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Biological Control of Phytophthora palmivora Causing Root Rot of Pomelo Using Chaetomium spp.
Hung, Phung Manh,Wattanachai, Pongnak,Kasem, Soytong,Poaim, Supatta The Korean Society of Mycology 2015 Mycobiology Vol.43 No.1
Phytophthora diseases have become a major impediment in the citrus production in Thailand. In this study, an isolate of Phytophthora denominated as PHY02 was proven to be causal pathogen of root rot of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) in Thailand. The isolate PHY02 was morphologically characterized and identified as Phytophthora palmivora based on molecular analysis of an internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence. This work also presents in vitro evaluations of the capacities of Chaetomium spp. to control the P. palmivora PHY02. As antagonists, Chaetomium globosum CG05, Chaetomium cupreum CC3003, Chaetomium lucknowense CL01 inhibited 50~61% mycelial growth, degraded mycelia and reduced 92~99% sporangial production of P. palmivora PHY02 in bi-culture test after 30 days. Fungal metabolites from Chaetomium spp. were tested against PHY02. Results showed that, methanol extract of C. globosum CG05 expressed strongest inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and sporangium formation of P. palmivora PHY02 with effective dose ED50 values of $26.5{\mu}g/mL$ and $2.3{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. It is interesting that C. lucknowense is reported for the first time as an effective antagonist against a species of Phytophthora.
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Biological Control of Phytophthora palmivora Causing Root Rot of Pomelo Using Chaetomium spp
( Phung Manh Hung ),( Pongnak Wattanachai ),( Soytong Kasem ),( Supatta Poaim ) 한국균학회 2015 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.43 No.1
Phytophthora diseases have become a major impediment in the citrus production in Thailand. In this study, an isolate of Phytophthora denominated as PHY02 was proven to be causal pathogen of root rot of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) in Thailand. The isolate PHY02 was morphologically characterized and identified as Phytophthora palmivora based on molecular analysis of an internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence. This work also presents in vitro evaluations of the capacities of Chaetomium spp. to control the P. palmivora PHY02. As antagonists, Chaetomium globosum CG05, Chaetomium cupreum CC3003, Chaetomium lucknowense CL01 inhibited 50~61% mycelial growth, degraded mycelia and reduced 92~99% sporangial production of P. palmivora PHY02 in bi-culture test after 30 days. Fungal metabolites from Chaetomium spp. were tested against PHY02. Results showed that, methanol extract of C. globosum CG05 expressed strongest inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and sporangium formation of P. palmivora PHY02 with effective dose ED50 values of 26.5 μg/mL and 2.3 μg/mL, respectively. It is interesting that C. lucknowense is reported for the first time as an effective antagonist against a species of Phytophthora.
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( Phung Manh Hung ),( Pongnak Wattanachai ),( Soytong Kasem ),( Supattra Poeaim ) 한국균학회 2015 Mycobiology Vol.43 No.3
Thailand is one of the largest citrus producers in Southeast Asia. Pathogenic infection by Phytophthora, however, has become one of major impediments to production. This study identified a pathogenic oomycete isolated from rotted roots of pomelo (Citrus maxima) in Thailand as Phytophthora nicotianae by the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Then, we examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of Chaetomium globosum, Chaetomium lucknowense, Chaetomium cupreum and their crude extracts as biological control agents in controlling this P. nicotianae strain. Represent as antagonists in biculture test, the tested Chaetomium species inhibited mycelial growth by 50~56% and parasitized the hyphae, resulting in degradation of P. nicotianae mycelia after 30 days. The crude extracts of these Chaetomium species exhibited antifungal activities against mycelial growth of P. nicotianae, with effective doses of 2.6~101.4 μg/mL. Under greenhouse conditions, application of spores and methanol extracts of these Chaetomium species to pomelo seedlings inoculated with P. nicotianae reduced root rot by 66~71% and increased plant weight by 72~85% compared to that in the control. The method of application of antagonistic spores to control the disease was simple and economical, and it may thus be applicable for large-scale, highly effective biological control of this pathogen.
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Chemical constituents from the fungus Chaetomium cupreum RY202
Natcha Panthama,Somdej Kanokmedhakul,Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul,Kasem Soytong 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.5
Two new angular types of azaphilones, isochromophilonol(1) and ochrephilonol (2), together withten known compounds (3–12), were isolated from Chaetomiumcupreum RY202. Their structures were establishedon the basis of spectroscopic data and the absolute configurationsof 1 and 3 were determined by the modifiedMosher’s method. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 showed moderatedcytotoxicity against KB and NCI-H187 cell lines (IC509.63–32.42 lg/mL).
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Cytotoxic 10-(Indol-3-yl)-[13]cytochalasans from the Fungus Chaetomium elatum ChE01
Santi Thohinung,Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul,Veerapol Kukongviriyapan,Ornanong Tusskorn,Kasem Soytong,Somdej Kanokmedhakul 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.8
Nine 10-(indol-3-yl)-[13]cytochalasans such as a new chaetoglobosin V (1); two new natural products, prochaetoglobosin III (2) and prochaetoglobosin IIIed (3); six known chaetoglobosins B-D (4-6), F (7), and G (8) and isochaetoglobosin D (9) in addition to two known sterols, 24(R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6-22-diene-3β-ol (10) and ergosterol (11), were isolated from the fungus Chaetomium elatum ChE01. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-9 showed cytotoxicity against the human breast cancer (IC50 2.54-21.29 μM) and cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (IC50 3.41-86.95 μM).
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Cytotoxic Lasiodiplodin Derivatives from the Fungus Syncephalastrum racemosum
Mongkol Buayairaksa,Somdej Kanokmedhakul,Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul,Panawan Moosophon,Kasem Soytong,Chariya Hahnvajanawong 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.12
Chemical investigation of fungal biomass of the fungus Syncephalastrum racemosum led to the isolation of new natural products (3R),(5S)-5-hydroxy-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (1), 6-oxode-O-methyllasiodiplodin (2), in addition to five known compounds, de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (3), lasiodiplodin (4), (3R),(5R)-5-hydroxy-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (5), ergosterol (6), and ergosterol peroxide (7). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by a modified Mosher’s method. Compound 1 showed cytotoxicity against cholangiocarcinoma, KKU-M139, KKU-M156, and KKU-M213 cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 14-19 μg/mL, while 3 showed cytotoxicity against KB, BC1, and NCI-H187 cell lines with IC50 values of 12.67, 9.65, and 11.07 μg/mL, respectively.
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