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Keiko Sasaki,Keiji Wada,Yoshiko Tanaka,Teruki Yoshimura,Koozi Matuoka,Takahiko Anno 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.2
The effects of thyme (Thymus vulgarisL.) leaves and its phenolic compounds, thymol and carvacrol, on theactivities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, i.e., phase I enzymes such as 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) andphase II enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and quinone reductase (QR), were investigated. Mice were fed witha diet containing thyme (0.5% or 2.0%) or treated orally with thymol (50200 mg/kg) or carvacrol (50200 mg/kg) once aday for 7 successive days, and then the enzyme activities in the livers were analyzed. Dietary administration of 2% thymecaused slightly but significantly higher ECOD, GST, and QR activities by 1.11.4-fold. Thymol (200 mg/kg) treatment re-sulted in significantly higher ECOD, GST, and QR activities by 1.31.9-fold, and carvacrol (200 mg/kg) treatment causedsignificantly higher ECOD, GST, and QR activities by 1.31.7-fold. Thymol-treated animals had significantly higher proteinlevels of GST . and GST ., and carvacrol-treated animals had significantly higher levels of GST .. These results imply thatthyme contains bifunctional inducers (i.e., substances capable of inducing both phase I and phase II enzymes) and that thy-mol and carvacrol may account for the effects of thyme.
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Hajime Orimo,Masayo Sato,Shuichi Kimura,Keiko Wada,Xuelu Chen,Shigeto Yoshida,Bruce Crawford 대한골다공증학회 2017 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.3 No.4
Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors associated with initiation and adherence of osteoporosis medication from a patient perspective. Methods: A web-based survey was developed based on health behavior theories. Descriptive analyses were conducted for all survey items. Analyses in a structural equation modeling framework were conducted to identify factors associated with treatment initiation and adherence. Results: Five hundred forty-five women completed the questionnaire. A majority were currently receiving medications for osteoporosis (n ¼ 376, 69.0%) and 25.0% of these patients (n ¼ 94) were considered adherent to their treatment. Knowledge was strongly associated with osteoporosis treatment initiation (standard error [SE], 0.58). Greater knowledge of disease was associated with increased likelihood of initiating medication. Medication complexity (SE, 0.49) and perceived susceptibility to fracture and loss of independence (SE, 0.37) were also associated with initiation. Perceived barriers (SE, 0.85) such as inconvenience, lack of efficacy and financial burden were observed to be the greatest obstacle to adherence. The greater the perceived barriers, the less likely patients were to adhere to medication. Patients' perception of self-efficacy (SE, 0.37) also affected adherence. The greater the patient perception of ability to independently manage their medication, the more likely they were to adhere to the medication. Conclusions: Different factors were found to be associated with initiation and adherence of osteoporosis medication. Patient knowledge of their disease and the perception of barriers were found to be the most influential. Empowering patients with the knowledge to better understand their disease and decreasing the perception of barriers through education initiatives may be effective in improving patient outcomes. © 2017 The Korean Society of Osteoporosis. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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