Knowledge Spillover Effects on Agglomerations of Environment-related Industries

Jun Yamashita 세계과학도시연합 2014 World Technopolis Review Vol.3 No.3

The number of environment-related technologies has increased remarkably over the past two decades, as has the public’s interest in effective resource use and ways to reduce the effects of global warming. Industries that are based on environment-related technologies are thus growing rapidly. Previous studies revealed that externalities derived from the population concentration in urban areas positively affect agglomerations of high-tech industries. Such externalities have been named the “knowledge spillover effect.” The purposes of the present paper are to (1) give a thumbnail sketch of the locations of environment-related industries around the world, using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development environment-related patent statistics, and (2) explicate the effects of the Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR) and Jacobs externalities, which result from population concentrations in urban areas, on the agglomeration of environment-related industries in Sweden. The analysis revealed that environment-related industries are located chiefly in urban areas across the globe, and that only the MAR externalities influenced positively on the agglomeration of these industries in Sweden.

Japanese Experiences of Smart City Policies: User-Driven Innovation in Smart Community Projects

Yamashita, Jun World Technopolis Association 2018 World Technopolis Review Vol.7 No.2

Since the term smart city was coined, theories and practices of smart cities have flourished. Regarding the theoretical aspect, user-driven innovation has been discussed in studies on the innovation ecosystems of smart cities. Smart cities have been built in various countries around the world in recent years, including in Japan, which has experienced the same global trends in smart cities since 2010. Four smart community projects run by the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy between 2010 and 2014 followed such trends. The present study addressed user-driven innovation using the quadruple helix model as an analytical framework for the four smart community projects, and the outcomes of the projects were evaluated. In conclusion, the smart community projects were evaluated as successful. However, it was revealed that these projects were not completely conducive to user-driven innovation.

Outcomes and Impacts of Smart City Policies in Japan

Yamashita, Jun World Technopolis Association 2019 World Technopolis Review Vol.8 No.2

The first generation of Japan's smart city policies began around 2010. However, the latest trends in smart city policies and the impacts of the first generation on the latter one were not fully covered in either official documents or academic literature. In such circumstances, the purposes of this study were firstly to identify outcomes derived from the smart city projects in the first generation, and then, to reveal the present situation of the latest smart city policies, including the influence of the first generation on these state of the art policies. The present study was also intended to evaluate the validity of a conceptual framework presented by Fernandez-Anez et al. (2018) for smart city policies. As a result, it was revealed that (1) policy outputs and outcomes derived from the smart city policies in the first generation were highly regarded, (2) the conceptual framework of smart city policies was evaluated as valid, and (3) the second generation of smart city policies after Society 5.0 was characterized by the establishment of smart city platforms.

Development of an Unmanned , Electromechanically-Controlled Transport Vehicle For Ridge Cultivation Houses

Jun Yamashita,Kazunobu Satou,Takeshi Imoto,Mitsunori Hikita,Hideki Matsuura 대한전자공학회 1991 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1991 No.01

Knowledge Spillover Effects on Agglomerations of Environment-related Industries

Yamashita, Jun World Technopolis Association 2014 World Technopolis Review Vol.3 No.3

The number of environment-related technologies has increased remarkably over the past two decades, as has the public's interest in effective resource use and ways to reduce the effects of global warming. Industries that are based on environment-related technologies are thus growing rapidly. Previous studies revealed that externalities derived from the population concentration in urban areas positively affect agglomerations of high-tech industries. Such externalities have been named the "knowledge spillover effect". The purposes of the present paper are to (1) give a thumbnail sketch of the locations of environment-related industries around the world, using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development environment-related patent statistics, and (2) explicate the effects of the Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR) and Jacobs externalities, which result from population concentrations in urban areas, on the agglomeration of environment-related industries in Sweden. The analysis revealed that environment-related industries are located chiefly in urban areas across the globe, and that only the MAR externalities influenced positively on the agglomeration of these industries in Sweden.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN UNMANNED, ELECTROMECHANICALLY-CONTROLLED TRANSPORT VEHICLE FOR RIDGE CULTIVATION HOUSES

Jun. Yamashita,Kazunobu.Satou,Takeshi.Imoto,Mitsunori.Hikita,Hideki.Matsuura 제어로봇시스템학회 1991 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.1 No.2

Outcomes and Impacts of Smart City Policies in Japan

Jun Yamashita 세계과학도시연합 2019 World Technopolis Review Vol.8 No.2

The first generation of Japan’s smart city policies began around 2010. However, the latest trends in smart city policies and the impacts of the first generation on the latter one were not fully covered in either official documents or academic literature. In such circumstances, the purposes of this study were firstly to identify outcomes derived from the smart city projects in the first generation, and then, to reveal the present situation of the latest smart city policies, including the influence of the first generation on these state of the art policies. The present study was also intended to evaluate the validity of a conceptual framework presented by Fernandez-Anez et al. (2018) for smart city policies. As a result, it was revealed that (1) policy outputs and outcomes derived from the smart city policies in the first generation were highly regarded, (2) the conceptual framework of smart city policies was evaluated as valid, and (3) the second generation of smart city policies after Society 5.0 was characterized by the establishment of smart city platforms.

Japanese Experiences of Smart City Policies: User-Driven Innovation in Smart Community Projects

Jun Yamashita 세계과학도시연합 2018 World Technopolis Review Vol.7 No.2

Since the term smart city was coined, theories and practices of smart cities have flourished. Regarding the theoretical aspect, user-driven innovation has been discussed in studies on the innovation ecosystems of smart cities. Smart cities have been built in various countries around the world in recent years, including in Japan, which has experienced the same global trends in smart cities since 2010. Four smart community projects run by the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy between 2010 and 2014 followed such trends. The present study addressed user-driven innovation using the quadruple helix model as an analytical framework for the four smart community projects, and the outcomes of the projects were evaluated. In conclusion, the smart community projects were evaluated as successful. However, it was revealed that these projects were not completely conducive to user-driven innovation.

Report of the 3rd Japan-Korea Workshop on Acupuncture and EBM;Protocol development for the acupuncture trial on the osteoarthritis of the knee

Jang, Jun-Hyouk,Kenji, Kawakita,Hahn, Seo-Kyung,Park, Hi-Joon,Lee, Seung-Deok,Kim, Yong-Suk,Norihito, Takahashi,Toshiyuki, Shichidou,Kazunori, Itoh,Eiji, Sumiya,Eiji, Furuya,Hitoshi, Yamashita,Hiroshi The Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2006 대한침구의학회지 Vol.23 No.6

The 3rd Japan-Korea Workshop on Acupuncture and EBM was held at Kanazawa on June $16^{th}$. From Korea team, 4 papers were presented. Dr. Hahn introduced a new approach of data analysis on series of n-of-1 trials using the Bayesian statistics. It offered important information for the future n-of-1 trials. Dr. Park clearly demonstrated the significance of various sham devices proposed and stressed the importance of research questions when we choose the control intervention in RCT. Dr. Lee reported the results of survey in Korean Medical Doctors (KMD) for their point selection and techniques to the distal and local points. Dr. Kim presented the results of face to face survey on the KMD with 28 items for acupuncture treatment on the knee OA. Finally, a draft of protocol was introduced by Dr. Kim. The title was "multi-center, a randomized, single blinded, two arms, parallel-group study to compare the effectiveness and safety of 'individualized acupuncture' and 'standardized minimal acupuncture' in Korean and Japanese patients with knee osteoarthritis (Phase IV)". From Japan team, 7 speakers presented their comments and proposals on the protocol. Dr. Takahashi introduced several issues regarding n-of-1 trials and pointed out the importance of obtaining generalizability from n-of-1 trials. Dr. Shichidou pointed the importance of research design, selection of outcome measures and reduction of biases. Dr. Itoh presented the results of point selection for the knee OA based on the literature survey. Dr. Sumiya introduced several differences between KMD and Japanese acupuncturists based on the questionnaire used in KMD survey. Dr. Furuya demonstrated a result of press tack needle and its sham device on shoulder stiffness. Dr. Yamashita introduced the results of literature survey regarding adverse events occurred by acupuncture on knee OA. Dr.Tsukayama stressed the importance of responsibility of Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the conduction of clinical trials. After several issues were discussed, the need of continued meeting for final protocol development was agreed, then the workshop was closed.

Leek Yellow Stripe Virus Can Adjust for Host Adaptation by Trimming the N-Terminal Domain to Allow the P1 Protein to Function as an RNA Silencing Suppressor

Jun Sasaki,Shusuke Kawakubo,Hangil Kim,Ok-Kyung Kim,Kazuo Yamashita,Hanako Shimura,Chikara Masuta 한국식물병리학회 2022 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.38 No.4

In Japan, the P1 protein (S-type) encoded by leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) isolates detected in Honshu and southward is shorter than the P1 (N-type) of LYSV isolates from garlic grown in Hokkaido due to a large deletion in the N-terminal half. In garlic fields in Hokkaido, two types of LYSV isolate with N- and S-type P1s are sometimes found in mixed infections. In this study, we confirmed that N- and S-type P1 sequences were present in the same plant and that they belong to different evolutionary phylogenetic groups. To investigate how LYSV with S-type P1 (LYSV-S) could have invaded LYSV with N-type P1 (LYSV-N)-infected garlic, we examined wild Allium spp. plants in Hokkaido and found that LYSV was almost undetectable. On the other hand, in Honshu, LYSV-S was detected at a high frequency in Allium spp. other than garlic, suggesting that the LYSV-S can infect a wider host range of Allium spp. compared to LYSV-N. Because P1 proteins of potyviruses have been reported to promote RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) activity of HC-Pro proteins, we analyzed whether the same was true for P1 of LYSV. In onion, contrary to expectation, the P1 protein itself had RSS activity. Moreover, the RSS activity of S-type P1 was considerably stronger than that of N-type P1, suggesting that LYSV P1 may be able to enhance its RSS activity when the deletion is in the N-terminal half and that acquiring S-type P1 may have enabled LYSV to expand its host range.