim, Hang-Keun,Lee, Sang-Yoon,Cho, Seo-Eun,Kim, Young-Bo,Cho, Zang-Hee Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2011 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY Vol.31 No.4

We examined the relationship between antipsychotic-associated mental side effects and dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in striatal subdivisions using high-resolution positron emission tomography with [C]raclopride to better characterize the neurochemical mechanism underlying these adverse effects. Twenty-one patients with schizophrenia receiving stable doses of antipsychotics and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy controls completed 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution positron emission tomography scans with [C]raclopride to measure D2 receptor binding potential (BPND) in the striatum. The D2 receptor BPND was obtained using a Logan plot, and receptor occupancy was calculated as the percentage reduction of receptor BPND with drug treatment relative to baseline. The data obtained from age- and sex-matched healthy controls were used as an estimate of the patients' baseline, as previously proposed. Antipsychotic-associated mental side effects were measured with the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale. The whole striatal D2 receptor occupancy ranged from 54% to 95%. The analysis revealed that the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale score had significant positive associations with D2 occupancy in the precommissural dorsal caudate, postcommissural caudate, and ventral striatum. The results suggest that mental side effects of antipsychotics are associated with D2 receptor blockade in the associative and limbic subdivisions of the striatum, which are considered to play a crucial role in cognition and reward motivation.

In vivo metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 availability-associated functional connectivity alterations in drug-naïve young adults with major depression

Kim, Jong-Hoon,Joo, Yo-Han,Son, Young-Don,Kim, Jeong-Hee,Kim, Yun-Kwan,Kim, Hang-Keun,Lee, Sang-Yoon,Ido, Tatsuo Elsevier 2019 European neuropsychopharmacology Vol.29 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>There has been increasing interest in glutamatergic neurotransmission as a putative underlying mechanism of depressive disorders. We performed [<SUP>11</SUP>C]ABP688 positron emission tomography (PET) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in drug-naïve young adult patients with major depression to examine alterations in metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5) availability, and to investigate their functional significance relating to neural systems-level changes in major depression. Sixteen psychotropic drug-naïve patients with major depression without comorbidity (median age: 22.8 years) and fifteen matched healthy controls underwent [<SUP>11</SUP>C]ABP688 PET imaging and 3-T MRI. For mGluR5 availability, we quantified [<SUP>11</SUP>C]ABP688 binding potential (BP<SUB>ND</SUB>) using the simplified reference tissue model. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed using rs-fMRI data with regions derived from quantitative [<SUP>11</SUP>C]ABP688 PET analysis as seeds. In region-of-interest (ROI)-based and voxel-based analyses, the [<SUP>11</SUP>C]ABP688 BP<SUB>ND</SUB> was significantly lower in patients than in controls in the prefrontal cortex ROI and in voxel clusters within the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices, and supramarginal gyrus. The [<SUP>11</SUP>C]ABP688 BP<SUB>ND</SUB> seed-based functional connectivity analysis showed significantly less negative connectivity from the inferior parietal cortex seed to the fusiform gyrus and inferior occipital cortex in patients than in controls. The correlation patterns between [<SUP>11</SUP>C]ABP688 BP<SUB>ND</SUB> and functional connectivity strength (β) for the superior prefrontal cortex seed were opposite in the depression and control groups. In conclusion, using a novel approach combining [<SUP>11</SUP>C]ABP688 PET and rs-fMRI analyses, our study provides a first evidence of lower mGluR5 availability and related functional connectivity alterations in drug-naïve young adults with major depression without comorbidity.</P>

Facile preparation of a zinc-based alloy composite as a novel anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

Hung, Nguyen Thanh,Bae, Joonwon,Kim, Ji Hyeon,Son, Hyung Bin,Kim, Il Tae,Hur, Jaehyun Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.429 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report a new Zn-based nanocomposite anode material (Zn-Ti-C) for lithium-ion batteries synthesized by thermal treatment and a high energy mechanical milling process. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of active Zn nanoparticles finely dispersed in the hybrid titanium carbide (TiC) and carbon matrix. Electrochemical analyses show that the formation of the TiC and carbon buffer matrix significantly contributed to the improved performance of the Zn-based electrode by mitigating the volume changes of the Zn nanoparticles during the charge/discharge processes. Furthermore, we optimized the stoichiometric ratio of Zn and Ti in terms of specific capacity, cycling performance, and rate capability in the presence of carbon. The material with a 2:1 atomic ratio (ZnTi(2:1)-C) exhibited the best cycle life, with a gravimetric capacity of 363.6mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP> and a volumetric capacity of 472.7mAhcm<SUP>−3</SUP> after 300 charge/discharge cycles (78.1% retention). At this ratio, Zn-Ti-C consistently showed the best rate capability measurements up to 3000mAg<SUP>−1</SUP> (85% of its capacity at 100mAg<SUP>−1</SUP>). Therefore, our Zn-Ti-C composite is a promising alternative negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We fabricated a new Zn-based nanocomposite (Zn-Ti-C) alloy anodes by high-energy mechanical milling for use in lithium-ion batteries. </LI> <LI> The electrochemical performances of various Zn-based nanocomposites (Zn, Zn-Ti, and Zn-Ti-C with different ratios) were investigated. </LI> <LI> We found ZnTi(2:1)-C showed the best electrochemical performances in terms of specific capacity, cyclic performances, and rate capabilities. </LI> <LI> The mechanism of formation of Zn-TiC-C from Zn-Ti-C was examined by using XRD, TEM, and DCP data. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>We fabricated the high performances of Zn-TiC-C nanocomposite alloy anodes using high-energy mechanical milling for use in lithium-ion batteries.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The development of embedded device to detect chatter vibration in machine tools and CNC-based autonomous compensation

Kim, Dong-Hoon,Song, Jun-Yeob,Cha, Suk-Keun,Son, Hung-Sun 대한기계학회 2011 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.25 No.10

The chatter vibration stands for a sudden relative vibration appeared between a material and a tool while processing with a machine. This vibration is a factor that seriously affects the quality of processed materials as well as being a factor which causes serious damages to the tool and the machine. This study is related to the detection and compensation of chatter vibration that can compensate chatter vibration faster and produce processed goods with more precision by autonomous compensation. The above-mentioned chatter vibration compensator includes the chatter vibration sensor and the chatter compensator that estimates the compensation value according to the sensor detecting the chatter vibration of machine tool and the chatter vibration detected from the sensor while having a feature of being organized by interlocking with the machine tool controller.

Thalassobacter arenae sp. nov., isolated from sea sand in Korea.

Kim, Byung-Yong,Weon, Hang-Yeon,Son, Jung-A,Lee, Chang-Muk,Hong, Seung-Beom,Jeon, Young-Ah,Koo, Bon-Sung,Kwon, Soon-Wo Society for General Microbiology 2009 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.59 No.3

<P>A Gram-negative, short rod-shaped bacterium, strain GA2-M15(T), was isolated from a sea-sand sample at Homi Cape, Pohang city, Republic of Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate was unique, showing 95.9 % sequence similarity to the type strain of Thalassobacter stenotrophicus and similarities of 94.0-95.2 % to the type strains of species of the genera Octadecabacter (94.4-95.2 %), Jannaschia (94.0-94.4 %) and Thalassobius (94.0-94.7 %). Chemotaxonomic characteristics (diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine as the major polar lipids and C(18 : 1)omega7c as the predominant fatty acid) and DNA G+C content (56 mol%) were also similar to those of Thalassobacter stenotrophicus. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, physiological properties and some fatty acid components showed that strain GA2-M15(T) could be differentiated from Thalassobacter stenotrophicus. On the basis of these results, strain GA2-M15(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Thalassobacter, for which the name Thalassobacter arenae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GA2-M15(T) (=KACC 12675(T) =DSM 19593(T)).</P>

Ozone-Generation Panel with an Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Kim Sang-Jin,Kim Sichan,Son Byung-Koo,Lee Kyu-Hang,Park Bong-Joo,Cho Guangsup 한국물리학회 2020 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.77 No.7

For small-scale discharge panels of volume-dielectric barrier discharge (V-DBD) and surface-DBD (S-DBD) with an Al2O3-ceramic dielectric layer and a sinusoidal alternating current (AC)-voltage at a frequency of 55 kHz, the plasma and the ozone densities in the discharge area are estimated by analyzing the I-V (current and voltage) characteristics and ozone measuring the concentration in a liter-scale container. With a plasma current in the range of 10-20 mA, the plasma density is np ~ (1018-1019) m-3 for the V-DBD and np ~ (1017-1018) m-3 for the S-DBD, irrespective of environmental temperature. However, the ozone density generated on DBD is strongly affected by the electrode temperature and is reduced as the environmental temperature is increased. At an environmental temperature as low as 10 °C, the ozone density generated on the V-DBD is as low as n(O3) ~ (1017-1018) m-3 with a high electrode temperature of more than 100 °C; on the other hand, the ozone density on the S-DBD is n(O3) ~ (1019-1020) m-3 with a low electrode temperature of ~30 °C, which is higher by an order of 102 than the plasma density on the S-DBD plasma panel.

EPR Lineshape and g-Factor of the Single Crystal $Mn_xSi_{1-x}$

Son, Phil-Kook,Hwang, Young-Hun,Heo, Kyong-Chan,Kim, Hung-Cheol,Ok, Chi-Il,Um, Young-Ho,Kim, Jang-Whan Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2004 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.8 No.1

We have measured the linewidth and g-factor of EPR signals of the single crystal Mn$_{x}$Si$_{1-x}$ as a function of Mn-composition (0.4$\leq$x$\leq$0.9). We have investigated the linewidth of Mn$_{0.49}$Si$_{0.51}$ as a function of temperature (100 $\leq$ T $\leq$ 300 K). From these results EPR linewidth equation could be fitted for experimental data of EPR linewidth. This type of equation is similar to the shape of EPR linewidth of DMS (dulite magnetic semiconductor).or).r).

Penalized PET Reconstruction Using Deep Learning Prior and Local Linear Fitting

Kim, Kyungsang,Wu, Dufan,Gong, Kuang,Dutta, Joyita,Kim, Jong Hoon,Son, Young Don,Kim, Hang Keun,El Fakhri, Georges,Li, Quanzheng IEEE 2018 IEEE transactions on medical imaging Vol.37 No.6

<P>Motivated by the great potential of deep learning in medical imaging, we propose an iterative positron emission tomography reconstruction framework using a deep learning-based prior. We utilized the denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN) method and trained the network using full-dose images as the ground truth and low dose images reconstructed from downsampled data by Poisson thinning as input. Since most published deep networks are trained at a predetermined noise level, the noise level disparity of training and testing data is a major problem for their applicability as a generalized prior. In particular, the noise level significantly changes in each iteration, which can potentially degrade the overall performance of iterative reconstruction. Due to insufficient existing studies, we conducted simulations and evaluated the degradation of performance at various noise conditions. Our findings indicated that DnCNN produces additional bias induced by the disparity of noise levels. To address this issue, we propose a local linear fitting function incorporated with the DnCNN prior to improve the image quality by preventing unwanted bias. We demonstrate that the resultant method is robust against noise level disparities despite the network being trained at a predetermined noise level. By means of bias and standard deviation studies via both simulations and clinical experiments, we show that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods based on total variation and non-local means penalties. We thereby confirm that the proposed method improves the reconstruction result both quantitatively and qualitatively.</P>

Effects of Fucoidan on NO Production and Phagocytosis of Macrophages and the Proliferation of Neuron Cells

Hang, Do,Choi, Hye-Sook,Kang, Se-Chan,Kim, Kyung-Ran,Sohn, Eun-Soo,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Pyo, Suhkneung,Son, Eun-Wha The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2005 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.10 No.4

Fucoidans, high-molecular-weight sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweeds, have various biological activities. Here we examined whether fucoidan could ncrease the immunomodulation and proliferation capacity of cells in vitro. When peritoneal macrophages were treated with various concentrations of fucoidan $(1\~100{\mu}g/mL)$ for 24 hours, NO production was significantly increased. In addition, exposure of macrophages to $10{\mu}g/mL$ of fucoidan induced a phagocytic activity. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH) with fucoidan enhanced cell proliferation and NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that fucoidan has both immunomodulatory and cell proliferative properties, and may thus be a candidate for development as an immunomodulating agent.