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K.-H. IM,N.-S. PARK,Y.-N. KIM,L.-Y. YANG 한국자동차공학회 2003 International journal of automotive technology Vol.4 No.4
This paper describes a method for a falling weight impact test to estimate the impact energy absorbing characteristics and impact strength of CFRP (Carbon-fiber reinforced plastics) laminate plates based on considerations of stress wave propagation theory, which were converted to measurements of load and displacement verses time. The delamination area of impacted specimens for the different ply orientations was measured with an ultrasonic C-scanner to determine the correlation between impact energy and delamination area. The energy absorbed by a quasi-isotropic specimen having four interfaces was higher than that of orthotropic laminates with two interfaces. The more interfaces, the greater the energy absorbed. The absorbed energy of a hybrid specimen embedding GFRP (Glass-fiber reinforced plastics) layer was higher than that of normal specimens. Also, a falling weight impact tester was built to evaluate the characteristics and impact strength of CFRPs.
Electrical conductivity enhancement of epitaxially grown TiN thin films
Khim Yeong Gwang,Park Beomjin,Heo Jin Eun,Khim Young Hun,Khim Young Rok,Gu Minseon,Rhee Tae Gyu,Chang Seo Hyoung,Han Moonsup,Chang Young Jun 한국물리학회 2023 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.82 No.5
Titanium nitride (TiN) presents superior electrical conductivity with mechanical and chemical stability and compatibility with the semiconductor fabrication process. Here, we fabricated epitaxial and polycrystalline TiN (111) thin flms on MgO (111), sapphire (001), and mica substrates at 640℃ and room temperature by using a DC sputtering, respectively. The epitaxial flms show less amount of surface oxidation than the polycrystalline ones grown at room temperature. The epitaxial flms show drastically reduced resistivity (~ 30 micro-ohm-cm), much smaller than the polycrystalline flms. Temperature-dependent resistivity measurements show a nearly monotonic temperature slope down to low temperature. These results demonstrate that high-temperature growth of TiN thin flms leads to signifcant enhancement of electrical conductivity, promising for durable and scalable electrode applications.
Khim, Dongyoon,Han, Hyun,Baeg, Kang‐,Jun,Kim, Juhwan,Kwak, Sun‐,Woo,Kim, Dong‐,Yu,Noh, Yong‐,Young WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.25 No.31
<P><B>Large‐area polymer FET arrays and integrated circuits (ICs)</B> are successfully demonstrated via a simple wire‐bar–coating process. Both a highly crystalline conjugated polymer layer and very smooth insulating polymer layer are formed by a consecutive wire‐bar–coating process on a 4‐inch plastic substrate with a short processing time for application as the active and dielectric layers of OFET arrays and ICs.</P>
Khim, Jong Seong,Hong, Seongjin,Yoon, Seo Joon,Nam, Jungho,Ryu, Jongseong,Kang, Seong-Gil Elsevier 2018 Environmental pollution Vol.242 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ecological quality objectives (EcoQOs), as tools for implementing ecosystem approach, have long been acknowledged to protect the marine ecosystems and fisheries in regional seas through joint efforts by surrounding countries over the past decade. The present review analyzed the best available meta-data relating to the five ecosystem elements that were recently proposed by the Northwest Pacific Action Plan to evaluate the current status of coastal ecosystem health in marine environment of the Yellow Sea. We suggested the six tentative EcoQOs among five ecological quality elements including: 1) biological and habitat diversity; 2) invasive species; 3) eutrophication; 4) pollutants; and 5) marine litters. Environmental status was assessed, depending on the EcoQOs targets, by comparison to the world average values, existing environmental standards, or reported values of other regional seas. Results of analysis revealed that among the six tentative EcoQOs, two target objectives to marine biodiversity and concentrations of nutrients (viz., DIN and DIP) were met towards good environmental status. Whilst, three EcoQOs relating to hypoxia and red-tide, pollutants (persistent toxic substances and metals), and marine litters (including microplastics) did not meet and one relating to invasive species could not be judged due to insufficient data sets. The biggest weak point for developing suitable EcoQOs and assessing status of ecosystem health could be insufficient meta-data sets available and/or discrepancy in methodological details cross the data-sets or between the two targeted countries. Thus, the cooperation of neighboring countries, viz., Korea and China for the Yellow Sea, is necessary for the ecosystem based management of our regional sea in the future. Overall, this first time review for the assessment of target tentative EcoQOs in the Yellow Sea region encompassing coasts of Korea and China would provide a better understanding of the current status of environmental pollution and ecosystem health.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> First reviewed ecological qualities of the Yellow Sea for the six tentative EcoQOs. </LI> <LI> EcoQOs for marine biodiversity and nutrient concentrations were met. </LI> <LI> EcoQOs for hypoxia and red-tide, pollutants, and marine litters were not meet. </LI> <LI> EcoQO for invasive species could not be judged due to insufficient meta-data. </LI> <LI> Further development and analyses of EcoQOs needed by joint efforts of Korea and China. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Khim, Dongyoon,Baeg, Kang-Jun,Kim, Juhwan,Yeo, Jun-Seok,Kang, Minji,Amegadzea, Paul S. K.,Kim, Mu-Gyeom,Cho, Joonhyuk,Lee, Jung Hun,Kim, Dong-Yu,Noh, Yong-Young The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.33
<P>Here we report the effects of a Cs-salt based charge injection interlayer on the characteristics of top-gate/bottom-contact (TG/BC) ambipolar polymer OFETs with poly(thienylenevinylene-co-phthalimide)s functionalized at the imide nitrogen with dodecyl (PTVPhI-C12). P-channel dominant PTVPhI-C12 ambipolar OFETs showed both an improved electron injection and blocked hole injection properties by insertion of a thermally deposited thin CsF interlayer between Au source/drain electrodes and the organic semiconductor. X-ray and UV photoelectron spectroscopy results exhibited that the work-function of the Au electrode progressively changed from −4.5 eV to −3.9 eV and the Fermi levels of PTVPhI-C12 concomitantly moved towards the LUMO level of the conjugated polymer with an increase of CsF thickness from 0 nm to 1.5 nm, respectively. Both the shifting of Au work-function and the molecular doping of PTVPhI-C12 by insertion of CsF provide an order of magnitude improved n-channel properties in p-channel dominant ambipolar PTVPhI-C12 OFETs. In the end, the characteristics of the PTVPhI-C12 complementary inverter were improved (gain > 23) by a selective deposition and optimization of the CsF interlayer thickness on the n-channel region of ambipolar CMOS inverters.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Here we report the effects of a Cs-salt based charge injection interlayer on the characteristics of top-gate/bottom-contact ambipolar polymer OFETs. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm32721j'> </P>
Khim, B.K.,Bahk, J.J. Pergamon Press 2014 Quaternary international Vol.344 No.-
A piston core (EBP-3) collected from the South Korea Plateau in the East Sea (Japan Sea) preserved typical alternations of thick, dark laminated mud layers and bioturbated hemipelagic mud layers, but included several intercalated volcanic lapilli layers. The age estimate of core EBP-3 was aided by correlation of biostratigraphic radiolarian data, the abundance of microfossils (warm-water radiolarians), and geochemical properties (CaCO<SUB>3</SUB>) with the proxies of the well-dated core MD01-2407 obtained from the Oki Ridge. A part from the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 to MIS 9 in the middle of core EBP-3 was missing, presumably because of erosion following the abrupt deposition of a volcanic lapilli layer. Despite some uncertainty, the age estimate of core EBP-3 revealed that the lower part of core EBP-3 represents MIS 13, as was also evident from a comparison with the oxygen isotope stratigraphy. Downcore biogenic opal and CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> variations in core EBP-3 exhibited less distinct orbital-scale cyclic changes than cores from other areas in the East Sea (Japan Sea). However, differences in features were discernible between MIS 2 and MIS 12 in terms of their lithology and CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> constituent, although both periods were characterized by relatively high levels of CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> (about 30% for MIS 2 and about 50% for MIS 12). MIS 2 preserved a typical thick, dark laminated mud layer, whereas MIS 12 preserved a distinctly light mud layer with thin parallel laminations. This difference of the lithologic facies between MIS 2 and MIS 12 highlighted a discrepancy among the major constituents, indicating that planktonic foraminifera were dominant in MIS 2, whereas coccolithophores were dominant in MIS 12. Our results suggest that the thinly-laminated light mud layer, which is characterized by a high CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> content primarily composed of coccolithophores in MIS 12, can be used as a reliable time marker for the establishment of chronostratigraphy in the East Sea.