Photoassisted Catalytic Dissociation of H_2O to Produce Hydrogen on Partially Reduced α-Fe_2O_3

Khader, M. M.,Vurens, G. H.,Kim, I. K.,Salmeron, M.,Somorjai, G. A. 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1988 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.7 No.3

The photodissociation of H_2O on partially reduced Fe_2O_3 powders and pellets is shown to be a catalytic process if the semiconductor is illuminated by visible light of energy greater than 2.2eV. Activation of the Fe_2O_3 catalysts involved reduction in a mixture of H_2O followed by oxidation. Up to 380 μmol of H_2 were produced with 190 μmol of Fe_2O_3 powder. The rate was 40 μmol h^-1 g^-1 for the first 200h and started to decay thereafter. O_2 was also produced as shown by using H_2^18O in amounts of up to 40 ± 15% of the amount of H_2 detected in the same experiment. In photoelectroehemical esperiments with use of a three compartment cell the active pellets produced photocurrents of approximately 4 μA cm^-2 mW^-1 at +0.5 V bias (SCE. pH 13). Simultancously, H_2 was produced at a rate of 0.06 μmol h^-1 mW^-1. A lower limit to the conversion efficiency of approximately 10^-3 H_2 molecules per photon is obtained.

Enhancing value of quality assurance rounds in improving radiotherapy management: a retrospective analysis from King Hussein Cancer Center in Jordan

Khader, Jamal K.,Al-Mousa, Abdelatif M.,Mohamad, Issa A.,Abuhijlih, Ramiz A.,Al-Khatib, Sondos A.,Alnsour, Anoud Z.,Asha, Wafa A.,Ramahi, Shada W.,Hosni, Ali A.,Abuhijla, Fawzi J. The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2019 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.37 No.1

Purpose: The quality assurance (QA) chart rounds are multidisciplinary meetings to review radiation therapy (RT) treatment plans. This study focus on describing the changes in RT management based on QA round reviews in a single institution. Materials and Methods: After 9 full years of implementation, a retrospective review of all patients whose charts passed through departmental QA chart rounds from 2007 to 2015. The reviewed cases were presented for RT plan review; subcategorized based on decision in QA rounds into: approved, minor modifications or major modifications. Major modification defined as any substantial change which required patient re-simulation or re-planning prior to commencement of RT. Minor modification included treatment plan changes which didn't necessarily require RT re-planning. Results: Overall 7,149 RT treatment plans for different anatomical sites were reviewed at QA rounds. From these treatment plans, 6,654 (93%) were approved, 144 (2%) required minor modifications, while 351 (5%) required major modifications. Major modification included changes in: selected RT dose (96/351, 27%), target volume definition (127/351, 36%), organs-at-risk contouring (10/351, 3%), dose volume objectives/constraints criteria (90/351, 26%), and intent of treatment (28/351, 8%). The RT plans which required major modification according to the tumor subtype were as follows: head and neck (104/904, 12%), thoracic (12/199, 6%), gastrointestinal (33/687,5%), skin (5/106, 5%), genitourinary (16/359, 4%), breast (104/2387, 4%), central nervous system (36/846, 4%), sarcoma (11/277, 4%), pediatric (7/251, 3%), lymphoma (10/423, 2%), gynecological tumors (2/359, 1%), and others (11/351, 3%). Conclusion: Multi-disciplinary standardized QA chart rounds provide a comprehensive and an influential method on RT plans and/or treatment decisions.

Relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and metabolic syndrome among Jordanian adults

Khader, Yousef S.,Batieha, Anwar,Jaddou, Hashim,Batieha, Zahi,El-Khateeb, Mohammed,Ajlouni, Kamel The Korean Nutrition Society 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol. No.

Evidence of the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and metabolic syndrome (MeS) remains uncertain and incongruent. This study aimed to determine the association between 25(OH)D and MeS among Jordanian adults. A complex multistage sampling technique was used to select a national population-based household sample. The present report deals exclusively with adults aged > 18 years who had complete information on all components of MeS (n = 3,234). A structured questionnaire was used to collect all relevant information. Anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory measurements were obtained. MeS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition. Of the total, 42.0% had MeS and 31.7% had 25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml. In a stratified analysis, the prevalence of MeS did not differ significantly between subjects with low and normal 25(OH)D levels for men and women in all age groups. In the multivariate analysis, the odds of MeS were not significantly different between subjects with low and normal 25(OH)D levels (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.05, P-value = 0.133). The association between 25(OH)D and MeS remained non-significant when 25(OH)D was analyzed as a continuous variable (OR = 1.004, 95% CI; 1.000, 1.008, P = 0.057) and when analyzed based on quartiles. None of the individual components of MeS were significantly associated with 25(OH)D level. This study does not provide evidence to support the association between 25(OH)D level and MeS or its individual components. Prospective studies are necessary to better determine the roles of 25(OH)D levels in the etiology of MeS.

FRACTIONAL CHEBYSHEV FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR SOLVING THE FRACTIONAL BVPS

Khader, M.M.,Hendy, A.S. The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2013 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.31 No.1

In this paper, we introduce a new numerical technique which we call fractional Chebyshev finite difference method (FChFD). The algorithm is based on a combination of the useful properties of Chebyshev polynomials approximation and finite difference method. We tested this technique to solve numerically fractional BVPs. The proposed technique is based on using matrix operator expressions which applies to the differential terms. The operational matrix method is derived in our approach in order to approximate the fractional derivatives. This operational matrix method can be regarded as a non-uniform finite difference scheme. The error bound for the fractional derivatives is introduced. The fractional derivatives are presented in terms of Caputo sense. The application of the method to fractional BVPs leads to algebraic systems which can be solved by an appropriate method. Several numerical examples are provided to confirm the accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Error Control Policy for Initial Value Problems with Discontinuities and Delays

Khader, Abdul Hadi Alim A. Department of Mathematics 2008 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.48 No.4

Runge-Kutta-Nystr$\"{o}$m (RKN) methods provide a popular way to solve the initial value problem (IVP) for a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Users of software are typically asked to specify a tolerance ${\delta}$, that indicates in somewhat vague sense, the level of accuracy required. It is clearly important to understand the precise effect of changing ${\delta}$, and to derive the strongest possible results about the behaviour of the global error that will not have regular behaviour unless an appropriate stepsize selection formula and standard error control policy are used. Faced with this situation sufficient conditions on an algorithm that guarantee such behaviour for the global error to be asympotatically linear in ${\delta}$ as ${\delta}{\rightarrow}0$, that were first derived by Stetter. Here we extend the analysis to cover a certain class of ODEs with low-order derivative discontinuities, and the class of ODEs with constant delays. We show that standard error control techniques will be successful if discontinuities are handled correctly and delay terms are calculated with sufficient accurate interpolants. It is perhaps surprising that several delay ODE algorithms that have been proposed do not use sufficiently accurate interpolants to guarantee asymptotic proportionality. Our theoretical results are illustrated numerically.

Levels of Pragmatic Lexicon: Search in Semantic Devlopment Discourse, in the Travels of Ibn Battutah

Ghazi Khader Ali Al Zanahreh 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2017 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.21 No.2

This paper studies the semantic devlopment in the Travels of Ibn Battutah, in an attempt to make for the shortcomings in the study of the Arabic language history, especially in connection with the devolpment of semantics in the light of Modern Linguistics findings and laws that control the relationship between language and society. It enumerates the aspect and reasons of semantic development, and shows the factors that guide the new meanings of words that emerge out of it. This paper also shows the stages of the semantic development of some words through their usage in Ibn Battutah’s Travels versus the traditional Arabic lexican, and lashes at the semantic development that took place beyond Ibn Battutah’s time. This paper also tries to relate the semantic development as manifested in Ibn Battutah’s Travels to the political, religious and social conditions that entailed them, and tries to show how the linguistic dominance of Persian in India at that time influenced the semantic change of some words.

Idiomatic Patterns in Modern Standard Arabic and Their Role in Translation and Teaching Arabic as a Second Language

Ghazi Khader Ali Al Zanahreh 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2018 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.22 No.3

The Idiomatic patterns of the proposed research are those that contain certain fixed words and particles as well as slots for inserting other words (including nouns and verbs) all of which comprise the skeletons for complex sentence constructions. Such sentential structures are not only frequent in both spoken and written Arabic but also are so significant for indicating discourse cohesion, because they serve as discourse markers connecting sentences together. Such constructions exist in other languages such as constructions (1)-(2) below in English: (1) […] had no sooner […] than […] (2) […] not only […] but also […] In both constructions (1)-(2), the words represent the fixed words and particles while the dots (in square brackets) represent the slots within which words (i.e., verbs or nouns) can be inserted. Idiomatic constructions are subject to morphological and syntactic rules that are learnable once their use and contexts are sufficiently understood and explained. Arabic contains a good number of idiomatic constructions that aid the Arabic speaker to express himself/herself in both spoken and written media. Since such construction are essential for the native speaker, they are equally so for the foreign language learner. حاول هذا البحث دراسة القوالب الأسلوبية في اللغة العربية المعاصرة، فحدد إطار البحث وبسط مفاهيمه ووضح مصطلحاته، وعرّف بالمجال المعرفي والبحثي الذي ينتمي له، هو محاولة مخلصة لفتح آفاق جديدة في البحث اللغوي وخاصة في مجال تدريس اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها. وقد توصل البحث إلى نتائج أهمها ما يأتي: (1) أن هذه القوالب تجمع بين الأصالة والمعاصرة؛ فهي من ناحية نحوية تتقيد في معظم استعمالاتها بالقواعد النحوية والصرفية المقررة كما وضعها وقعّدها علماء النحو واللغة الأوائل، وأسلوبيا تعبّر عن العصر الحديث نتيجة احتكاكها باللغات الأوروبية، ولا سيّما اللغتين الإنجليزية والفرنسية، دون إهدار لقواعد النحو ولا لقواعد نظم الجملة العربية، إضافة إلى تطوير بعض الأساليب العربية القديمة.إن بعض القوالب القديمة اُسْتعملت كما هي في شكلها القديم وبعضها أصابه شيء من التطور فظهرت كتلوين أسلوبي لبعض القوالب الأخرى. (2) إن الألفاظ الداخلة في هذه القوالب هي ألفاظ حية مستعملة في اللغة في استعمالاتها المختلفة، كما هي مستعملة في القوالب، لذلك يحسن بنا أن لا نتسرع في الاستنتاج بأن نعُدّ استعمالا ما ينتمي إلى هذا القالب أو ذاك لمجرد وجود لفظ من القالب في هذا الاستعمال، وهذا يعني ضرورة أن يستوفي كل قالب عناصره اللغوية كلها لنقرر أنه يقع في حيّز القالب. (3) إن معظم القوالب تتمتع بمرونة واسعة أسلوبيا، ويشهد بذلك إمكانية إجراء تغييرات على الألفاظ الثابتة في القالب، وهذا يمكّن مستعمل اللغة من التنويع في ألفاظه وطريقة تعبيره عن المعنى الواحد. والسعة التعبيرية التي تتيحها القوالب لا تقف بمستعمل اللغة عند تبديل ألفاظ ثابتة في القالب بأخرى، بل تتعدى ذلك إلى إتاحة المجال له ليعبر عن فكرته بقالب أسلوبي آخر. (4) إن هذه القوالب ليس ثَمَّ ما يحصرها في استعمال لغوي محدد، بل يمكن أن تستعمل في كل أشكال ومستويات الاستعمال الحي، كتابة ومشافهة، فقد ترد في الاستعمالات الأدبية الراقية كالرواية والقصة والشعر، وقد ترد في الكتب والمؤلفات العلمية، كما قد تستعمل في الأخبار والتقارير الصحفية. وتدخل فيها وحدات معجمية إضافية بحسب استعمالاتها، ففي الاستعمالات الأدبية والمقالات تكون معانيها أكثر عمقا ووحداتها المعجمية أكثر غزارة، حتى إذا استعملناها في الأخبار البسيطة ومواقف المشافهة وجدناها تنحو منحى البساطة. (5) هذا بحث جديد في بابه وموضوعه، والجدة فيه ليس في القوالب التي يدرسها، فهي مبثوثة في مختلف الكتابات التي ظهرت وتظهر في اللغة العربية من أعمال أدبية كالروايات والقصص، ومن كتب ومقالات على اختلاف أنواعها واختصاصات أصحاب ...

Sections of The Three Radical Verbs Between Classical Arabic And Classical Ancient Arabic Dialects

Alzanahreh, Ghazi Khader Ali 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2021 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.25 No.1

This research aims to discuss a thorny issue of morphology in which there is a lot of confusion and conflicting opinions, which is the issue of the sections of the three radical verbs. Is it nine as the rational division requires it to be? Or is it four, as Sibawayh mentioned, or five, as others said? In order to achieve this goal, the research presented the six section of the three radical verbs, and elicited the opinions of some grammarians. The research discussed the basis on which the idea of the three verb categories division was based, and stopped at the idea of the necessity of a contradiction among the vocalizations of the second radical in the past tense and the present tense form, which was the decisive factor in determining the steady and anomalous analogy of the derivation. The research also stopped at the dialectical overlapping theory with which Ibn Jinni dealt with this topic.

Fractional Chebyshev finite difference method for solving the fractional BVPs

M. M. Khader,A. S. Hendy 한국전산응용수학회 2013 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.31 No.1

In this paper, we introduce a new numerical technique which we call fractional Chebyshev finite difference method (FChFD). The algorithm is based on a combination of the useful properties of Chebyshev polynomials approximation and finite difference method. We tested this technique to solve numerically fractional BVPs. The proposed technique is based on using matrix operator expressions which applies to the differential terms. The operational matrix method is derived in our approach in order to approximate the fractional derivatives. This operational matrix method can be regarded as a non-uniform finite difference scheme. The error bound for the fractional derivatives is introduced. The fractional derivatives are presented in terms of Caputo sense. The application of the method to fractional BVPs leads to algebraic systems which can be solved by an appropriate method. Several numerical examples are provided to confirm the accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and metabolic syndrome among Jordanian adults

Yousef S Khader,Anwar Batieha,Hashim Jaddou,Zahi Batieha,Mohammed El-Khateeb,Kamel Ajlouni 한국영양학회 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.2

Evidence of the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and metabolic syndrome (MeS) remains uncertain and incongruent. This study aimed to determine the association between 25(OH)D and MeS among Jordanian adults. A complex multistage sampling technique was used to select a national population-based household sample. The present report deals exclusively with adults aged > 18 years who had complete information on all components of MeS (n = 3,234). A structured questionnaire was used to collect all relevant information. Anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory measurements were obtained. MeS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition. Of the total, 42.0% had MeS and 31.7% had 25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml. In a stratified analysis, the prevalence of MeS did not differ significantly between subjects with low and normal 25(OH)D levels for men and women in all age groups. In the multivariate analysis, the odds of MeS were not significantly different between subjects with low and normal 25(OH)D levels (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.05, P-value = 0.133). The association between 25(OH)D and MeS remained non-significant when 25(OH)D was analyzed as a continuous variable (OR = 1.004, 95% CI; 1.000, 1.008, P = 0.057) and when analyzed based on quartiles. None of the individual components of MeS were significantly associated with 25(OH)D level. This study does not provide evidence to support the association between 25(OH)D level and MeS or its individual components. Prospective studies are necessary to better determine the roles of 25(OH)D levels in the etiology of MeS.