문식성 교수법으로서 점진적 책임 이양 모형(GRR)의 재조명 : 직접교수법과의 차이를 중심으로

김주환 ( Kim¸ Joohwan ) 한국독서학회 2022 독서연구 Vol.- No.63

이 연구에서는 선행연구를 바탕으로 직접교수법과 점진적 책임 이양 모형의 원리를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론과 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 직접교수법이 원래의 취지와는 다르게 알려졌다. 직접교수법은 과제를 학생들이 학습 가능한 수준으로 세분화해서 제시하고 이를 학생들이 습득할 수 있도록 교사가 적절한 비계 지원을 해주는 데 초점이 있다. 그러나 제6차 교육과정에서 제시하고 있는 직접교수법은 학생이 성취해야 할 과제에 대한 분석이나 학생 활동에 대한 고려 없이 교사의 지도만을 강조하고 있다. 둘째, 점진적 책임 이양 모형이 현시적 교수법으로 잘못 알려져왔다. 제6차 교육과정시기에 직접교수법과 함께 점진적 책임 이양 모형이 언어 기능 신장을 위한 대표적인 교수법으로 소개되었으나 초기 연구자들에 의해 현시적 교수법이라는 이름으로 소개되어 직접교수법의 한 유형으로 인식되었다. 셋째, 진정한 학습이 이루어지기 위해서는 교사로부터 학생으로 학습의 책임을 점진적으로 이양하는 것이 중요하다. GRR 모델은 학습의 책임이 교사로부터 학생으로 점진적으로 이양하는 과정을 중시하기 때문에 이 모형을 활용할 경우 교사 중심의 접근 혹은 학생 중심의 접근으로 혼란한 우리나라의 문식성 교실의 여러 가지 편향을 진단하고 개선하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. This study clarifies the difference between direct instruction and the gradual release of responsibility. The study’s results are as follows. First, the direct instruction was known differently from its original purpose. The direct instruction presented in the sixth curriculum emphasizes only the teacher’s guidance, without analyzing the tasks to be accomplished by the students or considering student activities. Second, the GRR model was misunderstood as an explicit instruction. The GRR model was introduced in the sixth curriculum, but early researchers introduced it as an explicit instruction and recognized it only as direct instruction. Third, it is important to gradually release the responsibility of learning from the teacher to the student. The GRR model emphasizes the gradual release of responsibility of learning. Using this model will help improve literacy problems in Korean classes by not offering purely teacher-centered or studentꠓcentered classes.

Aspirin prevents TNF-α-induced endothelial cell dysfunction by regulating the NF-κB-dependent miR-155/eNOS pathway: Role of a miR-155/eNOS axis in preeclampsia

Kim, Joohwan,Lee, Kyu-Sun,Kim, Ji-Hee,Lee, Dong-Keon,Park, Minsik,Choi, Seunghwan,Park, Wonjin,Kim, Suji,Choi, Yoon Kyung,Hwang, Jong Yun,Choe, Jongseon,Won, Moo-Ho,Jeoung, Dooil,Lee, Hansoo,Ryoo, Sun PERGAMON PRESS 2017 FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Vol.104 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Preeclampsia is an inflammatory disease with endothelial cell dysfunction that occurs via decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (eNOS/NO) activity. Aspirin reduces the incidence of hypertensive pregnancy complications. However, the underlying mechanism has not been clearly explained. Here, we found that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, <I>microRNA (miR)−155</I>, and eNOS levels as well as endothelial redox phenotype were differentially regulated in preeclamptic patients, implying the involvement of TNF-α- and redox signal-mediated miR-155 biogenesis and eNOS downregulation in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Aspirin prevented the TNF-α-mediated increase in <I>miR-155</I> biogenesis and decreases in eNOS expression and NO/cGMP production in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Similar effects of aspirin were also observed in HUVECs treated with H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. The preventive effects of aspirin was associated with the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent <I>MIR155HG</I> (<I>miR-155</I> host gene<B>)</B> expression. Aspirin recovered the TNF-α-mediated decrease in wild-type, but not mutant, eNOS 3′-untranslated region reporter activity, whose effect was blocked by miR-155 mimic. Moreover, aspirin prevented TNF-α-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction associated with impaired vasorelaxation, angiogenesis, and trophoblast invasion, and the preventive effects were blocked by miR-155 mimic or an eNOS inhibitor. Aspirin rescued TNF-α-mediated eNOS downregulation coupled with endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting NF-κB-dependent transcriptional <I>miR-155</I> biogenesis. Thus, the redox-sensitive NF-κB/<I>miR-155</I>/eNOS axis may be crucial in the pathogenesis of vascular disorders including preeclampsia.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> TNF-α, <I>miR-155</I>, and eNOS are differentially regulated in preeclamptic patients. </LI> <LI> Aspirin prevents TNF-α-mediated <I>miR-155</I> biogenesis and eNOS downregulation. </LI> <LI> Aspirin preserves vascular function by blocking NF-kB-mediated eNOS downregulation. </LI> <LI> Thus, the NF-kB/<I>miR-155</I>/eNOS pathway is crucial for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

NF-κB–responsive miRNA-31-5p elicits endothelial dysfunction associated with preeclampsia via down-regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase

Kim, Suji,Lee, Kyu-Sun,Choi, Seunghwan,Kim, Joohwan,Lee, Dong-Keon,Park, Minsik,Park, Wonjin,Kim, Tae-Hoon,Hwang, Jong Yun,Won, Moo-Ho,Lee, Hansoo,Ryoo, Sungwoo,Ha, Kwon-Soo,Kwon, Young-Guen,Kim, Youn American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2018 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.293 No.49

<P>Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), were elevated in patients with cardiovascular diseases and are also considered as crucial factors in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia; however, the underlying pathogenic mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. This study provides novel evidence that TNFα leads to endothelial dysfunction associated with hypertension and vascular remodeling in preeclampsia through down-regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) by NF-κB–dependent biogenesis of microRNA (miR)-31-5p, which targets eNOS mRNA. In this study, we found that miR-31-5p was up-regulated in sera from patients with preeclampsia and in human endothelial cells treated with TNFα. TNFα-mediated induction of miR-31-5p was blocked by an NF-κB inhibitor and NF-κB p65 knockdown but not by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors, indicating that NF-κB is essential for biogenesis of miR-31-5p. The treatment of human endothelial cells with TNFα or miR-31-5p mimics decreased endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA stability without affecting <I>eNOS</I> promoter activity, resulting in inhibition of eNOS expression and NO/cGMP production through blocking of the functional activity of the eNOS mRNA 3′-UTR. Moreover, TNFα and miR-31-5p mimic evoked endothelial dysfunction associated with defects in angiogenesis, trophoblastic invasion, and vasorelaxation in an <I>ex vivo</I> cultured model of human placental arterial vessels, which are typical features of preeclampsia. These results suggest that NF-κB–responsive miR-31-5p elicits endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and vascular remodeling via post-transcriptional down-regulation of eNOS and is a molecular risk factor in the pathogenesis and development of preeclampsia.</P>

Perceptually Reduced Crosstalk by Modifying Binocular Images Depending on Dominant Eye

Jong-Man Kim,Seung-Ryul Kim,Minkoo Kim,Joohwan Kim,Seung-Woo Lee IEEE 2015 Journal of display technology Vol.11 No.4

<P>We propose a new method that uses ocular dominance to reduce perceived crosstalk in autostereoscopic 3D displays. When one increases the brightness of dominant eye's view while decreasing the other, the crosstalk effectively decreases for the dominant eye but increases for the other. We hypothesize that such manipulation would reduce the perceived crosstalk because the brain's visual processing relies more on the dominant eye than the other. We verify our hypothesis through a psychophysical experiment.</P>

N-Terminal Modification of the Tetrapeptide Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu, a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) Antagonist, Improves Antitumor Activity by Increasing its Stability against Serum Peptidases

Yun, Jung-A,Kim, Joohwan,Baek, Yi-Yong,Park, Wonjin,Park, Minsik,Kim, Suji,Kim, Taesam,Choi, Seunghwan,Jeoung, Dooil,Lee, Hansoo,Won, Moo-Ho,Kim, Ji-Yoon,Ha, Kwon-Soo,Kwon, Young-Guen,Kim, Young-Myeon American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental 2019 Molecular pharmacology Vol.96 No.6

<P>The tetrapeptide Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu (RLYE), a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2 antagonist, has been used previously either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs for treating colorectal cancer in a mouse model. We analyzed the half-life of the peptide and found that because of degradation by aminopeptidases B and N, it had a short half-life of 1.2 hours in the serum. Therefore, to increase the stability and potency of the peptide, we designed the modified peptide, N-terminally acetylated RLYE (Ac-RLYE), which had a strongly stabilized half-life of 8.8 hours in serum compared with the original parent peptide. The IC<SUB>50</SUB> value of Ac-RLYE for VEGF-A-induced endothelial cell migration decreased to approximately 37.1 pM from 89.1 pM for the parent peptide. Using a mouse xenograft tumor model, we demonstrated that Ac-RLYE was more potent than RLYE in inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and growth, improving vascular integrity and normalization through enhanced endothelial cell junctions and pericyte coverage of the tumor vasculature, and impeding the infiltration of macrophages into tumor and their polarization to the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, combined treatment of Ac-RLYE and irinotecan exhibited synergistic effects on M1-like macrophage activation and apoptosis and growth inhibition of tumor cells. These findings provide evidence that the N-terminal acetylation augments the therapeutic effect of RLYE in solid tumors via inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, improvement of tumor vessel integrity and normalization, and enhancement of the livery and efficacy of the coadministered chemotherapeutic drugs.</P><P><B>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</B></P><P>The results of this study demonstrate that the N-terminal acetylation of the tetrapeptide RLYE (Ac-RLYE), a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitor, significantly improves its serum stability, antiangiogenic activity, and vascular normalizing potency, resulting in enhanced therapeutic effect on solid tumors. Furthermore, the combined treatment of Ac-RLYE with the chemotherapeutic drug, irinotecan, synergistically enhanced its antitumor efficacy by improving the perfusion and delivery of the drug into the tumors and stimulating the conversion of the tumor-associated macrophages to an immunostimulatory M1-like antitumor phenotype.</P>

Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu Suppresses Retinal Endothelial Permeability and Choroidal Neovascularization by Inhibiting the VEGF Receptor 2 Signaling Pathway

( Wonjin Park ),( Yi-yong Baek ),( Joohwan Kim ),( Dong Hyun Jo ),( Seunghwan Choi ),( Jin Hyoung Kim ),( Taesam Kim ),( Suji Kim ),( Minsik Park ),( Ji Yoon Kim ),( Moo-ho Won ),( Kwon-soo Ha ),( Jeo 한국응용약물학회 2019 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.27 No.5

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in pathologic ocular neovascularization and vascular leakage via activation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic mechanisms and effects of the tetrapeptide Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu (RLYE), a VEGFR2 inhibitor, in the development of vascular permeability and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). In cultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), treatment with RLYE blocked VEGF-Ainduced phosphorylation of VEGFR2, Akt, ERK, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to suppression of VEGFA- mediated hyper-production of NO. Treatment with RLYE also inhibited VEGF-A-stimulated angiogenic processes (migration, proliferation, and tube formation) and the hyperpermeability of HRMECs, in addition to attenuating VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis and vascular permeability in mice. The anti-vascular permeability activity of RLYE was correlated with enhanced stability and positioning of the junction proteins VE-cadherin, β-catenin, claudin-5, and ZO-1, critical components of the cortical actin ring structure and retinal endothelial barrier, at the boundary between HRMECs stimulated with VEGF-A. Furthermore, intravitreally injected RLYE bound to retinal microvascular endothelium and inhibited laser-induced CNV in mice. These findings suggest that RLYE has potential as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of CNV by preventing VEGFR2-mediated vascular leakage and angiogenesis.

농촌 공공공간 및 시설의 배치특성 및 중요도 분석 - 전문가 설문 및 AHP 분석을 중심으로 -

Joohwan Suh,Jin-Oh Kim,Byeonghwa Song 전북대학교 휴양및경관계획연구소 2015 휴양및경관연구 (J East Asian Landscape Studies) Vol.9 No.4

농촌사회의 소득수준 및 생활수준 향상과 더불어 농촌 공공공간 및 시설향상에 대한 요구는 지속적으로 제기되어 왔으며 이에따라 정부도 최근 다양한 방식의 농촌개발과 예산지원을 추진해오고 있다. 그러나 이러한 농촌 공공공간 및 시설의 지원 시 시설의 종류 및 입지 선정이 적절하지 않아 시설의 중복투자, 이용부족으로 인한 시설방치 등 다양한 문제점들이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구는 농촌마을에 분포하고 있는 다양한 공공공간 및 시설의 분포를 분석하고 이들에 대한 농촌마을의 유형별 중요도를 이해하는데 그 목적이 있다. 주요 연구방법으로는 100명을 대상으로 한 전문가 설문과 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)를 이용하였으며 이를 통해 세 개의 농촌마을 유형 즉 거점면, 권역, 마을단위의 유형별로 주요 공공시설들간의 상대적 중요도를 분석하였다. 50개 마을을 분석한 결과 농촌마을에서 가장 일반적으로 발견되는 공공시설은 마을회관, 쉼터, 체험센터, 마을진입부, 안내시설로 나타났다. AHP는 세 단계의 비교로 이루어졌는데 첫 번째 마을유형별간의 쌍대비교에서는 거점면, 권역, 마을 순으로 중요도가 나타났다. 농촌 공공공간과 마을유형간의 쌍대비교에서는 모든 마을유형에서 기초생활시설, 문화 복지시설, 농촌관광시설, 소득시설의 순으로 중요도가 나타났다. 마을유형과 공공공간, 공공시설 등 각각의 가중치를 종 합한 중요도에서는 거점면의 경우 공동주차장의 중요성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고 다음으로 상수도시설, 공동화장실, 마을회관 순으로 나타났다. 권역에서는 공동주차장의 중요성이 가장 높았으며 다음으로 상수도시설, 체험센터, 마을회관 의 순으로 나타났다. 마을단위에서는 버스정류장이 가장 중요한 시설로 평가되었으며 다음으로 저수지, 하수처리장, 체 험센터의 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 비록 마을의 독특한 사회문화적 환경을 고려한 공공시설의 중요도 평가에는 한계를 안고 있으나 농촌마을에서의 공공시설 계획 시 마을유형의 특성을 고려한 시설의 상대적 중요도를 이해하고 이를 바탕으 로 적절한 시설을 선정하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다 Over the last decade, national and local governments have spent considerable funds planning and constructing public facilities in rural villages to meet local demand. However, concerns have been raised over inappropriate facilities and building these so close to each other that their functions overlap. This study aims to understand the distribution characteristics and relative importance of public facilities in rural villages. We conducted a survey of 100 experts and analyzed the results using the analytic hierarchy process to determine the relative importance of public facilities. We classified villages into three types: rural downtown, rural clustered, and Single - unit village. Our results indicated that the most abundant facilities were community centers, pocket parks, rural activity centers, village gates, and rural information signs. In downtown villages, public parking lots were assigned the highest importance by the experts, followed by water supply facilities, public restrooms, and community centers. This implies that downtown villages require public spaces and facilities associated with visitor access and convenience, as well as basic living infrastructure. In clustered villages, public parking lots were rated highest, followed by sewage treatment plants, activity centers, and community centers. This indicates that, like downtown villages, public parking lots were considered the most important in clustered villages. This is because government - led rural developments are focused primarily on promoting tourism and economic activities. In single - unit villages, bus stops were rated the highest, followed by reservoirs, sewage treatment plants, and activity centers. Single - unit villages in general have relatively poor access to public transit and our analysis confirmed that bus stops are relatively more important than other facilities in these villages. We believe that this study can provide a logical ground through which the relative importance of different kinds of public facilities can be understood and subsequently selected during the process of rural planning and development.

Re-irradiation of recurrent esophageal cancer after primary definitive radiotherapy

Kim, Young Suk,Lee, Chang Geol,Kim, Kyung Hwan,Kim, Taehyung,Lee, Joohwan,Cho, Yona,Koom, Woong Sub The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2012 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.30 No.4

Purpose: For recurrent esophageal cancer after primary definitive radiotherapy, no general treatment guidelines are available. We evaluated the toxicities and clinical outcomes of re-irradiation (re-RT) for recurrent esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 10 patients with recurrent esophageal cancer treated with re-RT after primary definitive radiotherapy. The median time interval between primary radiotherapy and re-RT was 15.6 months (range, 4.8 to 36.4 months). The total dose of primary radiotherapy was a median of 50.4 Gy (range, 50.4 to 63.0 Gy). The total dose of re-RT was a median of 46.5 Gy (range, 44.0 to 50.4 Gy). Results: The median follow-up period was 4.9 months (range, 2.6 to 11.4 months). The tumor response at 3 months after the end of re-RT was complete response (n = 2), partial response (n = 1), stable disease (n = 2), and progressive disease (n = 5). Grade 5 tracheoesophageal fistula developed in three patients. The time interval between primary radiotherapy and re-RT was less than 12 months in two of these three patients. Late toxicities included grade 1 dysphagia (n = 1). Conclusion: Re-RT of recurrent esophageal cancer after primary radiotherapy can cause severe toxicity.

Color moiré pattern simulation and analysis in three-dimensional integral imaging for finding the moiré-reduced tilted angle of a lens array

Kim, Yunhee,Park, Gilbae,Jung, Jae-Hyun,Kim, Joohwan,Lee, Byoungho The Optical Society 2009 Applied optics Vol.48 No.11

<P>We propose a color moiré pattern simulation and analysis method in integral imaging for finding the moiré-reducing tilted angle of a lens array. According to the tilted angle, the color moiré patterns are simulated on the assumption of ray optics. The spatial frequencies of the color moiré patterns are numerically analyzed using a spatial Fourier transform for finding the optimal angle where the moiré is reduced. With the proposed technique the visualization of the color moiré pattern and its analysis are enabled. The moiré-reduced three-dimensional images can be displayed. The principle of the proposed method, simulation results, and their analysis are provided. Experimental results verify the validity of the proposed method.</P>

Depth-enhanced three-dimensional integral imaging by use of multilayered display devices

Kim, Yunhee,Park, Jae-Hyeung,Choi, Heejin,Kim, Joohwan,Cho, Seong-Woo,Lee, Byoungho The Optical Society 2006 Applied Optics Vol.45 No.18

<P>Integral imaging is one of the promising three-dimensional display techniques and has many advantages. However, one disadvantage of integral imaging is the limited image depth. The image can be displayed only around the central depth plane. We propose a depth-enhanced integral imaging using multilayered display devices. We locate transparent display devices that use liquid crystal in parallel to each other and incorporate them into an integral imaging system. As a result, the proposed method has multiple central depth planes and permits the limitation of expressible depth to be overcome. The principle of the proposed method is explained, and some experimental results are presented.</P>