Literature Survey on the Emotion Recognition Technologies based on Physiological Signals and Facial Expressions

Hyeji Jang,Sung H. Han,Joohwan Park,Mingyu Lee,Dong Yeong Jeong 대한인간공학회 2015 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

This study aims to review the recent research trend and the current state of the emotion recognition technologies. Nowadays, the road rage became one of the most important social issues. As the cause of road rage is the anger of a driver, it is necessary to detect the driver’s anger and provide adequate feedbacks to prevent severe damages that could be caused by the road rage. For the sake of the reason, many researchers attempted to develop emotion recognition technologies to detect anger of the drivers based on several signals such as physiological signals and facial expressions. Literature survey was conducted to collect and analyze the academic literatures that containing information about the emotion recognition technologies. Collected emotion recognition technologies were analyzed from several perspectives such as the type of the sensors, signals, recognized emotions, and emotion classification algorithms. Most of the researchers preferred to classify emotions into several discrete groups. However, several studies tried to propose technologies to estimate driver’s emotional state on the continuous mood space. The most frequently used physiological signals to recognize the drivers’ emotion were heart rate and Galvanic skin responses. Visible light camera and infrared camera were used for facial expression recognition. The result of the study could be useful for the researchers who want to understanding the current state of the art of the emotion recognition technologies.

Identifying Factors Affecting the User Satisfaction of a Lane Keeping Assistance System

Hyeji Jang,Jiyoung Kwahk,Sung H. Han 대한인간공학회 2017 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

The aim of this study is to identify and understand the factors affecting user satisfaction of a Lane Keeping Assistance System (LKAS). LKAS, which is a type of an Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS), helps drivers to keep the lane by engaging in the control of the steering wheel. When developing LKAS, the designers evaluate LKAS through objective measures relevant to the lane keeping performance, rather than driver’s subjective satisfaction. This approach cannot completely reflect the user satisfaction of LKAS. It is necessary to analyze and identify the factors affecting the user satisfaction of LKAS from the drivers’ viewpoint. In this study, the factors that may affect the user satisfaction of LKAS are extracted by surveying drivers who have LKAS experience. Based on the experience, participants rated and added comments for each factor extracted from the previous studies. The factors that significantly influence the user satisfaction of LKAS are found by a statistical analysis and discussed along with collected comments. The results imply that trust, non-intrusiveness, and confidence are the significant factors for the user satisfaction. The results of this study can provide useful insights when designing and improving LKAS.

Why Drivers Use or Do Not Use Adaptive Cruise Control?

Hyeji Jang,Sung H. Han 대한인간공학회 2018 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

An advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) refers to a system that helps or replaces a driver"s driving task. Along with the rapid growth of the smart car market, ADAS has been actively developed to reduce driver"s workload and improve driving performance. Adaptive cruise control (ACC) that is one of the most widely used systems belongs to one of ADAS. It directly controls a vehicle to keep the longitudinal distance. Despite the increasing number of vehicles equipped with ACC, some drivers are still reluctant to use it. ACC designers need to understand why drivers are using or not using ACC so that they can and improve it. One of the available techniques to understand the drivers’ behaviors is an opinion survey. The purpose of this study is to investigate what factors influence on the use or disuse of ACC. A survey was conducted through the internet community. ACC users freely explain why they use or disuse ACC. Collected responses were classified through open card sorting. Five positive factors and five negative factors relevant to the ACC use were derived. The results of this study can be used when designing or improving ACC.

Suggesting Criteria for Subjective Evaluation of LKAS and Vehicle Data to Reflect Subjective Evaluation

Hyeji Jang,Sung H. Han,Kyudong Park 대한인간공학회 2016 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

The aim of this study is to develop criteria for subjective performance evaluation of a lane keeping assistance system (LKAS) and suggest the type of vehicle data to reflect the subjective performance evaluation. LKAS is a driver assistance system (DAS). Recently, the development of DAS has been actively conducted for drivers’ safety and efficiency of traffic. DAS can help drivers when it is improved properly based on objective and subjective evaluation. However, the studies related to evaluation of DAS are not sufficient. A literature review was conducted to investigate existing LKAS evaluation methods. In addition, the criteria for subjective performance evaluation were suggested based on the result of literature review about DAS evaluation. The candidates of vehicle data to reflect the subjective performance evaluation were suggested. It is difficult to find studies about the performance evaluation of both LKAS and DAS. More precise and effective evaluation will be possible when the further study is conducted. The results of this study can be applied to evaluate LKAS and DAS.

Facebook 내 컨텐츠 관련 기능에 대한 사용자 가치 요소 도출 및 정량적 평가

Hyeji Jang,Sung H. Han,Soonmo Kwon 대한인간공학회 2016 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.06

Objective: The aim of this study is to identifying components of user value (UV) obtained from content-related functions in Facebook. Background: Because UV affects user’s intention to use, many studies are interested in classifying detailed components of UV. UV can also affect user experience (UX). This study was motivated by the change of user’s behaviors towards social media due to the emergence of Web 2.0.With the change of concept of content, users might get different UV. Method: This study focused on content-related functions provided by Facebook, the most widely used social media. A literature survey was performed to list life value components. Daily Reconstruction Method (DRM) was used to collect detailed components of UV in daily uses. Collected data were filtered and matched with life value list. Results: A total of 21 life value components were selected as UV components of content-related function of Facebook. Conclusion: The main attribution of this study is listing UV of Facebook. In addition, this study suggests method to identify UV components of social media. Application: The results would be helpful for service providers to design user-centered services by choosing target UV components and improving services according to them. Suggested method to identify components of UV can be applied to other social media area.

Investigating Research Trend of User Experience Based on a Literature Survey

Hyeji Jang,Sung H. Han,Jiyoung Kwahk,Dong Yeong Jeong,Joohwan Park,Mingyu Lee,Kyudong Park,Ju Hwan Kim,Dawoon Jeong 대한인간공학회 2017 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.4

The aim of this study is to investigate research trend of user experience (UX) and find limitations of current researches. UX have obtained attention as one of the important trend in various fields. With the advent of the 4th industrial revolution, use behavior of product and service is changed. Although there is needs to consider and research this change in academia, it is not that mature yet. In order to systematically understand the research trend and find limitations of current researches, we collected literature published after 2000 from various fields. Total 347 literatures are collected. Collected literatures were analyzed from several perspectives such as definition of UX and research type. Based on the result, three limitations are drawn. There are two issues, target of interaction and scope of interaction, related to the definition of UX. UX researches have been conducted for several purposes such as UX occurrence principle and evaluation criteria. However, there are still some limitations of current researches. Among them, three limitations we suggest are in the following: First, it is limited to one-to-one relationship between user and product/service. Second, most researches are focused only on the direct interaction with product or service. Third, evaluation of UX mainly depends on the subjective criteria. The result of this study is expected to be helpful when researchers decide direction of future UX research.

보행 약자의 보행 경험을 기반으로 하는 보행 지원 도구 아이디어 개발 방법

장혜지(Hyeji Jang),한성호(Sung H. Han),정동영(Dong Yeong Jeong),김주환(Ju Hwan Kim) 대한인간공학회 2018 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

Walking has many positive effects on daily life. Various products, services, and policies are being proposed to support mobility-challenged as the population of mobility-challenged increases. However, most of the existing solutions only aim to improve walkability. In addition, it is difficult for designers to understand the experience of mobility-challenged. The purpose of this study is to develop a service idea to improve overall walking experience of the visually, aurally and physically challenged based on their inconveniences during walking. The process of this study consists of three stages: experience collection, idea generation, and idea concretization. Focus group interview was used to collect and understand the experience of mobility-challenged, and morphological analysis was used to supplement the experience. Ideas for improving walking experience were derived using the methods such as why-why diagram and SCAMPER. Details of the derived ideas are developed using service description. In each process, the validity of the results was enhanced by the evaluations of target users and expert. A total of 21 walking support service ideas was derived. These ideas could develop into an assistive device for enhancing the walking experience of mobility-challenged. The results of this study suggest the importance of close cooperation between target users and experts. The proposed idea development process is applicable to the process of deriving a service idea for minorities.

블록체인 기술에 대한 이해도가 암호 화폐 지갑의 신뢰에 미치는 영향

장혜지(Hyeji Jang),한성호(Sung H. Han) 한국HCI학회 2022 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.2

블록체인은 무신뢰 기술이라 불리며, 최근의 신뢰연구 흐름에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 그러나, 블록체인의 활용이 언제나 사용자들에게 무신뢰를 보장하지는 않는다. 블록체인의 신뢰에 대한 많은 사용자 중심의 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 여전히 이해가 필요한 부분이 남아있다. 특히, 자동화 기술과 같은 혁신적인 기술이 도입되었던 과거의 예시들은 기술에 대한 사용자의 이해도가 신뢰 형성에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 밝혔다. 본 연구는 암호화폐 지갑을 예시로 블록체인 기술에 대한 이해가 신뢰에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 블록체인에 대한 이해도를 기반으로 두 그룹으로 나누어진 32 명의 참가자가 8 개의 암호화폐 지갑의 신뢰와 관련된 상황을 이해하고 신뢰 관련 요인과 전반적인 신뢰에 대하여 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 기술에 대한 사용자의 이해도가 일부 요인에 유의한 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여준다. 연구의 정량적, 정성적 결과를 기반으로 기술에 대한 이해도와 블록체인 서비스의 신뢰에 대한 해석이 제공된다. 본 연구는 블록체인 서비스의 설계자 및 제공자가 사용자의 신뢰를 효과적으로 관리하기 위한 근거 자료로 활용될 수 있다. Blockchain, a trustless technology, has a great influence on the recent flow of trust research. However, the application of blockchain does not always guarantee trustless to users. Although a number of user-centered research on trust in blockchain is performed, there are still questions needed to be understood. In particular, precedents where innovative technologies such as automation technology were introduced revealed that the user"s understanding of the technology plays an important role in forming trust. This study aims to understand the effect of understanding in blockchain technology on perceived trust by taking a cryptocurrency wallet as an example. To this end, 32 participants divided into two groups based on their understanding in blockchain grasped the 8 situations related to trust in cryptocurrency wallets and evaluated trust-related factors and overall trust. The results of this study show that the user"s understanding in technology has a significant effect on some factors. Based on the quantitative and qualitative results of the experiment, interpretation regarding to understanding in blockchain and trust in cryptocurrency wallet are provided. This study can be used as a basis for designers and providers of blockchain services to effectively manage user trust.

스마트시티 수립 계획에서 시민 설문 조사 분석 시 고려 사항 제안

장혜지(Hyeji Jang),곽지영(Jiyoung Kwahk),정다운(Dawoon Jeong) 대한인간공학회 2019 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

Smart cities are gaining interests worldwide recently. Lessons are learned in previous efforts that the citizen engagement is key to the success of a smart city. The citizen survey is one of the most popular methods used in planning a smart city in a participatory manner. In most cases, the survey data is often analyzed by the mean rating scores (e.g, 3.5 out of 7 point scale) or the percentage of the respondents (e.g., 35% agreed), in which all the participants were considered as a whole. This often results in a limitation in interpreting the results as an effective reflection of the opinion of citizens. The goal of this study is to suggest human factors considerations for analyzing the citizen survey data collected in designing a human-centered smart city based on a study applied to Pohang City. A total of 507 citizens participated in the survey conducted to discover the citizen opinions in determining the goal of Pohang Smart City, in which 50 questions related to the economy, safety, and quality of life were surveyed. The participants were grouped into six criteria: sex, age, occupation, district, length of residence, and type of economic activity in Pohang. ANOVA and Duncan tests were used to identify statistically significant differences among the citizen groups for each question item. The results of this study suggest that the factors influencing the survey results should be considered in interpreting the citizen survey results so that the opinions of citizens can be understood more effectively. The results of this study contributed to identifying the key characteristics of the target persona and to making design decisions in designing the user journey.

블록체인의 사용자경험 요소 도출

장혜지(Hyeji Jang),한성호(Sung H. Han),김주환(Ju Hwan Kim),권기민(Kimin Kwon) 대한인간공학회 2020 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.6

Blockchain enables a decentralized system to operate. It can provide benefits to users such as improving impartiality, stability, reducing service costs, and processing time. The number of decentralized applications (DApp) is now exploding. Users could receive new values and experiences through the blockchain products or services. It is important to provide a good UX for products or services that introduce blockchain. However, there are a few research studies on what factors the blockchain product or service should consider to provide a good UX. This study aims to derive the components of blockchain user experience (UX). A literature survey, blockchain service analysis, and a user survey were conducted. A total of 96 articles, including 39 blockchain UX related articles, were collected. Service values and functions that obtained from introducing blockchain technology were identified from analyzing 126 blockchain services. Finally, a user survey was conducted on the blockchain-based cryptocurrency exchange. As a result, five components of blockchain UX including usability, affect, sociability, economic value, and trust were derived along with their sub-components.