프로스타글란딘 E₁ 마이크로에멀젼이 함유된 액상좌제의 제조 및 평가

김정환,이사원,박경미,최한곤,김종국 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2000 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this study is to develop a transurethral liquid suppository containing prostaglandin E_(1)(PGE_(1))-loaded microemulsion, which undergoes a phase transition to gels at body temperature. The effects of oils, ethanol as solvent and HCI as pH-controlling agent on the physicochemical properties of liquid suppositories composed of poloxamer P 407. P 188 and carbopol was investigated. The stability of PGE_(1) and release of PGE_(1) from liquid suppository were evaluated. Oils such as Neobee and soybean oil significantly decreased the gelation temperature but increased the gel strength of liquid suppository due to their strongly binding with the components of liquid suppository base. However, ethanol slightly did the opposite. The pH of liquid suppositories hardly affected the gelation temperature and gel strength due to addition of very small HCI(0.005-0.01%). A liquid suppository [PGE_(1)/P 407/P 188/carbopol/Neobee/ethanol/HCI(0.4/14/14/0.4/7/2/0.005%)], which had the gelation temperature (34.2±0.6℃) and gel strength (31.35±4.37 sec) suitable for liquid sup-pository system, was easily administered and not leak out from the body. About 60% of PGE_(1) was released out within 2h from this formulation. It was shown that the release of PGE_(1) was proportional to the square root of time, indicating that PGE_(1) might be released from the suppository by Fickian diffusion. It was stable at 4℃ for at least 2months. The results suggest that transurethral liquid suppository containing prostaglandin E_(1)-loaded microemulsion is thought to be a con-venient, safe and effective dosage form for PGE_(1). However, it should be further developed as a more convenient and stable dosage form for PGE_(1).

아날로그 방식을 이용한 광케이블의 선로유지 보수를 위한 광전화기 설계 및 제작에 관한 연구

김충관,최현용,소성진,김영곤,김종빈 조선대학교 전자정보통신연구소 2000 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.3 No.1

본 논문에서는 fiber optical field test 에서의 통신과 파이버설치, 시험, 유지/보수 및 손실측정에 사용되는 광전화기를 설계 하고자 한다. 본 장비는 음성을 광신호로 변조하여 파이버로 내보내어 설치자/시험자/수리자 등이 상대방과 통신할 수 있도록 한다. 이번에 설계한 광전화기는 FM 변/복조 방식을 이용한 아날로그 양방향 광전화기로써, 마이크로폰을 통해 입력되는 음성신호를 광신호로 변환하고 이를 다시 FM변조한 후 신호를 파이버로 전송한다. 그리고 Photo Diode를 통해 수신된 광신호는 FM 복조기를 통해 아날로그 신호로 복조한 후 적절한 이득으로 취하여 스피커로 전송되고 전송된 신호는 스피커를 통해 사람이 들을 수 있는 소리로 바뀌게 된다. 단일 파이버(Single Optical Fiber)를 통한 쌍방향 동시 통화는 13㎛의 LED를 사용하여 FM 변조 방식을 채용하므로 가능하였다. In this paper, The Optical Talk Set is an design for communication in fiber optical field test and other applications(fiber installation, examination, maintenance/restoration and fiber identification) It launches voice modulated optical signal into fiber and makes the installer/examiner/restorer etc Designed optical talk set is analog full duplex and provides FM for data(de)modulation. The device sends an optical signal which is FM modulated by the voice signal from the microphone And then received form the Photo Diode optical signal is amplified and sent to the ear-phone Single fiber, full duplex operation is available using the FM modulation of 13 ㎛ LED optical signal

탄소섬유 프리프레그 외부 표면 적층방법에 따른 하이브리드 샤프트 진동특성

홍동표,김현식,홍용,고유곤,유청환 한국공작기계학회 2009 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.-

Studies on carbon fiber epoxy composite is being conducted broadly in industries because of its specific stiffness, specific strength and good fatigue resistance. Because carbon fiber epoxy composite has high vibration characteristics, if existing metal material is alternated by carbon fiber epoxy composite, structure will be low weight, satisfy 1st bending natural frequency and have high fatigue resistance. In this study, research on to manufacture hybrid propeller-shaft using carbon fiber epoxy composite instead of current steel propeller shaft of rear wheel drive vehicle. For this, change of 1st bending natural frequency by the number of layers of carbon fiber epoxy composite on the outer surface of aluminum shaft was observed. Compared the change of 1st bending natural frequency by FEA with computer simulation and vibration test. Through this, the amount of increase in 1st bending natural frequency of hybrid shaft by the increase in number of layers of carbon fiber epoxy composite and high vibration characteristics of hybrid shaft was acknowledged.

Predictive Mortality Index for Community-Dwelling Elderly Koreans

Kim, Nan H.,Cho, Hyun J.,Kim, Soriul,Seo, Ji H.,Lee, Hyun J.,Yu, Ji H.,Chung, Hye S.,Yoo, Hye J.,Seo, Ji A.,Kim, Sin Gon,Baik, Sei Hyun,Choi, Dong Seop,Shin, Chol,Choi, Kyung Mook Williams & Wilkins Co 2016 Medicine Vol.95 No.5

<▼1><P>Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>There are very few predictive indexes for long-term mortality among community-dwelling elderly Asian individuals, despite its importance, given the rapid and continuous increase in this population. We aimed to develop 10-year predictive mortality indexes for community-dwelling elderly Korean men and women based on routinely collected clinical data.</P><P>We used data from 2244 elderly individuals (older than 60 years of age) from the southwest Seoul Study, a prospective cohort study, for the development of a prognostic index. An independent longitudinal cohort of 679 elderly participants was selected from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study in Ansan City for validation.</P><P>During a 10-year follow-up, 393 participants (17.5%) from the development cohort died. Nine risk factors were identified and weighed in the Cox proportional regression model to create a point scoring system: age, male sex, smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin. In the development cohort, the 10-year mortality risk was 6.6%, 14.8%, 18.2%, and 38.4% among subjects with 1 to 4, 5 to 7, 8 to 9, and ≥10 points, respectively. In the validation cohort, the 10-year mortality risk was 5.2%, 12.0%, 16.0%, and 16.0% according to these categories. The C-statistic for the point system was 0.73 and 0.67 in the development and validation cohorts, respectively.</P><P>The present study provides valuable information for prognosis among elderly Koreans and may guide individualized approaches for appropriate care in a rapidly aging society.</P></▼2>

Biological and Antibacterial Activities of the Natural Herb <i>Houttuynia cordata</i> Water Extract against the Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen <i>Salmonella</i> within the RAW 264.7 Macrophage

Kim, Gon Sup,Kim, Dong Hyeok,Lim, Jeong Ju,Lee, Jin Ju,Han, Dae Yong,Lee, Whi Min,Jung, Won Chul,Min, Won Gi,Won, Chung Gil,Rhee, Man Hee,Lee, Hu Jang,Kim, Suk Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2008 BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN Vol.31 No.11

<P>Salmonellosis is a major bacterial zoonosis that causes a variety of disease syndromes, from self-limiting enteritis to fatal infection in animals and food-borne infection and typhoid fever in humans. Recently, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of <I>Salmonella</I> sp. has caused more serious problems in public health. The present study investigated the antibacterial effects of <I>Houttuynia cordata</I> water extract (HCWE) against murine salmonellosis. In RAW 264.7 cells, there was no detectable cytotoxic effect of HCWE at any concentration between 25 and 100 μg/ml after 8-h incubation. The antibacterial activity of HCWE was then examined in a <I>Salmonella enterica</I> serovar (<I>Salmonella typhimurium</I>), and was found to increase in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations from 25 to 100 μg/ml during 8-h incubation. HCWE also affected RAW 264.7 cells including morphologic change and bacterial uptake, but there was no significant difference in bacterial replication in RAW 264.7 cells. With HCWE alone, nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW 264.7 cells did not increase, but when RAW 264.7 cells were infected by <I>S. typhimurium</I>, with or without HCWE, NO production with HCWE was 2-fold higher than that without HCWE. Treatment with HCWE did not affect inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression by RAW 264.7 cells, but when RAW 264.7 cells with HCWE were infected by <I>S. typhimurium</I>, iNOS mRNA expression was increased during 8-h incubation. Furthermore, HCWE showed virulence reduction effects in <I>S. typhimurium</I>-infected BALB/c mice. After a lethal dose of <I>S. typhimurium</I>, the mortality rate in the HCWE untreated group was 100% at 7 d, but the HCWE 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml groups survived until 11, 17, and 23 d, respectively. These data suggest that HCWE is stable and beneficial in the treatment of bacterial infection including intracellularly replicating pathogens and may solve antimicrobial misuse and overuse.</P>

A REVIEW ON THE ODSCC OF STEAM GENERATOR TUBES IN KOREAN NPPS

Chung, Hansub,Kim, Hong-Deok,Oh, Seungjin,Boo, Myung Hwan,Na, Kyung-Hwan,Yun, Eunsup,Kang, Yong-Seok,Kim, Wang-Bae,Lee, Jae Gon,Kim, Dong-Jin,Kim, Hong Pyo Korean Nuclear Society 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.4

The ODSCC detected in the TSP position of Ulchin 3&4 SGs are typical ODSCC of Alloy 600MA tubes. The causative chemical environment is formed by concentration of impurities inside the occluded region formed by the tube surface, egg crate strips, and sludge deposit there. Most cracks are detected at or near the line contacts between the tube surface and the egg crate strips. The region of dense crack population, as defined as between $4^{th}$ and $9^{th}$ TSPs, and near the center of hot leg hemisphere plane, coincided well with the region of preferential sludge deposition as defined by thermal hydraulics calculation using SGAP computer code. The cracks developed homogeneously in a wide range of SGs, so that the number of cracks detected each outage increased very rapidly since the first detection in the $8^{th}$ refueling outage. The root cause assessment focused on investigation of the difference in microstructure and manufacturing residual stress in order to reveal the cause of different susceptibilities to ODSCC among identical six units. The manufacturing residual stress as measured by XRD on OD surface and by split tube method indicated that the high residual stress of Alloy 600MA tube played a critical role in developing ODSCC. The level of residual stress showed substantial variations among the six units depending on details of straightening and OD grinding processes. Youngwang 3&4 tubes are less susceptible to ODSCC than U3 and U4 tubes because semi-continuous coarse chromium carbides are formed along the grain boundary of Y3&4 tubes, while there are finer less continuous chromium carbides in U3 and U4. The different carbide morphology is caused by the difference in cooling rate after mill anneal. There is a possibility that high chromium content in the Y3&4 tubes, still within the allowable range of Alloy 600, has made some contribution to the improved resistance to ODSCC. It is anticipated that ODSCC in Y5&6 SGs will be retarded more considerably than U3 SGs since the manufacturing residual stress in Y5&6 tubes is substantially lower than in U3 tubes, while the microstructure is similar with each other.

Skin permeation enhancement of diclofenac by fatty acids.

Kim, Min-Jung,Doh, Hea-Jeong,Choi, Min-Koo,Chung, Suk-Jae,Shim, Chang-Koo,Kim, Dae-Duk,Kim, Jung Sun,Yong, Chul-Soon,Choi, Han-Gon Academic Press ; Taylor Francis 2008 DRUG DELIVERY Vol.15 No.6

<P>This study systematically investigated the enhancing effect of fatty acids on the skin permeation of diclofenac. The fatty acids were evaluated in terms of their carbon-chain length, the degree of unsaturation, and their functional groups. The rat-skin permeation rates of diclofenac, saturated in propylene glycol (PG) containing 1% (w/v) fatty acid, were determined using the Keshary-Chien diffusion cells at 37 degrees C. The effect of fatty acids on the saturated solubility of diclofenac in PG was also determined at 37 degrees C using high-performance liquid chromatography. Among the saturated fatty acids tested, palmitic acid (C16:0) showed the most potent skin permeation-enhancing effect. A parabolic correlation was observed between the enhancement effect and the fatty acid carbon-chain length among these saturated fatty acids of C12-C20 units. For the monounsaturated fatty acid series, an increase in permeation was observed as the carbon-chain length increased, and oleic acid (C18:1) showed the highest permeation-enhancing effect. Increasing the number of double bonds in the octadecanoic acids resulted in a parabolic effect in the permeation of diclofenac, revealing oleic acid as the most effective enhancer used in this study. When the carboxylic acid moiety of oleic acid was changed to an amide (oleamide) or hydroxyl (oleyl alcohol) group, a decrease in permeation activity was observed. These results, therefore, suggest that the cis-monounsaturated configuration and the carboxylic acid moiety of an 18-carbon unit fatty acid in PG are the optimum requirements for the effective skin permeation of diclofenac.</P>

Clinical assessment and management of auricular arteriovenous malformation: retrospective study

Kim, Do Gon,Cho, Hyun Geun,Ryu, Jeong Yeop,Lee, Joon Seok,Lee, Seok Jong,Lee, Jong Min,Lee, Sang Yub,Huh, Seung,Kim, Ji Yoon,Chung, Ho Yun Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association 2021 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.22 No.3

Background: Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) which is a high-blood-flow lesion with connections between arteries and veins without an intervening capillary bed, is difficult to manage. The ear is the second most common site of extracranial AVM. However, studies regarding the management of this condition remain lacking. The purpose of this study was to share managing experiences in our center and to investigate the treatment effect through a retrospective analysis of cases. Methods: Among 265 patients with AVM treated in our vascular anomalies center between January 2008 and January 2021, 10 patients with auricular AVM were included in the study to investigate the lesion distribution, clinical stage, and treatment methods by performing a retrospective evaluation. Results: Among 10 patients, five patients had AVMs distributed in the upper half of the ear, one patient in the lower half of the ear, and four patients in whole ear, respectively. Seven patients had Schobinger stage II, and three had stage III. One patient received surgical treatment only, four patients received sclerotherapy only, and five patients received both surgical treatment and sclerotherapy. The posttreatment status was checked as controlled in two patients, improved in seven patients, persistent in one patient. There were no worsening patients. Conclusion: Auricular AVM is a disease that is difficult to manage by one specific department, thus requiring a collaborative management effort from multidisciplinary team.

Breast reconstruction statistics in Korea from the Big Data Hub of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service

Kim, Jae-Won,Lee, Jun-Ho,Kim, Tae-Gon,Kim, Yong-Ha,Chung, Kyu Jin Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2018 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.45 No.5

Background Previously, surveys have been used to investigate breast reconstruction statistics. Since 2015, breast reconstruction surgery after mastectomy has been covered by the National Health Insurance Service in Korea, and data from breast reconstruction patients are now available from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). We investigated statistics in breast reconstruction in Korea through statistics provided by the HIRA Big Data Hub. Methods We investigated the number of cases in mastectomy and breast reconstruction methods from April 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Data were furnished by the HIRA Big Data Hub and accessed remotely online. Results were tabulated using SAS Enterprise version 6.1. Results The 31,155 mastectomy cases included 7,088 breast reconstruction cases. Implant-based methods were used in 4,702 cases, and autologous methods in 2,386. The implant-based reconstructions included 1,896 direct-to-implant and 2,806 tissue-expander (2-stage) breast reconstructions. The 2-stage tissue-expander reconstructions included 1,624 expander insertions (first stage) and 1,182 expander-to-permanent-implant exchanges (second stage). Of the autologous breast reconstructions, 705 involved latissimus dorsi muscle flaps, 498 involved pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flaps, and 1,183 involved free-tissue transfer TRAM flaps, including deep inferior epigastric perforator free-tissue transfer flaps. There were 1,707 nipple-areolar complex reconstructions, including 1,565 nipple reconstructions and 142 areola reconstructions. The 1-year mean number of breast reconstructions was 4,050. Conclusions This was the first attempt to evaluate the total number of breast reconstruction procedures using accurate, comprehensive data, and our findings may prove valuable as a foundation for future statistical studies of breast reconstruction procedures in Korea.

Protective Effect of the Ethanol Extract of the Roots of Brassica rapa on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in LLC-PK_(1) Cells and Rats

KIM, Yang-Hee,KIM, Yong-Won,OH, Young-Jun,BACK, Nam-In,CHUNG, Sun-A,CHUNG, Hae-Gon,JEONG, Tae-Sook,CHOI, Myung-Sook,LEE, Kyung-Tae 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2006 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2006 No.-

A study was conducted to determine whether the ethanol extract of the roots of Brassica rapa (EBR) ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in terms of oxidative stress, as characterized by lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and glutathione (GSH) depletion in LLC-PK_(1) cells. Pretreatment of cells with EBR prevented cisplatin-induced decreases in cell viability and cellular GSH content. The effect of EBR was then investigated in rats given EBR for 14 d before cisplatin administration. A single dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg, i.p.) caused kidney damage manifested by an elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and urine lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Also, renal tissue from cisplatin-treated rats showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and in the activities of aldehyde oxidase (AO) and xanthine oxidase (XO). Moreover, a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was observed in cisplatin-treated rats versus saline-treated normal group. In contrast, rats given EBR showed lower blood levels of BUN and creatinine, and of urinary LDH. Moreover, EBR prevented the rise of MDA production and the induction of AO and XO activities. This extract also recovered the reduced activities of GPx, SOD and CAT. Taken together, our data indicate that the ethanol extract of the roots of Brassica rapa (EBR) has a protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity because it attenuates oxidative stress.