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SANAA의 다이어그램을 통한 프로세스의 특성에 관한 연구
임주현(Lim Ju-Hyoun),유명희(Yoo Myoung-Hee) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.31 No.2(계획계)
In the contemporary architecture, a diagram is importantly used as a tool of speculation and self-generation beyond expression and strategy. And, it contains different characteristics by architect as a way of architectural design process based on his own architectural methodology. So, it means that the type of strategy, characteristics and significance of a diagram he uses are different. The purpose of this study is to see the characteristics of the process by analyzing a specific character and usage of the diagram he adopts. Among many contemporary architects using the diagram, SANAA uses a plane and single-lined and thus simple diagram and actually applies it to the real works consistently because it thinks the relationship between the space and the program important. In conclusion, analyzing SANAA’s diagram on a relational dimension allows us to know that it has the characteristics of the process that aims for the relational formation of infinite expansion and the extension of cognitive boundary.
Heavy metal contents in lichen, Usnea aurantiacoatra of King George Island, West Antarctica
Ju Sik Cho(조주식),Hyoun Soo Lim(임현수),Dong-Cheol Seo(서동철),Ji Hee Kim(김지희),Jae Il Lee(이재일),Yang Ju Park(박양주),Jae Seoun Hur(허재선),Yong Hwa Cheong(정용화),Jong Soo Heo(허종수) 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2008 No.5
Lim, Hyoun-Soo,Han, Myung-Ja,Seo, Dong-Cheol,Kim, Ji-Hee,Lee, Jae-Il,Park, Hyun,Hur, Jae-Seoun,Cheong, Yong-Hwa,Heo, Jong-Soo,Yoon, Ho-Il,Cho, Ju-Sik The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2009 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.52 No.5
The accumulation of selected heavy metals in the fruticose lichen Usnea aurantiacoatra is reported in the vicinity of the Korean research station on Barton Peninsula, King George Island, West Antarctica. To assess the impact of human activities in the study area, all samples were divided into five groups according to distance from the research station. The corresponding heavy metal levels in samples near the station were relatively higher than those collected far from the station. In particular, a very high level of Pb near the station strongly suggests the anthropogenic release of this pollutant. The relationship between trace metal content and age of the lichen was investigated, but no significant difference was found. When evaluating the vertical distribution of heavy metals in lichen thalli, most elements, particularly Pb, accumulated preferentially in the upper parts, probably due to the morphology of U. aurantiacoatra. Therefore, the vertical distribution of heavy metals in fruticose lichens should be considered to enhance data quality in biomonitoring studies.
Lim, Hyoun-Sub,Jang, Chan-Yong,Nam, Ji-Ryun,Li, Meijia,Hong, Jin-Sung,Bae, Han-Hong,Ju, Ho-Jong,Kim, Hong-Gi,Ford, Richard E.,Domier, Leslie L. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.2
Potyviruses express their RNA genomes through the production of polyproteins that are processed in host cells by three virus-encoded proteases. Soybean plants produce large amounts of protease inhibitors during seed development and in response to wounding that could affect the activities of these proteases. The in vitro activities of two of the proteases of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and Tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) were compared in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate in vitro translation system using synthetic RNA transcripts. Transcripts produced from SMV and TVMV cDNAs that included the P1 and helper component-protease (HC-Pro) coding regions directed synthesis of protein products that were only partially processed. Unprocessed poly-proteins were not detected from transcripts that included all of the P1, HC-Pro, P3 and portions of the cylindrical inclusion protein coding regions of either virus. Addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor to in vitro translation reactions increased the accumulation of the unprocessed polyprotein from TVMV transcripts, but did not alter the patterns of proteins produced from SMV. These experiments suggest that SMV-and TVMV-encoded proteases are differentially sensitive to protease inhibitors.
Lim, Hyoun-Sub,Jang, Chan-Yong,Bae, Han-Hong,Kim, Joon-Ki,Lee, Cheol-Ho,Hong, Jin-Sung,Ju, Ho-Jong,Kim, Hong-Gi,Domier, Leslie L. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2011 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.27 No.4
Soybean plants infected with Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) develop acute symptoms that usually decrease in severity over time. In other plant-virus interactions, this type of symptom recovery has been associated with degradation of viral RNAs by RNA silencing, which is accompanied by the accumulation of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In this study, changes in the accumulation of BPMV siRNAs were investigated in soybean plants infected with BPMV alone, or infected with both BPMV and Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and in transgenic soybean plants expressing SMV helper component-protease (HC-Pro). In many potyviruses, HC-Pro is a potent suppressor of RNA silencing. In plants infected with BPMV alone, accumulation of siRNAs was positively correlated with symptom severity and accumulation of BPMV genomic RNAs. Plants infected with both BPMV and SMV and BPMV-infected transgenic soybean plants expressing SMV HC-Pro exhibited severe symptoms characteristic of BPMVSMV synergism, and showed enhanced accumulation of BPMV RNAs and siRNAs compared to plants infected with BPMV alone and nontransgenic plants. Likewise, SMV HC-Pro enhanced the accumulation of siRNAs produced from a silenced green fluorescent protein gene in transient expression assays, while the P19 silencing suppressor of Tomato bushy stunt virus did not. Consistent with the modes of action of HC-Pro in other systems, which have shown that HC-Pro suppresses RNA silencing by preventing the unwinding of duplex siRNAs and inhibiting siRNA methylation, these studies showed that SMV HC-Pro interfered with the activities of RNA-induced silencing complexes, but not the activities of Dicer-like enzymes in antiviral defenses.
Lim, Hyoun-Sub,Lee, Mi Yeon,Moon, Jae Sun,Moon, Jung-Kyung,Yu, Yong-Man,Cho, In Sook,Bae, Hanhong,DeBoer, Matt,Ju, Hojong,Hammond, John,Jackson, Andrew O. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2013 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.29 No.1
Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) induces massive actin filament thickening at the infection front of infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. To determine the mechanisms leading to actin remodeling, fluorescent protein fusions of the BSMV triple gene block (TGB) proteins were coexpressed in cells with the actin marker DsRed: Talin. TGB ectopic expression experiments revealed that TGB3 is a major elicitor of filament thickening, that TGB2 resulted in formation of intermediate DsRed:Talin filaments, and that TGB1 alone had no obvious effects on actin filament structure. Latrunculin B (LatB) treat-ments retarded BSMV cell-to-cell movement, disrupted actin filament organization, and dramatically decreased the proportion of paired TGB3 foci appearing at the cell wall (CW). BSMV infection of transgenic plants tagged with GFP-KDEL exhibited membrane proliferation and vesicle formation that were especially evident around the nucleus. Similar membrane proliferation occurred in plants expressing TGB2 and/or TGB3, and DsRed: Talin fluorescence in these plants colocalized with the ER vesicles. TGB3 also associated with the Golgi apparatus and overlapped with cortical vesicles appearing at the cell periphery. Brefeldin A treatments disrupted Golgi and also altered vesicles at the CW, but failed to interfere with TGB CW localization. Our results indicate that actin cytoskeleton interactions are important in BSMV cell-to-cell movement and for CW localization of TGB3.