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OFEX Controller to Improve Queueing and User Performance in Multi-bottleneck Networks
Jungang Liu,Oliver W.W. Yang 한국전자통신연구원 2014 ETRI Journal Vol.36 No.3
We have designed and investigated a new congestioncontrol scheme, called optimal and fully explicit (OFEX)controller. Different from existing relatively explicitcontrollers, this new scheme can provide not only optimalbandwidth allocation but also a fully explicit congestionsignal to sources. It uses the congestion signal from themost congested link instead of the cumulative signal fromthe flow path. In this way, it overcomes the drawback ofrelatively explicit controllers exhibiting bias toward multibottleneckedusers and significantly improves theirconvergence speed and source throughput performance. Furthermore, our OFEX-controller design considers adynamic model by proposing a remedial measure againstthe unpredictable bandwidth changes in contention-basedmulti-access networks. Compared with formerworks/controllers, this remedy also effectively reduces theinstantaneous queue size in a router and thus significantlyimproves queuing delay and packet loss performance. Wehave evaluated the effectiveness of the OFEX controller inOPNET. The experimental comparison with the existingrelatively explicit controllers verifies the superiority of ournew scheme.
Pharmacokinetics of Carbamazepine Polymorphs and Dihydrate in Rats, Related to Dogs and Humans
Caihong Xu,Gang Cheng,Meijuan Zou,Yi Liu,Jungang Ren,Ye Tian,Jing Yan,Yiping Wang 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.11
Species differences in the oral pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability (F_abs) of carbamazepine polymorphs (form I and form III) and dihydrate were studied. The pharmacokinetics of each form was investigated in rats following a single oral/intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg and an oral dose of 80 mg/kg, which were compared with the published data obtained from dogs and humans. No significant differences were found in their C_max, T_max, AUC_(0-∞) and F_abs among the forms at the low dose. However, significant differences were observed at the high dose. The F_abs of each form was markedly reduced with increasing of doses in species (e.g. F_abs in rats ranged from > 82% to 38.4% - 56.0%). At a comparable dose, the C_max, and AUC_(0-∞)of rats and humans were about 3-10 times higher than in dogs. The absorption rate of form III in rats exhibited a similar trend to that in humans, and was far higher in dogs. A multi-peak phenomenon in plasma curves was observed in rats and humans, but not in dogs. In conclusion, rats appear to be a better predictor of carbamazepine polymorphs absorbed in humans,and form III may be more suitable as a pharmaceutical crystal.
Xu, Pengcheng,Li, Xinxin,Yu, Haitao,Liu, Min,Li, Jungang IOP 2010 JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING - Vol.20 No.11
<P>This paper reports MWCNT (multi-wall carbon nano-tube)-modified resonant micro-cantilever chemical sensors for detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) vapor. The MWCNTs are pre-modified and then area-selectively self-assembled at the free-end gold pad of a micro-cantilever, in which a resonance-exciting heater and a signal-readout piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge are integrated. Featuring a high specific surface area, the MWCNTs are further functionalized with TNT-sensitive groups by grafting onto the sidewalls of the MWCNTs. To lower the non-specific absorption of water and other small organic molecules, the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface of the micro-cantilever was also pre-treated for hydrophobicity and oleophobicity by self-assembling a monolayer of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane. The results of our sensing experiments have shown a capability to rapidly detect ppb-level TNT vapor, and a high specificity of the functionalized groups to TNT molecules. The experiment has also confirmed a good long-term stability in detecting sensitivity.</P>